User:Yuchitown/chinook
Short description|Native American heritage group in Washington (state), United States
| Named after | Chinook people |
|---|---|
| Formation | 2000,[2] 2002 (nonprofit)[1] |
| Type | nonprofit organization |
| Foundation: EIN 91-2147630[1][3] | |
| Purpose | Antidiscrimination, Cultural Awareness, Welfare[1] S20: Community, Neighborhood Development[2] |
| Location |
|
Chairman | Tony Johnson[1] |
Revenue (2023[3]) | $731,098 |
| Expenses (2023[3]) | $326,356 |
Staff (2023[2]) | 3 |
| Website | chinooknation |
Formerly called | Chinook Indian Tribe[5] |
The Chinook Indian Nation, also known as the Confederated Lower Chinook Tribes and Bands is a cultural heritage group and nonprofit organization in Bay Center, Washington.[1] This organization was briefly federally recognized as a Native American tribe in 2001 and 2002 but since 2002 is unrecognized.[6]
Its members include descendants of five bands of Chinookan peoples: the Clatsop, Lower Chinook, Kathlamet, Wahkiakum, and Willapa.[7][4] Their historical territories included parts of Washington and Oregon.[4] Some descendants of these tribes joined the Shoalwater Bay Tribe and Quinault Indian Tribe in the 19th century.[7] The U.S. Court of Claims ruled in 1906 that the Lower Band of Chinook had "long ceased to exist."[7]
Nonprofit organization
[edit]The Confederated Lower Chinook Tribes and Bands was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in 2002.[1] In 2023, its net assets totaled $1,961,437.[3]
Their 2023 officers were:
- Chairman: Tony Johnson
- Vice Chairman: Sam Robinson
- Secretary and Treasurer: Rachel Cushman.[2]
Much of their funding comes from grants, such as 2022 grants from the Inatai Foundation, Network for Good, and Marguerite Casey Foundation, among others.[2]
Petition for recognition
[edit]In 1981, the Chinook Indian Tribe filed a petition with the Bureau of Indian Affairs for federal acknowledgment of existence as an Indian tribe.[5] They changed their name to Chinook Indian Tribe / Chinook Nation.[5] The U.S. Congress passed acts in 1911, 1912, and 1925 allowed the Chinook Indian Tribe to litigate land claims.[8] Initially, the U.S. federal government recognized the tribe in 2001 but reversed this decision in 2002.[6] The Bureau of Indian Affairs' reconsidered final determination that stated that the petitioners did not meet three of the seven criteria for recognition.[7] The Quinault Indian Nation stated that the Chinook Indian Tribe was "a splinter group of the Quinault..."[8]
History
[edit]
The Chinookan peoples have long had a community on the lower Columbia River. These lower Columbia Chinook tribes and bands reorganized in the 20th century, setting up an elected form of government and reviving tribal culture. They are referred to in government and historic accounts, but Congress did not ratify the 1851 treaties signed at Tansy Point.
Since the 1930s, individual Chinook people have had Allotments on the timber-rich Quinault Reservation in Grays Harbor County, Washington. The Quinault appealed recognition of the Chinook in August 2001, and the matter was taken up by the new administration.[9]
Efforts by U.S. Representative Brian Baird (D-Wash) from Washington's third congressional district, to gain passage of legislation in 2011 to achieve recognition of the tribe were not successful.[10] In his decision on a lawsuit filed in late 2017, U.S. District Court Judge Ronald B. Leighton ruled recognition could only be granted from Congress and other branches of government, but largely sided with the tribe. Leighton denied seven of eight claims by the Interior Department to dismiss the case, including a challenge to a 2015 rule that bars tribes from seeking recognition again.[11]
In 2019, the Chinook Indian Nation purchased ten acres of the 1851 Tansy Point treaty grounds.[12]
In 2021 in the case Chinook Indian Nation v. Zinke, they sued to recover their Indian Claims Commission (ICC) funds. The ICC determined in 1970 that $48,692.05 should go to the "Chinook Tribe and Band of Indians, for an on behalf of the Lower Band of Chinook and Clatsop Indians". The court agreed with the defendant that the Department of the Interior needs to determine how to pay the funds.[13]
In 2021, the Northwest Regional Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs reached out to 45 federally recognized tribes and the Chinook Indian Nation to create a plan to distribute funds that the Indian Claims Commission rules were owed to descendants of the historic Clatsop Tribe of Indians and the Lower Band of Chinook Indians of Washington.[14]
Activities
[edit]The tribe holds an Annual Winter Gathering at the plankhouse in Ridgefield, Washington. It also holds an Annual First Salmon Ceremony at Chinook Point (Fort Columbia) on the North Shore of the Columbia River.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "Confederated Lower Chinook Tribes and Bands". GuideStar. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Confederated Lower Chinook Tribes and Bands". Cause IQ. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Confederated Lower Chinook Tribes And Bands". ProPublica. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Smith, Anna V. (1 April 2021). "The 'slow-motion genocide' of the Chinook Indian Nation". High Country News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Office of Federal Acknowledgment (3 January 2001). "Summer Under the Criteria and Evidence for Final Determination for Federal Acknowledgment" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ a b Paskus, Laura (19 August 2002). "Chinook tribe loses recognition". High Country News. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d Department of the Interior (12 July 2002). "Reconsidered Final Determination to Decline to Acknowledge the Chinook Indian Tribe/Chinook Nation" (PDF). Federal Register. 67 (134): 46204. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ a b McCaleb, Neal A. (5 July 2022). "Reconsidered on Referral by the Secretary and Summary Under the Criteria and Evidence for the Reconsidered Final Determination Against Federal Acknowledgment" (PDF). Office of Federal Acknowledgment. U.S. Department of the Interior. p. 62. Retrieved 11 October 2024. Cite error: The named reference "reconsidered" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Amy McFall Prince, "Feds revoke tribe's status", The Daily News (TDN), July 6, 2002; accessed November 25, 2016
- ^ Wilson, Katie (October 7, 2014). "Recognition move by Oregon tribe stirs Chinook concerns". Chinook Observer. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
- ^ Solomon, Molly. "Chinook Tribe A Step Closer To Recognition As Federal Judge Advances Claims". www.opb.org. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- ^ "Chinook Nation buys an Oregon foothold". The Astorian. May 17, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
- ^ Schlosser, Thomas P. (13 June 2022). "Case Law on American Indians". American Indian Law Journal. 10 (2): 8–9. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ "Chinook Judgment Use and Distribution Plan". Indian Affairs. U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
External links
[edit]DEFAULTSORT:Chinook Indian Nation Category:Cultural organizations based in Washington (state) Category:Non-profit organizations based in Washington (state) Category:2000 establishments in Washington (state) Category:2002 establishments in Washington (state) Category:Unrecognized tribes in the United States