Valentine Baker

For Captain Valentine Baker, of Martin-Baker Aircraft, see Valentine Baker (pilot).

Valentine Baker
Birth name	Valentine Baker
Nickname(s)	Baker Pasha
Born	1 April 1827 Enfield, United Kingdom
Died	17 November 1887 (aged 60) Tall al Kabir, Khedivate of Egypt
Allegiance	United Kingdom Ottoman Empire
Service / branch	British Army Ottoman Army
Years of service	1848-1875; 1877-1887
Rank	Major Ferik
Unit	Ceylon Rifle Regiment 12th Lancers 10th Hussars
Commands	10th Hussars Egyptian police
Battles / wars	8th Cape Frontier War Crimean War Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) Mahdist War
Relations	Sir Samuel Baker

Valentine Baker (also known as Baker Pasha) (1 April 1827 – 17 November 1887), was a British soldier, and a younger brother of Sir Samuel Baker.

Biography

He was educated in Gloucester and in Ceylon, and in 1848 entered the Ceylon Rifles as an ensign. He soon transferred to the 12th Lancers, he saw active service with that regiment in the 8th Cape Frontier War of 1852—1853. In the Crimean War, Baker was present at the Battle of Chernaya River and at the fall of Sevastopol, and in 1859 he became major in the 10th Hussars, succeeding only a year later to the command. This position he held for 13 years, during which period the highest efficiency of his men was reached, and outside the regiment he did good service to his arm by his writings.

He went through the wars of 1866 and 1870 as a spectator with the German armies, and in 1873 he started upon a famous journey through Khorasan with his friend Fred Burnaby. Although he was unable to reach the Khanate of Khiva the results of the journey afforded a great deal of political, geographical and military information, especially as to the advance of Russia in Central Asia.

In 1874, he was back in England and took up a staff appointment at Aldershot.

Less than a year later, Colonel Baker’s career in the British army came to an untimely end. He was arrested on a charge of indecent assault upon a young woman in a railway carriage. Baker offered no defence, and was sentenced to a year’s imprisonment and a fine. He was then dismissed from the service. The case led to the introduction of corridors on trains; previously compartments only had doors to the outside.

Two years later, having meanwhile left England, he entered the service of the Ottoman Army in the war with Russia. At first in a high position in the gendarmerie, he was soon transferred to Mehmed Ali Pasha’s staff, and thence took over the command of a division of infantry. With this division, Baker sustained the rearguard action of Tashkessen against the troops of Gourko. Promoted Ferik (lieutenant-general) for this feat, he continued to command Suleiman’s rearguard. After the peace he was employed in an administrative post in Armenia, where he remained until 1882. In this year he was offered the command of the newly formed Egyptian army, which he accepted. On his arrival at Cairo, however, the offer was withdrawn and he only obtained command of the Egyptian police. In this post he devoted by far the greater amount of his energy to the training of the gendarmerie, which he realized would be the reserve of the purely military forces.

When the war in Sudan broke out, Baker, hastening with 3500 men to relieve Tokar, encountered the enemy under Osman Digna at El Teb. His men becoming panic-stricken at the first rush were slaughtered. Baker himself with a few of his officers succeeded by hard fighting in cutting a way out, but his force was annihilated. British troops soon afterwards arrived at Suakin, and Sir Gerald Graham took the offensive. Baker Pasha accompanied the British force, guiding it on its march to the scene of his defeat, and at the desperately fought second battle of El Teb he was wounded (See: Battles of El Teb).

He remained in command of the Egyptian police until his death in 1887.

Works

Among the books he wrote are Our National Defences (1860), War in Bulgaria, a Narrative of Personal Experience (London, 1879), Clouds in the East (London, 1876).

Family

He married, on 13 December 1865, Fanny, only child of Frank Wormald of Potterton Hall, Aberford, by which marriage there were two daughters, the younger of whom only survived her father and married Sir John Carden, bart.

Cultural references

The crime that led to Baker's conviction and military discharge may have inspired the 1894 pornographic novel Raped on the Railway: a True Story of a Lady who was first ravished and then flagellated on the Scotch Express.

Elements of the same incident are suggested by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in his Sherlock Holmes short story The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans.

Bibliography

• Carr, William (1901). "Baker, Valentine" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baker, Valentine" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Dorothy Anderson Baker Pasha: Misconduct and Mischance Michael Russell Publishing Ltd (May 1999) ISBN 0-85955-246-2 ISBN 978-0859552462

External links

• A career broken but not destroyed