User:SanaMaqbool93/sandbox
Purpose
[edit]After World War II, the atmosphere altered: wars could not be won through bloodshed but by winning the hearts and minds of people. Consequently, the Truman administration changed their foreign policy from traditional warfare to psychological warfare.
The American government perceived Soviet actions as a threat to democracy. This was evident from the South Korean invasion by North Korea. The Psychological Strategy Board (PSB) was set up to produce propaganda that would win the opinion of people around the world and prevent the spread of Communism. According to a report by the State Department, “convincing a foreign official is less important than carrying an issue over his head to his people” as the people will have a greater influence on the official’s action. As a result, the PSB was formed to create propaganda which subconsciously turned people towards democracy.
Types of Propaganda
[edit]The PSB defined psychological warfare as any nonmilitary action which influenced public opinion or foreign policy interest. This, therefore, includes, but is not limited to: trade and economic aid, cultural and educational exchange, threats to use force and diplomacy.[2]
Buzzwords
Diplomats and Politicians used carefully selected words and phrases, often referred to as buzzwords, to shape policies and influence domestic and international opinion. The most popular buzzword was ‘containment’ because it allowed U.S. officials to present their foreign policy objectives as “noble, restrained and fundamentally defensive.”[2]
Initially, the Soviet Union used buzzwords to promote their “hate America” campaign which was launched in January 21, 1951. The campaign exaggerated the corruption of big businesses in America and accused them of attempting to dominate the world. The Soviets, on the other hand, were portrayed as champions who were trying to overthrow the capitalists, such as America. Many people in the international community believed the Soviet propaganda. The U.S. adopted the Soviet strategy to win the hearts and minds of people.[3]
Radio
Radio programs were transmitted to countries behind the iron curtain, such as Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia, because the USSR could not block this form of propaganda as they could not stop radio waves. Some radio series, such as Voice of America (VOA), were aired in Latin America as well.
The programs were designed to accentuate America’s successes and portrayed the U.S. as a superior nation. Each satellite country had a different program aimed towards them which focused on the issues that would attract the people towards democracy. [4]
References
[edit]- ^ Osgood, Kenneth (2002). "Hearts and Minds: The Unconventional Cold War". Journal of Cold War Studies. 4 (2): 85-107. doi:10.1162/152039702753649656.
- ^ a b Osgood, Kenneth (2002). "Hearts and Minds: The Unconventional Cold War". Journal of Cold War Studies. 4 (2): 85. doi:10.1162/152039702753649656.
{{cite journal}}: More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help) - ^ Parry-Giles, Shawn (June 2009). "Rhetorical experimentation and the cold war, 1947–1953: The development of an internationalist approach to propaganda". Quarterly Journal of Speech. 80 (4): 448–467. doi:10.1080/00335639409384087.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Nelson, Michael (1997). War of the black heavens: the battles of Western broadcasting in the Cold War. Syracuse Univ Pr (Sd). ISBN 0815604793.