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Volodymyr Viatrovych

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Volodymyr Viatrovych
Volodymyr Viatrovych with a copy of his sixth book The second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942-1947 (2011)

Volodymyr Viatrovych (Template:Lang-uk; born 7 July 1977) is a Ukrainian historian and most influential Ukrainian national-memory activist.[1] He has been Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance since 25 March 2014. He is a Candidate of Sciences (Ph.D) in historical sciences, director of the Center for Research of Liberation Movement in Lviv, and a member of the board of trustees of the "Prison on Łąckiego" Museum.[2] From 2008 to 2010 he was director of the Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine. In 2010-2011 he visited the Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University, working in particular with the archival documents of Mykola Lebed.[3] Viatrovych plays an important role in whitewashing the history of Ukraine,[4] marginalizing or suppressing the facts about involvement of Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust,[5] and passing laws restricting free speech.[6]

Biography and academic career, 1994 to present

From 1994 to 1999 Viatrovych was a student at the history faculty of Lviv University (West Ukraine) where he specialised in Ukrainian history. In 2004 he defended his doctoral thesis: “UPA raids beyond Ukrainian borders as part of the creation of an anti-totalitarian national-democratic revolution among the nations of East-Central Europe”. (He had already issued a book on the subject in 2001.)

From November 2002 to March 2008 Viatrovych was director of the Centre for the Study of the Liberation Movement, based in Lviv. In 2005 and 2006 he lectured at the Ukrainian Catholic University. During that time he drew up the first course in Ukrainian higher education on “The Ukrainian Liberation Movement from the 1920s to 1950s” for students of the historical faculties of the Catholic University and the Ivan Franko Lviv University.

From August 2005 to December 2007 Viatrovych was a research associate at the I. Kripyakevich Institute for Ukrainian Studies at the National Academy of Sciences in Kiev.

In 2010-2011 he worked in the US at the Ukraine Research Institute at Harvard University.

Viatrovych subsequently became director of the Center for the History of State-Building in Ukraine at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.[7]

National Remembrance, 2007 to present

Between May 2007 and January 2008 Viatrovych was a representative of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance for Lviv Oblast.

In 2008 he served as research consultant to the international project, “Ukraine Remembers, the World Acknowledges” which aimed to popularise the subject of the Holodomor, the 1932-3 famine in Ukraine, and, through international lobbying, to gain world recognition that this was an act of genocide. From January to October 2008 Viatrovych was head of the archives department at Ukraine’s Institute of National Remembrance.

From October 2008 to March 2010 Viatrovych was adviser on research to Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, the head of the SBU or Security Service of Ukraine (2006-2010). Viatrovych was a moving force behind the idea of putting Stalin and other Soviet leaders of the time on trial for genocide for their part in the Holodomor. They were found guilty in January 2010 by the Court of Appeal in Kiev (prompting an indignant reaction from certain Russian officials).[8]

Viatrovych has been a trustee of the Lontsky Prison National Museum-Memorial to the Victims of Occupation Regimes (Nazi and Soviet) in Lviv, since it was set up and opened to the public in 2009. From March 2008 onwards he has chaired the research council of the Centre for the Study of the Liberation Movement (Lviv).

On 25 March 2014 Viatrovych was appointed Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance.[7]

Political activism, 2004 & 2013-2015

When the Orange Revolution took place in 2004 Viatrovych took an active part, supposedly as a leader of the Pora ("It's Time!") youth movement.

During the Euromaidan protests in 2013 Viatrovych called for active measures against the authorities.[9] He coordinated mass demonstrations and led a column of activists to block the government buildings and the parliament (Verkhovna Rada).

Speaking of the rotation of Euromaidan activists he recalled the activities of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army or UPA: “In the 1940s and 1950s conditions in the underground were worse: people did not leave temporarily to go back to work, but because a comrade had gone forever. That is why we shall succeed!” He also commented: “We do not intend to halt after the regime has changed in Ukraine, when we have got rid of the rule of Yanukovych.”[10]

In May 2015 President Petro Poroshenko approved four laws concerning Decommunization in Ukraine. Volodymyr Viatrovych was involved in the drafting of two of these laws. The criminal sentences imposed by these acts and their phrasing came in for criticism within the country and abroad. The law "On access to the archives of repressive bodies of the communist totalitarian regime from 1917-1991" placed the state archives concerning repression during the Soviet period under the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance, now headed by Volodymyr Viatrovych.[11]

Decorations and awards

Viatrovych as historian (2002-2012)

The first Volodymyr Viatrovych's book about the rallies of Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) in Czechoslovakia was written based on his PhD thesis.[14] It was devoted to a little explored area, and that this work has been appreciated and probably resulted in Viatrovich's appointment a director of TsDVR (Centre for the Study of the Liberation Movement).[14]

Army of the Immortals, 2002

His third book Army of the Immortals (2002) was discussed some years later on the Polit.ru website by Professor Alexei I. Miller of the Central European University in Budapest and Ukrainian historian Georgy Kasyanov from the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. In Miller's view the book was essentially glorification of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Many historical sources were disregarded in the book's writing, says Miller, and falsified stories were cited. Viatrovych preferred to ignore all criticism of the Army of the Immortals that originated within the academic community, says Miller.[15]

In 2013 similar concerns about discussion of the past, the role and influence of Volodymyr Viatrovych, and the impact of divergent views on the present were raised in a discussion following a Columbia University workshop on “Russian and Ukrainian Nationalism: Entangled Histories”[16][17]

OUN attitudes towards the Jews, 2006

This book provides a one-sided view on the OUN's attitude towards Jews.[18] The book portrays the Ukrainian nationalists and UPA as a "national liberation" movement and deny any accusations in their collaboration with Nazi Germany and involvement in the Holocaust.[5] In his book Viatrovich presents only one critical article on OUN's anti-semitism, with the only purpose to immediately dismiss it.[5] John-Paul Himka and Taras Kurylo describe Viatrovich's methodology as follows:

V'iatrovych manages to exonerate the OUN of charges of antisemitism and complicity in the Holocaust only by employing a series of highly dubious procedures: rejecting sources that compromise the OUN, accepting uncritically censored sources from émigré OUN circles, failing to recognize antisemitism in OUN texts, limiting the source base to official OUN proclamations and decisions, excluding Jewish memoirs, refusing to consider contextual and comparative factors, failing to consult German document collections, and ignoring the mass of historical monographs on his subject written in the English and German languages.[18][19]

Other authors agree that this book is an attempt to deny the crimes of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) on Jews and to dismiss the allegations of its anti-Semitism.[20][5] In the opinion of Kurylo and Himka, this work does less to understanding history, but does much to distort it, however it contains an interesting material and forms the basis for further discussions on the relationship of the OUN and UPA to Jews.[21]

As an example of alleged collaboration of Jews with UPA and as an evidence of the Ukrainian nationalist forces' lack of anti-semitism, Viatrovych mentions Leiba Dubrovskii, an alleged Jewish member of UPA and genuine Ukrainian nationalist. However, in reality Dubrovskii was a Soviet POW who concealed his ethnicity when was captured by Germans.[22] He never disclosed his real ethnicity to UPA members and was no enthusiastic supporter of Ukrainian nationalism.[22]

The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 2011

In this book, Viatrovych is trying to address arguably the most difficult issue in the history of OUN and UPA: Volynian massacre.[23] In attempts to exonerate Ukrainian nationalists, Viatrovich presents the UPA's massacre of Polish civilians as a part of a military conflict, i.e. as a war between Poles and Ukrainians, which he calls The Second Polish-Ukrainian War,[23][14] thereby implying that the events he describes were a continuation of the Polish-Ukrainian war (1918–19).[23] Viatrovych tries to prove that there was no order of OUN’s leadership for the extermination of the Polish minority, and the Volynia massacre was just a spontaneous rebellion of Ukrainian peasants provoked by the Poles.[24] "The Second Polish-Ukrainian war" was met in West Ukraine with uncritical enthusiasm.[25][26] However, Viatryovych's attempts to downplay or conceal OUN-UPA's military crimes have been condemned by several scholars. Ivan Katchanovski (University of Ottawa) states that the aim of Viatrovych in disseminating his narrative was to "restore Bandera's good name" mostly in the mass media and in non-academic or unscholarly publications.[3] In the opinion of Hryciuk, the version of events presented in the book was factually untrue.[27] Other reviews published in scholarly media by Per Anders Rudling,[23] Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe,[5] Andrzej Leon Sowa[28] Ihor Ilyushyn,[29] Andrij Portnov,[24] Grzegorz Motyka,[30][31] Andrzej Zięba,[32] were also negative.

According to Motyka, although the book's sections devoted to the SS-Galizien Division and the fate of the Ukrainian population in Poland in the years 1945-1947 are of some value,[14] the book as a whole is an unsuccessful work.[14] This view is shared by Anjrzej Sowa.[33] Andrzej Leon Sowa[34] In his review, Jared McBride noted the sharp contrast between good quality publications about Ukrainian nationalism published by Western scholars and Viatrovich's The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, which he characterised as "a myopic, poorly researched apology for Ukrainian nationalist violence."[1]

Per Rudling denies the monograph any scholarly value as said he would recommend The Second Polish-Ukrainian war to readers only as an object of comparative studies in far-right revisionism and obfuscation.[23] He also noted that the administration of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, which supported Viatrovich's work with Lebed's archives, "have good reason to ponder the implication of associating Harvard University with this sort of activism".[23]

Viatrovych as a public figure

In May 2016 in Foreign Policy Josh Cohen claimed that Viatrovych was "whitewashing Ukraine's past".[35] In a reply published some weeks later Viatrovych assured Cohen and readers of Foreign Policy that Ukraine's history "was in good hands".[36]

Viatrovych is responsible for an exhumation ban.[37][38] Ukraine doesn't study crime evudences and bans any such research even after 75 years.

Publications

According to Andreas Umland, "Viatrovych did not have then and apparently still does not have any relevant peer-reviewed academic publications"[39]

Monographs

  • Lieutenant "Burlaka" (Sotennyi "Burlaka" - Сотенний "Бурлака"), 2000.
  • UPA Raids on Czechoslovak territory (Rejdy UPA terenamy Chekhoslovachchyny - Рейди УПА теренами Чехословаччини), Lviv, 2001 (the subject of his 2004 Ph.D. thesis).
  • The army of immortals: Insurgents in images (Armiia bezsmertnykh. Povstans'ki svitlyny - Армія безсмертних. Повстанські світлини), Lviv, 2002.
  • OUN attitudes towards the Jews: Formulation of a position against the backdrop of a catastrophe (Stavlennia OUN do ievreiv: formuvannia pozycii na tli katastrofi - Ставлення ОУН до євреїв: формування позиції на тлі катастрофи), Lviv, 2006.
  • Polish-Ukrainian relations, 1942-1947, in the documents of OUN and UPA (ed.) (Pol'sko-ukrains'ki stosunky v 1942-1947 rokakh u dokumentakh OUN ta UPA - Польсько-українські стосунки в 1942—1947 роках у документах ОУН та УПА), Lviv, 2011.
  • The Second Polish-Ukrainian war. 1942-1947 (Druha pol'sko-ukrains'ka viina. 1942-1947 - Друга польсько-українська війна. 1942—1947), Kiev, 2011; expanded edition, 2012.
  • History marked "Classified Material" (Istoriia z hryfom "Sekretno" - Історія з грифом "Секретно"), Kiev, 2011.
  • History marked "Classified Material": New subjects (Istoriia z hryfom "Sekretno": Novi siuzhety - Історія з грифом "Секретно": Нові сюжети), Kiev, 2012.

Collective works

  • V. Viatrovych, R. Hryc'kiv, I. Derevianyi, R. Zabilyi, A. Sova and P.Sodol', The Ukrainian Insurgent Army: a history of the undefeated (Ukrains'ka Povstans'ka Armiia: istoriia neskorenykh - В. В’ятрович, Р. Грицьків, І. Дерев’яний, Р. Забілий, А. Сова, П. Содоль. Українська Повстанська Армія: історія нескорених), Lviv, 2008. (digital version)

Literature

  • Per Anders Rudling: "The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths," The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies, No. 2107, November 2011, ISSN 0889-275X, p. 28-30 [13]
  • Josh Cohen, "The historian whitewashing Ukraine's past", Foreign Policy, 2 May 2016 [14]
  • Volodomyr Viatrovych, "Ukraine's history is in good hands", Foreign Policy, 17 June 2016. Reply to Josh Cohen

References

  1. ^ a b Jared McBride. Who’s Afraid of Ukrainian Nationalism? Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Volume 17, Number 3, Summer 2016, pp. 647-663 (Review) Published by Slavica Publishers DOI: [1]
  2. ^ Biographical note in The Ukrainian Insurgent Army 2008 (in Ukrainian).
  3. ^ a b I. Katchanovski I. "Terrorists or national heroes? Politics and perceptions of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine", Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 48 (2015) 217-228.
  4. ^ Cohen, Josh (2 May 2016). "The Historian Whitewashing Ukraine's Past". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, "Debating, obfuscating and disciplining the Holocaust: post-Soviet historical discourses on the OUN–UPA and other nationalist movements", East European Jewish Affairs, 42:3, pp. 207-208
  6. ^ McBride, Jared (13 August 2015). "How Ukraine's New Memory Commissar Is Controlling the Nation's Past". The Nation. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  7. ^ a b "The New Director of the Ukrainian National Memory Institute says that Historical Memory Policy is a Safeguard Against Repeating the Crimes of the Past", Center for the Study of the Liberation Movement (website), 23 March 2014.
  8. ^ "Yushchenko brings Stalin to court over genocide", RT.com, 14 January 2010.
  9. ^ Mariana Petsukh, "Volodymyr Vyatrovich: 'We are obliged to leave the Maidan as an organised force'," Evropeiska Pravda website, 23 December 2013 (in Ukrainian).
  10. ^ Mariana Petsukh, "Volodymyr Viatrovych: 'We are obliged to leave the Maidan as an organised force'," Evropeiska Pravda website, 23 December 2013 (in Ukrainian).
  11. ^ Halya Coynash, "'Decommunization' in Ukraine Carried Out Using Communist Methods", Human Rights in Ukraine website, 9 June 2016.
  12. ^ President of Ukraine Decree No. 1100/2009 «Про відзначення державними нагородами України»
  13. ^ "The Vasyl Stus prize has gone to a rights activist, a historian and a poet", UNIAN news agency. Other prize-winners that year were rights activist Evgen Zakharov and poet Irina Zhilenko.
  14. ^ a b c d e Гжегож Мотыка. Неудачная книга Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp. 387-402 (Review) DOI:[2] For additional information about this article: [3]
  15. ^ Miller, Alexey; Kasianov, Georgy (2 April 2009). "Россия-Украина: как пишется история / Ukraine-Russia: How history is being written" (in Russian). polit.ru website. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  16. ^ Taras Kuzio, "This is not how Ukrainian history should be debated", The Ukrainian Weekly, 19 May 2013.
  17. ^ Discussion of David Marples, "The Limits of Tolerance", Current Politics in Ukraine website; contribution by Halya Coynash, 3 June 2013.
  18. ^ a b Taras Kuryło, John-Paul Himka, “Iak OUN stavylasia do ievreiv? Rozdumy nad knyzhkoiu Volodymyra Viatrovycha”, Ukraina Moderna 13 (2008), pp.252-265 [4]
  19. ^ John-Paul Himka, "True and False Lessons from the Nachtigall Episode", Brama News and Community Press website, 19 March 2008.
  20. ^ Per A. Rudling, "The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths", The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies, No. 2107, November 2011, ISSN 0889-275X, pp.28-31
  21. ^ Taras Kuryło, John-Paul Himka, “Iak OUN stavylasia do ievreiv?..., p.264
  22. ^ a b [5]
  23. ^ a b c d e f Per Anders Rudling, "Warfare or War Criminality?: Volodymyr V’iatrovych, Druha pol’s’ko-ukains’ka viina, 1942–1947 (Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Kyevo-Mohylians’ka akademiia, 2011). 228 pp.",Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp. 356-381.
  24. ^ a b Андрей Портнов, "Истории для домашнего употребления", Ab Imperio 3/12, p.324-334
  25. ^ Portnov (2012), p. 326.Abstract.
  26. ^ Андрей Портнов, "Истории для домашнего употребления", p. 326
  27. ^ Grzegorz Hryciuk, "Recenzja książki: Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz, Druha polśko-ukrajinśka wijna 1942-1947", [in:] Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, nr 21, pp. 460-471 - "A review of Viatrovych, The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942-1947", in Memory and Justice (in Polish).[6]
  28. ^ Andrzej Leon Sowa, "Recenzja książek: Polśko-ukrajinśki stosunki w 1942-1947 rokach u dokumentach OUN ta UPA, red. Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz oraz Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz, Druha polśko-ukrajinśka wijna 1942-1947," [in:] Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość, nr 21, pp. 450-460 - "A review of Polish-Ukrainian Relations in 1942-1947 (ed. Viatrovych) and The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942-1947", in Memory and Justice (in Polish) [7]
  29. ^ Игорь Ильюшин, Плохо забытое старое: о новой книге Владимира Вятровича, Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp.382-385
  30. ^ Гжегож Мотыка, Неудачная книга, Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp.387-400.
  31. ^ Grzegorz Motyka, W krainie uproszczeń, Nowa Europa Wschodnia 1/2013, pp. 97-101 Ukrainian online version
  32. ^ Анджей Земба, Мифологизированная “война”, Ab Imperio, 1/2012, pp. 403-421
  33. ^ Andrzej Leon Sowa, recenzja książek..., p.459
  34. ^ Andrzej Leon Sowa, recenzja książek: Polśko-ukrajinśki stosunki w 1942-1947 rokach u dokumentach OUN ta UPA, red. Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz oraz Wołodymyr Wiatrowycz, Druha polśko-ukrajinśka wijna 1942-1947, [in:] „Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość”, nr 21, pp. 450-460. [8]
  35. ^ Josh Cohen, "The historian whitewashing Ukraine's past", Foreign Policy, 2 May 2016 [9]
  36. ^ Volodymyr Viatrovych, "Ukraine's history is in good hands", Foreign Policy, 17 June 2016 [10]
  37. ^ [11]
  38. ^ [12]
  39. ^ Umland, A. "The Ukrainian Government’s Memory Institute against the West" IndraStra Global Vol. 03, Issue No: 03 (2016) 0022, http://www.indrastra.com/2017/03/FEATURED-Ukrainian-Gov-s-Memory-Institute-Against-the-West-003-03-2017- 0022.html | ISSN 2381-3652
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