User:Terumi94/sandbox3
Hi, I look forward to seeing the complete entry. Regards, Dr. Haenn
Anime Fan-Culture
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[edit]Although anime can be considered by some as distinctly Japanese animation, some scholars and fans relate to them by their animated nature similar to the works of Walt Disney.[1] Researchers found that this created a subset of people that distinct themselves from the similar subculture of Japanophiles.[2]The fandom originally proliferated using participatory media via the nature of fan-subbing anime, or the English subtitling of the original Japanese shows.[3] This voluntary labor connects people on a global scale as fans from all over the world participate in and benefit from the collective community's work. During the 1990's, industry officials viewed fan-subtitlers as useful to the budding Anime industry, as they used fan production to see where potentially profitable markets might lie.[2] Interviews from some of the earliest fansubbers reveal that most of them subscribed to an unspoken code that they should not make a profit from their illegal activities. However, most distributors do asked to be reimbursed for the cost of the tape and for shipping.[4] Whether through fansubbing or professional industry translated anime and manga, the North American distribution of anime and manga has been primarily an import business for the Japanese produced content. However, due to the nature of its roots, the fandom is better thought of as a hybrid of American and Japanese cultural notes.[5]
Interview with modern day anime fans reveal that some have no interest in its Japanese roots, merely that they enjoy the fashion or particular facets of the fandom. Scholars highlight the reason for this phenomenon as being the increasing hybrid factor of anime caused by integrating North America’s popular culture characteristics.[5] Because of the nature of imports, scholars found that the natural selectivity of anime importing by American companies cause the perception of anime to grow increasingly western, as anime itself as a medium cover a broad range of genres.
- ^ Napier, Susan (2006). "The World of Anime Fandom in America". Mechademia. 1.
- ^ a b Levi, Antonia (2013). "The sweet smell of Japan: Anime, manga, and Japan in North America". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication. 23.
- ^ Lee, Hye-Kyung. "Participatory media fandom: A case study of anime fansubbing". Media, Culture & Society. 33 (8): 1131–1147. doi:10.1177/0163443711418271.
- ^ Denison, Rayna. "Anime fandom and the liminal spaces between fan creativity and piracy". International Journal of Cultural Studies. 14 (5): 449–466. doi:10.1177/1367877910394565.
- ^ a b Denison, Rayna (2011). "Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime". Creative Industries Journal. 3.