Velleity
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Velleity is the lowest degree of volition, a slight wish or tendency.[1]
Examples of usage
[edit]In philosophy
[edit]The 16th-century French philosopher Montaigne, in his essay On the Force of Imagination begins with the epigraph he cites from a schoolboy textbook, Fortis imaginatio generat casum, or "A strong imagination begets the event itself."[2] In this essay, Montaigne describes the various ways that the will (or imagination as he calls it) causes people and other animals to do things or to have things done to them, with the barest of initiatives.[2] In said essay, he links (what is now called) the placebo effect to the power of the will.[2] For example, he describes how a certain Germain, was born a female named Mary, who "that by straining himself in a leap his male organs came out" at the age of 22.[2][3] He also cites the stigmata of Dagobert and Saint Francis, and when the bride Laodice worshipping Venus cured her husband Amasis, King of Egypt of his impotence, among several other examples.[2]
Friedrich Nietzsche describes the velleity of an artist as a "desire to be 'what he is able to represent, conceive, and express'...."[4] Nietzsche championed the will to power, which can be encapsulated[by whom?] as starting with velleity, in his free-will theorem.
Keith David Wyma refers frequently to the "concept of velleity", citing Thomas Aquinas as a pioneer of introducing the idea into philosophy.[5]
In the Kabbalah, the number of Ratzon is 1/60 of perfection, which is the minimum level of the Divine will.[6]
In psychology
[edit]Psychologist Avi Sion writes, "Many psychological concepts may only be defined and explained with reference to velleity." (Emphasis in original.)[7] An example he cites is that "an ordinarily desirable object can only properly be called 'interesting' or 'tempting' to that agent at that time, if he manifests some velleity...."[7] He distinguishes between the two types of velleity - "to do something and one not to do something...."[7] Furthermore, he asserts, "The concept of velleity is also important because it enables us to understand the co-existence of conflicting values."[7] A person could thus have "double velleity" or "a mix of velleity for something and a volition for its opposite: the latter dominates, of course, but that does not erase the fact of velleity."[7]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Velleity". Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Montaigne, de, Michel. "20". In William Carew Hazlitt (ed.). The Essays of Michel de Montaigne. Translated by Charles Cotton. The University of Adelaide. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- ^ Sellberg, Karin Johanna (2009). From Queer Rejection of Gender Binaries to Nomadic Gender Corporealisation: A Reconsideration of Spaces Claimed by the Queering Literary Critics of the Late Twentieth Century. The University of Edinburgh. S2CID 160109985.
- ^ Aaron Ridley, in "Nietzsche, philosophy and the arts," ed. by Salim Kemal, Ivan Gaskell, Daniel W. Conway, at pp. 128-131 (Cambridge University Press, 2002) ISBN 0-521-52272-2, ISBN 978-0-521-52272-4 (emphasis provided), found at Google Book search. Accessed April 29, 2009.
- ^ Keith David Wyma, Crucible of reason, pp. 197, 221, 223, 225, 227 (Rowman and Littlefield 2004). ISBN 978-0-7425-3538-1. Found at Google books. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- ^ "There are six levels [each one encompassing ten sub-levels] between netzach (eternity) and ratzon (will)." Ask a Rabbi, citing Talmud Tractate Berachot 57b; Midrash Rabbah Genesis 17:7; Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed 2:36; and Zohar Pekudei 254a, found at Ask a Rabbi, accessed August 4, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Avi Sion, "Volition and allied causal concepts," p. 190 (2004). ISBN 978-2-9700091-6-0. Found at Google books. Also found at The Logician website. All accessed June 3, 2010.