User:The Morrison Man/sandbox1

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The Morrison Man/sandbox1
Temporal range: Eocene (Bartonian to Priabonian), 41.3–33.9 Ma
B. isis skeleton, Nantes History Museum, France
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
Family: †Basilosauridae
Subfamily: †Basilosaurinae
Genus: †Basilosaurus
Harlan 1834 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFHarlan1834 (help)
Type species
†Basilosaurus cetoides
Other species
  • †B. isis
    Andrews 1904 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAndrews1904 (help)
Synonyms
Genus synonymy

Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") is a genus of large archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). First described in 1834, it was the first prehistoric whale known to science.

History of discovery[edit]

[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Description[edit]

[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Classification[edit]

[16][17][18][19][20][21]

Paleobiology[edit]

[22][23][24]

Paleoecology[edit]

[25][26][27][28][29]

Sources[edit]

[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]

From "further reading"[edit]

[47][48][49][50][51]

Basilosaurus isis (top) and Dorudon atrox (bottom) skeletons compared, from Voss et al. 2019
B. isis jaw muscles
Restoration of Basilosaurus cetoides
B. isis hind limb
Comparison of the skulls of Basilosaurus isis (fossil at Naturmuseum Senckenberg, top) and B. cetoides (fossil from the North American Museum of Ancient Life, bottom)
Size compared to a human
Restoration of B. cetoides
Albert Koch's "Hydrarchos" fossil skeleton from 1845, two basilosaurus or Pontogeneus skeletons tied together which was presented as the bones of an ancient sea monster. The skeleton was destroyed during the great Chicago fire in 1871.
Skeleton of B. isis at Wadi El Hitan
Outdated restoration of Basilosaurus by Andrew R. Janson from 1956 showing a serpent-like design

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Zalmout, I. S.; Mustafa, H. A.; Gingerich, P. D. (2000). "Priabonian Basilosaurus isis (Cetacea) from the Wadi Esh-Shallala Formation: first marine mammal from the Eocene of Jordan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 201–204. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0201:pbicft]2.0.co;2. OCLC 4908948040. S2CID 130179065.
  2. ^ Harlan, Richard (1834). "Notice of Fossil Bones Found in the Tertiary Formation of the State of Louisiana". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 397. doi:10.2307/1004838.
  3. ^ Gibbes, Robert W.; Tuomey, M.; Owen, Richard (1847). On the fossil genus Basilosaurus, Harlan, (Zeuglodon, Owen) with a notice of specimens from the Eocene green sand of South Carolina. Philadelphia: [s.n.]
  4. ^ "Wadi Al-Hitan". World Heritage Site. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  5. ^ Gingerich, P. D. (2008). "Early Evolution of Whales: A Century of Research in Egypt" (PDF). In Fleagle, J. G.; Gilbert, C. C. (eds.). Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Berlin: Springer. pp. 107–124. ISBN 978-0-387-73895-6.
  6. ^ Gingerich, Philip D.; Smith, B. Holly; Simons, Elwyn L. (1990). "Hind limbs of eocene basilosaurus: evidence of feet in whales". Science. 249 (4965): 154–157. Bibcode:1990Sci...249..154G. doi:10.1126/science.249.4965.154. PMID 17836967. S2CID 35307146.
  7. ^ Gingerich, P. D. (2012). "Evolution of Whales from Land to Sea" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 156 (3): 309–323.
  8. ^ Voss, Manja; Antar, Mohammed Sameh M.; Zalmout, Iyad S.; Gingerich, Philip D. (2019). "Stomach contents of the archaeocete Basilosaurus isis: Apex predator in oceans of the late Eocene". PLOS ONE. 14 (1). e0209021. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409021V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209021. PMC 6326415. PMID 30625131.
  9. ^ Gingerich, P.D. (1998). "15. Paleobiological perspectives on Mesonychia, Archaeoceti, and the origin of whales" (PDF). In Thewissen, J. G. M. (ed.). The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea. New York: Springer. pp. 423–449. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0159-0. ISBN 978-1-4899-0159-0. S2CID 30660655.
  10. ^ Fahlke, Julia M.; Gingerich, Philip D.; Welsh, Robert C.; Wood, Aaron R. (2011). "Cranial asymmetry in Eocene archaeocete whales and the evolution of directional hearing in water". PNAS. 108 (35): 14545–14548. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814545F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108927108. PMC 3167538. PMID 21873217.
  11. ^ Gingerich, P. D.; Uhen, Mark D. (1998). "Likelihood estimation of the time of origin of Cetacea and the time of divergence of Cetacea and Artiodactyla" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 1 (2): 4.
  12. ^ Racicot, Rachel A.; Berta, Annalisa (2013). "Comparative Morphology of Porpoise (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) Pterygoid Sinuses: Phylogenetic and Functional Implications". Journal of Morphology. 274 (1): 50. doi:10.1002/jmor.20075. PMID 22965565. S2CID 2617769.
  13. ^ Nummela, Sirpa; Thewissen, J. G. M.; Bajpai, Sunil; Hussain, Taseer; Kumar, Kishor (2004). "Eocene evolution of whale hearing". Nature. 430 (7001): 776–778. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..776N. doi:10.1038/nature02720. PMID 15306808. S2CID 4372872.
  14. ^ Bejder, Lars; Hall, Brian K. (2002). "Limbs in whales and limblessness in other vertebrates: mechanisms of evolutionary and developmental transformation and loss" (PDF). Evolution and Development. 4 (6): 445–458. doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.02033.x. PMID 12492145. S2CID 8448387.
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  19. ^ Gol'din, Pavel; Zvonok, Evgenij (2013). "Basilotritus uheni, a New Cetacean (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) from the Late Middle Eocene of Eastern Europe". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (2): 254–268. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..254G. doi:10.1666/12-080R.1. S2CID 83864139.
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  21. ^ "On a molar tooth of Zeuglodon from the Tertiary beds on the Murray River near Wellington, S.A." Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 1881.
  22. ^ Snively, E.; Fahlke, J. M.; Welsh, R. C. (2015). "Bone-Breaking Bite Force of Basilosaurus isis (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Eocene of Egypt Estimated by Finite Element Analysis". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0118380. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018380S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118380. PMC 4340796. PMID 25714832.
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  24. ^ Snively, Eric; Fahlke, Julia M.; Welsh, Robert C. (25 February 2015). "Bone-Breaking Bite Force of Basilosaurus isis (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Eocene of Egypt Estimated by Finite Element Analysis". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0118380. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018380S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118380. PMC 4340796. PMID 25714832.
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Cited literature[edit]

External links[edit]

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