User:Stacie Croquet/sandbox
MS Enigma[edit]
- change the rotor order
Timeline - Cryptanalysis of the Enigma[edit]
- 1926 The Reichsmarine, (German navy) started using Enigma machines called Funkschlüssel C ("Radio cipher C").
- 1927 Hugh Foss was asked to examine the suitability of a commercial Enigma machine. He was able to break it, recording his method in his paper "The Reciprocal Enigma".
- 15 July 1928, the German Army (Reichswehr) introduced their own version of the Enigma—the Enigma G
- June 1930 Enigma I , with plugboard appeared
- 1932, Germans keep same rotor order for three months at a time.
- December 1932, Polish Cipher Bureau task Marian Rejewski to break the Enigma cipher machine
- 1 February 1936, Germans change the rotor order every month.
- 1 November 1936, Germans change the rotor order every day.[1]
- October 1936, the Germans increased the number of plugs from six to eight,
- 24 April 1937 Dillwyn Knox breaks an Enigma machine given to the Spanish using the Foss method
- 2 November 1937 Germans change the .
- 15 September 1938, the Germans changed their procedures so that the messages on a net did not use the same Grundstellung.[2]
- October 1938 Henryk Zygalski invents Zygalski sheets
- December 15, 1938, two new rotors, IV and V, were introduced (three of the now five rotors being selected for use in the machine at a time). (Rotors, IV and V were introduced for the Three rota Enigma).
- 1 January 1939 Germans increase the number of plugboard connections to ten.
- 25 July 1939, Polish Cipher Bureau initiate French and British military intelligence into their Enigma-decryption techniques
- 15 August 1939 The first codebreakers move to Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire
- 16 August 1939, when visiting London Sacha Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park.[3]
- September 1939, Francis Birch appointed head of the German subsection of the naval section.
- late January 1940. codebreakers had broken the "Red" Enigma cipher used for liaison between the Luftwaffe and ground forces [4]
- January 29 1940 Gordon Welchman recruits John Herivel to Bletchly [5]
- 18 March 1940 First British bombe enters service.[6]
- April 1940 Joan Clarke et al take three months to decrypt six days of naval Enigma machine, M3 traffic.[6]
- 22 May 1940 Bletchley Park breaks the main operational key of the Luftwaffe's Enigma enciphering machine
- 20–21 November 1940 Three stray Luftwaffe bombs cause minor disruption
- February 1941, Enigma keys and indicator books captured
- 4 March 1941 Operation Claymore allowed the capture, from the German armed trawler Krebs, a set of rotor wheels for an and Enigma code books
- 9 May 1941, Captures from U-110 include it's Enigma machine, including 9 May rotor settings, the special code settings for high-security Offizierte (officer only) traffic, and the current code book for U-boats' short-signal sighting reports.
- June 1941 Birch appointed head of naval section (Hut 4)
- 25 June 1941 HMS Tartar captures the German weather ship Lauenburg and its Enigma codebooks [7]
- 21 October 1941, Alexander, Alan Turing, and Welchman, complain to Winston Churchill
- 22 October 1941, Churchill issues ‘action this day’ minute giving highest priority to resourcing GCCS
- December 8, 1941 USA enters WWII
- September 1942 US Navy commences mass production of four-rotor bombes.
- October 1942, Holden agreement
- 30 October 1942, Codebooks Kurzsignalheft and Wetterkurzschlüssel captured from U-559
- 13 December 1942 10month Shark blackout ends using information from U-559 capture
- 10 March 1943, third edition of the Wetterkurzschlüssel introduced
- 19 March 1943 U-559's Kurzsignalheft enables Hut 8 to end Shark blackout
- 17 May 1943 BRUSA Agreement
- Autumn 1943 US four-rotor bombes mad available to Hut 8
Timeline - Lorenz Cipher[edit]
- 1942 onwards John Cairncross smuggled out Tunny decrypts to the Soviets
Station X (TV documentary)[edit]
1. The keys to the reich[edit]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOsCnCqRcpg
10,000 Largest code breaking es [8]
- 2:39
- 3:11 Peter Calvocoressi
- 3:49 Blitzkrieg
- 4:44 Staccato
- 5:33 Jürgen Rohwer
- 6:37 Tony Sale, Bletchley Park Trust one message still take most powerful computer (Super Cray)of the time a year to establish underlying message without [9]
- 7:00 Room 40
- Pre was could hear but not decode
- 7:22 1938 British Secret Service bought BP, Wireless station (Station ) to pick up German messages "Captain Ridgely's Hunting Party" established the suitability.
- 8:35 Barbara Eachus [10]
- 10:06 Ralph Bennett Obituary
- 11:18 Mavis Batey
- 12:12 Nigel Forward about Geoffrey Tandy marine biologist selected for his expertise in what someone thought was cryptograms (it was actually Cryptogams [11] [12] [13]
- 12:53 John Herival (Herivel tip)
- 14:31 Lord Briggs
- 14:59 Donald Michie
- 15:26 Andrew Hodges Young people had The keys to the reich
- 16:08 Gwen Watkins [10]
- 16:47 Shaun Wylie
- 17:54 about Josh Cooper - throw coffee cup Cite error: The
<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page). - 18:33 Sarah Baring
- 20:44 about Dilly Knox
- 22:10 Operation of enigma 150,000,000,000,000,000,000 set up configurations Cite error: The
<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page). - 23:10 History commercial machine - secret instruction to set up each day
- Which rotors and in what order
- The wiring configuration of each rotor could then itself be adjusted by sliding the letter ring around to any one of the 26 possibilities
- Third step was the plug board: 26 sockets allowed for 1,500,000,000,000 combinations alone
- After set up message was coded letter by letter, the code was then sent by Morse Code to the receiver.
- 25:55 At start of war Station X did not have an Enigma machine
- 27:01 1931 Hans-Thilo Schmidt offered enigma secret documents to French & British uniterested. Poles interested Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Różycki. First they needed to solve Enigma's wiring establish the mapping from the keyboard to the entry rotor ie the order of the letters around the rotor to establish the internal connections between the keyboard and the output. Rejewski inspired guess was that these letter were infact simply in alphabetical order. This allowed poles to read messages until a few weeks before the Invasion of Poland when German modifications meant the code once again became unreadable. poles beed more help & invited Brits to secret meeting in woods outside Warsaw. Dilly Knox admitted that they had never thought of the abcD... order!. Last great achievements of British Empire was a world wide web of intercept sations ( Y Stations) from Scarborough to Singapore. Thousands of operators wrote down the meangingless groups of letters. They began to recognise the individual tapping styles of different operators who they then tried to find again when the frequency on which messages were sent changed. Sometimes uncoded messages were sent, usually personal messages for family just before an operator was captured or the enemy was close by. Messages were logged by Call sign, frequency date and time. Harry Hinsley was tasked with searching this undecode traffic for clues [10]
- 34:15 Valerie Emery
- 34:36 HH began to see patterns in intercepts, always increased traffic flow before major operations. This gave rise possibility of predicting. Through 1940 his reports to Admiralty were ignored. In june 1940 he warned the admiralty thet tere were dramatic signs of impending German naval activity off the coast of Norway. aircraft carrier Glorious and its two escorts were sunk with the loss of 1,500 lives. [14]
- 36:04 Ignored resulting in loss of HMS Glorious. From this point Hinsleys reports were given top priorty.
- 36:44 First breakthrough "the double indicator" resulted from tiny error German operators were making setting up there machine. All engimans needed to be set up identical. Instruction sheets required them to instructed the which rotors & which postions to commence with. Sheets then specified plug board wiring. Obviously should the Instruction sheets be captured, this information would ba available to the enemy. Therefore to prevent this each message also had a secret rotor setting chosen by the operator himself. To achieve this first he need to set the rotate the rotors to three random letters which were sent to receiver in plain text allowing him to line up his machine similarly. The operator would now select the actual three letter message setting set up for the actual message. This would be sent encoded (the programme uses SWJ as an example which in this example produced output of ITV). However fearing poor radio transmission [15] the setting code (SWJ) had to be sent a second time meant as an error check to detect garbles; this time the lamps produce VDG.[9]
This repetition would provide a clue as to how the rotors were set. A flaw became apparent in that It was noted that 1 in 8 messages the a repeated input letter produced the same encoded letter was being produced by the lamp - the Engima was actually much less random than initially intended. These repeated letters were known as "Females" and could only be produced by a few certain configurations of wheel positions. The wheel position possibilities were represented by Perforated Jeffreys sheets Wheels became known as Red, Blue and Green by both sides.
- 41:58 Pam Brewster
- 42:40 Leslie Yoxall
- 42:53 Alan Rogers
- 43:21 Spring 1941: Naval war in the Mediterranean. Italians had been given enigma machines facing the British Fleet in Alexandria under Andrew Cunningham One night using the Jeffreys sheets an italian message was decoded as Today is "Day minus 3". This was followed by a second message detailing the Battle Orders to attack a british convoy including the number of cruises and submarines and the positions off Cape Matapan. Mavis Batey rush the message over to the Italian Intelligence section and Cunnigham was informed that the attack was planned. Cunnigham, forwarned organized a golf game ashore inorder to to spook the enenemy. That night he crept back onboard and the fleet set off to catch the Italians off guard. Battle of Cape Matapan[16] the young staff tried hard and succeeded - in manoeuvring him into leaning against a newly whitewashed wall. 'Shows how young and silly we were,' said a veteran [14]
- 46:55 "Sir Rober Atkinson
- 49:12 Months later Disaster "No more double enphyring - darkness fell over German communications.
every scrap of paper that could be found at Bletchley Park was burnt in the grounds in 1946. [14]
2. Тhe goose, that laid the golden eggs[edit]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWY0vROAWyY&list=UU3H6bvI7kGuoujWLfzRqvBw
bombe [10]
- 22:00 Turing on Naval Machine [15]
3. The Ultra Secret[edit]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stQ7O6AeFGA
http://www.historynet.com/intercepted-communications-for-field-marshal-erwin-rommel.htm
4. The war of the machines[edit]
- 3:30 4th rotor Shark
- 4:10 US takeover threatened
- 7:36 Allied Naval Cipher 3
- Captain D.A. Wilson Lt-Cdr-Monty-Davenport
- 15:51 Lorens
Salsa[edit]
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquesta_La_33
- ^ Rejewski 1981, p. 223
- ^ Rejewski 1981, p. 225
- ^ Simon Singh, p140, The Code Book
- ^ John Herivel: Obituaries The Daily Telegraph 22 January 2011
- ^ John Herivel: Obituaries The Daily Telegraph 22 January 2011
- ^ a b Ralph Erskine, ‘Murray (Clarke), Joan Elisabeth Lowther (1917–1996)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008
- ^ Truth about Enigma, by someone who was there...Kennedy, Ludovic. Daily Mail 23 June 2000
- ^ TV Listings The Observer; 17 January 1999
- ^ a b Hibbert, Tom, Preview The Observer, 17 January 1999
- ^ a b c d Lennon, Peter & Norton-Taylor, Richard How we won the war ..., The Guardian 18 January 1999
- ^ Smithies, Sandy. Television Tuesday Watching brief, The Guardian 19 January 1999
- ^ Davies, Mike. Cracking the code at last of Station X Birmingham Post 20 January 1999
- ^ Hanks, Robert. Television Review The Independent 20 January 1999
- ^ a b c Paterson, Peter Enigmatic war heroes Daily Mail 20 January 1999
- ^ a b Hewson, David. A cracking good story Sunday Times 17 January 1999
- ^ a b Wake, Jacqueline. Creation of the world's first computer The Herald (Glasgow) 19 January 1999
- ^ Hanks, Robert. Television Review The Independent 20 January 1999
- ^ Davies, Mike. Cracking the code at last of Station X Birmingham Post 20 January 1999