User:Remsense/List of Boxer Indemnity scholars
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The Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program was a scholarship program for Chinese students to be educated in the United States, funded by the Boxer Indemnities. On May 25, 1908, the U.S. Congress Senate and House of Representatives passed the Joint Resolution (S. R. 23)[1] to return to China the excess of Boxer Indemnity,[2] amounting to over $11.9 million ($403.5 million in 2023).[3] Despite fierce controversies over returning the excess payment, President Theodore Roosevelt's administration decided to establish the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program to educate Chinese students in the United States. President Roosevelt recognized this program as a chance for "American-directed reform in China" that could improve United States–China relations and raise America's standing in the world.[4] Instead of copying European imperialism and using military means to reap a short-term financial gain, Roosevelt established the program to ensure peace and trade in China in the "most satisfactory and subtle of all ways", while helping the United States gain respect and take a global leadership position.[5]
Since its inception, the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program has been called "the most important scheme for educating Chinese students in America and arguably the most consequential and successful in the entire foreign-study movement of twentieth century China."[4]
On July 16, 1925, President Calvin Coolidge approved "Executive Order 4268—Remission of Further Payments of Installments of the Chinese Indemnity" to implement the Congress's "Joint Resolution to provide for the remission of further payments of the annual installments of the Chinese indemnity" approved on May 21, 1924.[6][3]
- ^ World Affairs. American Peace Society. 1960. p. 37.
- ^ "United States Relations with China: Boxer Uprising to Cold War (1900-1949)". 2001-2009.state.gov. The Office of Electronic Information. 2007-08-10. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- ^ a b "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1925, Volume I". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- ^ a b Ye, Weili (2001). Seeking modernity in China's name: Chinese students in the United States, 1900–1927. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-804-73696-1.
- ^ Smith, A. H. (1907). China and America To-day: A Study of Conditions and Relations. Forward mission study reference library. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier – via Google Books.
- ^ "Executive Order 4268—Remission of Further Payments of Installments of the Chinese Indemnity". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 2023-09-28.