User:WessNature/Land restoration
Introduction[edit]
Land restoration, which may include renaturalisation or rewilding, is the process of restoring land to a different or previous state with an intended purpose. That purpose can be a variety of things such as what follows: being safe for humans, plants, and animals; stabilizing ecological communities; cleaning up pollution; creating novel ecosystems[1]; or restoring the land to a historical condition, for example how indigenous people managed the land[2]. Ecological destruction or degradation, to which land restoration serves as an antidote, is usually the consequence of human influence's intended or unintended consequences. This can include pollution, deforestation, salination, or species endangerment, among many more. Land restoration is not the same as land reclamation, where existing ecosystems are altered or destroyed to give way for cultivation or construction. Land restoration can enhance the supply of valuable ecosystem services that benefit people.
Initial Steps[edit]
In order to increase the chances for successful landscape restoration, several key parameters need to be determined. A shared understanding of the definition of restoration should be defined for the project. As there can be many different motivations for landscape restoration- influenced by personal or environmental ethics, opinions, priorities, available data, economics, etc.- the definition of the term can mean different things to different people and has changed over time. [3] Additionally, in order to monitor the success of a restoration project, a reference model or reference ecosystem should be selected in order to make comparisons. Along with this, proper surveys of existing conditions should take place. Furthermore, design considerations like restoration methods, contingency plans, monitoring, maintenance, permits, resources, budget, and timeline need to be known and will influence landscape restoration capabilities.[4]
Adaptive Management[edit]
Adaptive management is "an approach for simultaneously managing and learning about natural resources."[5] It is the primary method used for managing land restoration projects because natural resources can respond to management techniques but the longevity and desirability of those responses are uncertain and dependent on controllable and uncontrollable factors.[5] Therefore, adapting how a project is managed based on responses from the ecosystem is a more informed approach to landscape restoration.
TEK: Traditional Ecological Knowledge[edit]
Traditional ecological knowledge, or TEK, has had increase significance and usage in landscape restoration spheres.[6] Using TEK alongside scientifically tested ecological knowledge is becoming the more mainstream approach to landscape restoration, as many landscapes have evolved alongside humans over thousands of years, and because often times the ideal landscape often used as the reference ecosystem is the pre-colonial ecological landscape.[7]
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References[edit]
- ^ Hobbs, Richard J.; Higgs, Eric; Harris, James A. (2009-11-01). "Novel ecosystems: implications for conservation and restoration". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 24 (11): 599–605. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.05.012. ISSN 0169-5347.
- ^ "How Tribes Are Reclaiming and Protecting Their Ancestral Lands From Coast to Coast | Audubon". www.audubon.org. Wed, 12/14/2022 - 04:15. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Holl, Karen (2020). Primer of Ecological Restoration. IslandPress. pp. 7–11. ISBN 978-1-61091-972-2.
- ^ Holl, Karen (2020). Primer of Ecological Restoration. IslandPress. pp. 23–31. ISBN 978-1-61091-972-2.
- ^ a b Williams, Byron K. (2011-05-01). "Adaptive management of natural resources—framework and issues". Journal of Environmental Management. Adaptive management for Natural Resources. 92 (5): 1346–1353. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.041. ISSN 0301-4797.
- ^ Lake, Frank K.; Parrotta, John; Giardina, Christian P.; Davidson-Hunt, Iain; Uprety, Yadav (2018-09-03), "Integration of Traditional and Western knowledge in forest landscape restoration", Forest Landscape Restoration, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2018] | Series: The Earthscan forest library: Routledge, pp. 198–226, ISBN 978-1-315-11187-2, retrieved 2024-05-13
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Gordon (Iñupiaq), Heather Sauyaq Jean; Ross, J. Ashleigh; Cheryl Bauer-Armstrong; Moreno, Maria; Byington (Choctaw), Rachel; Bowman (Lunaape/Mohican), Nicole (2023-02-01). "Integrating Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge of land into land management through Indigenous-academic partnerships". Land Use Policy. 125: 106469. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106469. ISSN 0264-8377.