Vellaloor massacre
| Vellaloor massacre | |
|---|---|
   Location of Vellaloor in Madurai District, India | |
| Location | Vellalore village, Madras Presidency, British India (present day Vellaloor, Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Coordinates | 10°0′1.44″N 78°25′58.8″E / 10.0004000°N 78.433000°E |
| Date | 1 January 1767 (IST) |
| Target | Unarmed men, women and children of the Kallar aka mukkullathor kallar clan, who refused to pay the tax imposed by the English East India Company |
Attack type | Massacre |
| Deaths | 5000 men, women and children |
| Injured | unknown |
| Perpetrators | Captain Rumley of the English East India Company |
The Vellaloor massacre refers to the killing of nearly 5000 people of the Kallan clan at the Vellalore village near Melur Taluk in what is now the Madurai District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The massacre was ordered by Captain Rumley of the East India Company. The murder of the Indigenous people occurred, as they refused to pay taxes to the East India Company. The carnage is recorded in the 1767 annual gazette of the Madras Government.
The Kallars had been resisting paying taxes to the Company, and five battalions of sepoys and 1,500 cavalry under Captain Rumley were sent to extract taxes. The villages held defensive positions, and refused to pay the taxes. Captain Rumley ordered the village to be set on fire, and anyone escaping the fire (men, women and children) were killed by the Company sepoys. This resulted in more than 3000 being killed at Vellalapatti. This incident made other surrounding villages submit to the Company and pay their taxes.
After a while, there was another instance of rebellion by the Kallar, by attacks on the Company peons, which was followed by another massacre by Captain Rumley, resulting in the death of another 2,000 people.[1][2][3][4][5]
These events were preceded by several instances of rebellion to pay taxes to the Muslim and British invaders by the Kallars. In 1755. Colonel. Alexander Heron, led an expedition, against the Poligar of Kumaravadi, Lackenaig (Lakshmi Naik?), whose Governor Mayana had taken refugee at the temple of Kovilkudi, at Tirumbur Village. Colonel. Heron and Yusuf Khan led the soldiers in burning down the temple. In this incident, an idol revered by the Kallans were removed and held for a ransom of Five Thousand Rupees. The Kallans being unable to pay, the idol was melted down. This act of Colonel. Heron was condemned even by the Madras Council of the East India Company, as an action becoming unworthy of an English officer, and the prejudice that this act will cause among the natives about England.[4]
Indian classical literature, including Tamil Sangam literature have only glorified kings as a norm, and hence this massacre of common people did not find a mention in contemporary literature of that period. However the incident has survived as folklore, and also in official records of the Madras Government.[6]
Later references seem to suggest that Captain Rumley was imprisoned at Arnee, then moved to Seringapatam, and killed in imprisonment, in 1783, during the course of the Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784).[7][8][9][10][11]
References
[edit]- ^ Francis, W (1906). Madras District Gazetteers, Madura, Volume I (PDF). Madras, British India: The Superintendent, Government Press. p. 69.
- ^ Turnbull (July–December 1835). "The Colleries". Alexander's East India and Colonial Magazine. X (R Alexander, Strand): 220–222. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ Nelson, J H (1868). The Madura Country, A Manual compiled by order of The Madras Government. Madras, British India: Asylum Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9788120604247. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ a b Hill, Samuel Charles (1914). Yusuf Khan The Rebel Commandant. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
- ^ Blackburn, Stuart H (1978). "The Kallars: A Tamil 'criminal tribe' reconsidered". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 1 (1): 42. doi:10.1080/00856407808722957. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Shrikumar, A (24 October 2013). "Taking the road less travelled". The Hindu. No. Madurai. The Hindu. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ Willasey-Wilsey, Tim (2014). "In Search of Gopal Drooge and the Murder of Captain William Richardson". FIBIS Journal. 31 (Spring): 16–25. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Murland, H F (2012). Baillie-Ki-Paltan: Being a History of the 2nd Battalion, Madras Pioneers 1759–1930. Andrews UK Limited. p. 42,51.
- ^ Beveridge, Henry (1858). A Comprehensive History of India, Civil, Military, and Social, from the First Landing of the English to the Suppression of the Sepoy Revolt: Including an Outline of the Early History of Hindoostan, Volume 2. London: Blackie and Son. p. 527. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Indian Records Series Vestiges of Old Madras. London: Government of India. p. 213. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Wilkin, Walter Harold (1912). The life of Sir David Baird (PDF). Edinburgh: George Allen & Company Ltd. pp. 54, 55, 58. Retrieved 27 June 2022.