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User:Slacksushi/Burkholderia

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Taxonomy

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Burkholderia species form a monophyletic group within the Burkholderiales order of the Betaproteobacteria. Currently, the 48 validly named species can be distinguished from related genera (i.e. Paraburkholderia) and all other bacteria by conserved signature indels in a variety of proteins.[1] These indels represent exclusive common ancestry shared among all Burkholderia species.

The genus has three distinct monophyletic clusters. One group consists of all species belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex, another clade comprises B. pseudomallei and closely related species, and the last clade encompasses of most of the phytogenic species within the genus, including B. glumae and B. gladioli .[1] Conserved signature indels are specific for each of these subgroups within the genus that aid in demarcating members of this extremely large and diverse genus.[1][2]

Research

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Recently, research in Burkholderia species has investigated a range of topics and characteristics including metabolomic response to antibiotics, contact-dependent interactions between bacterial communities, and genomic potential to yield beneficial products.[3][4][5]

In Burkholderia species, certain antibiotics has been shown to induce and upregulate a large amount of the metabolome such as trimethoprim inducing over 100 silent secondary metabolite gene clusters in Burkholderia thailandensis.[3] These global activators can be used as a source of investigation into how the metabolomes of pathogenic bacterial species respond to antibiotic stress and how bacterial species can vary in response to them.[3] It has been shown that closely related cystic fibrosis-associated Burkholderia species respond to trimethoprim with differing levels of expression of various secondary metabolites, highlighting the personalized nature of metabolomics in related bacterial strains.[6]

Research focused on interbacterial signaling using Burkholderia has shown that contact-dependent growth inhibition plays a significant role in mediating cell to cell communication specifically in B. thailandensis.[4] In this interaction, cells release protein toxins to the surrounding environment, and only those with a corresponding protective protein (usually bacteria of the same strain) will not have its growth inhibited or die. Furthermore, recipient cells that have the corresponding protein then undergo changes to gene expression and phenotype that promotes community formation in the form of biofilms. This occurs even if the recipient cell was not of the same bacterial strain which highlights the importance of this system.[4] The genes that encode the protein toxins and the rest of the contact-dependent inhibition system can become mobile in the form of a transposon that can transfer between cells and is critical to communal aspect of the system.[7] Thus, contact-dependent signaling plays a significant role in bacterial self recognition and community formation.[4][7]

Burkholderia species have been shown to be a potential source of beneficial products such as antimicrobials and biosurfactants.[5][8] Along with the related genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia can synthesize a particular class of biosurfactant called rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipids synthesized by Burkholderia have differing chemical characteristics (compared to those synthesized by Pseudomonas) and thus have the potential for novel applications.[8][9]

Species

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List of species:[10]

See also

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  1. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Sawana was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Gupta RS (2016). "Impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification: the importance of Darwin's views on classification". FEMS Microbiol Rev. 40 (4): 520–53. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw011. PMID 27279642.
  3. ^ a b c Okada, Bethany K.; Wu, Yihan; Mao, Dainan; Bushin, Leah B.; Seyedsayamdost, Mohammad R. (2016-08-19). "Mapping the Trimethoprim-Induced Secondary Metabolome of Burkholderia thailandensis". ACS Chemical Biology. 11 (8): 2124–2130. doi:10.1021/acschembio.6b00447. ISSN 1554-8929. PMC 6786267. PMID 27367535.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  4. ^ a b c d Garcia, Erin C.; Perault, Andrew I.; Marlatt, Sara A.; Cotter, Peggy A. (2016-07-19). "Interbacterial signaling via Burkholderia contact-dependent growth inhibition system proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (29): 8296–8301. doi:10.1073/pnas.1606323113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4961174. PMID 27335458.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  5. ^ a b Kunakom, Sylvia; Eustáquio, Alessandra S. (2019-07-26). "Burkholderia as a Source of Natural Products". Journal of Natural Products. 82 (7): 2018–2037. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01068. ISSN 0163-3864. PMC 6871192. PMID 31294966.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  6. ^ McAvoy, Andrew C.; Jaiyesimi, Olakunle; Threatt, Paxton H.; Seladi, Tyler; Goldberg, Joanna B.; da Silva, Ricardo R.; Garg, Neha (2020-05-08). "Differences in Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Burkholderia spp. Bacteria Metabolomes after Exposure to the Antibiotic Trimethoprim". ACS Infectious Diseases. 6 (5): 1154–1168. doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00513. ISSN 2373-8227.
  7. ^ a b Ocasio, Angelica B.; Cotter, Peggy A. (2019-01-07). Blokesch, Melanie (ed.). "CDI/CDS system-encoding genes of Burkholderia thailandensis are located in a mobile genetic element that defines a new class of transposon". PLOS Genetics. 15 (1): e1007883. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007883. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 6350997. PMID 30615607.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ a b Wittgens, Andreas; Santiago-Schuebel, Beatrix; Henkel, Marius; Tiso, Till; Blank, Lars Mathias; Hausmann, Rudolf; Hofmann, Diana; Wilhelm, Susanne; Jaeger, Karl-Erich; Rosenau, Frank (February 2018). "Heterologous production of long-chain rhamnolipids from Burkholderia glumae in Pseudomonas putida—a step forward to tailor-made rhamnolipids". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 102 (3): 1229–1239. doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8702-x. ISSN 0175-7598.
  9. ^ Victor, Irorere U.; Kwiencien, Michal; Tripathi, Lakshmi; Cobice, Diego; McClean, Stephen; Marchant, Roger; Banat, Ibrahim M. (2019-08-01). "Quorum sensing as a potential target for increased production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant in Burkholderia thailandensis E264". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 103 (16): 6505–6517. doi:10.1007/s00253-019-09942-5. ISSN 1432-0614. PMC 6667413. PMID 31222386.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  10. ^ "List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature". Retrieved 21 October 2016.
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