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White Clay Creek State Park

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For the Pennsylvania state park, see White Clay Creek Preserve.

Template:Geobox Protected Area White Clay Creek State Park is a Delaware state park along White Clay Creek on 3,300 acres (1,335 ha) in New Castle County, near Newark, Delaware in the United States. North of the park is Pennsylvania's White Clay Creek Preserve, and the two are operated as bi-state parks to jointly protect the creek, which is federally protected as part of the National Park Service's National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.[1] White Clay Creek State Park offers 30 miles (48 km) of nature and fitness trails which are open to hiking and mountain biking through a number of seasonal day-use fee parking lots. The park also preserves a number of historic structures and operates a nature center. It is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.[2]

History

After World War II, concerns over potential future water shortages in northern Delaware led to proposals to dam the White Clay Creek and flood the surrounding valley to create a reservoir. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company began purchasing land near the creek toward that end.[3][4] In 1956, DuPont purchased the Pennsylvania Railroad Company land and began acquiring additional land in the valley to prevent further residential development. By the early 1960s, the dam proposal had begun moving forward, generating strong community opposition in both states. The opposition was led by local citizens and groups such as the United Automobile Workers union and the Sierra Club, who were concerned about the environmental impact as well as the loss of scenic and recreational open space. The non-profit White Clay Watershed Association was formed in 1965, with the aim of building opposition to the dam.[1][5]

White Clay Creek State Park was established in 1968 as a small recreational park.[6] Encouraged by conservationists throughout the early 1970s, the state purchased over 150 acres (61 ha) of additional adjoining tracts of land to expand the park and protect more land,[7][8][9] and in 1975 the park was renamed as Walter S. Carpenter, Jr. State Park in honor of DuPont's former president and chairman.[10] By the mid-1970s, support for the dam had diminished.

With the dam proposal moribund, the National Park Service encouraged DuPont to donate the land to the two states to form a joint park. Delaware Senator Joe Biden negotiated with DuPont and the states of Delaware and Pennsylvania to facilitate the donation.[1][11] DuPont donated 1,234 acres to Pennsylvania and 528 acres to Delaware to form the bi-state White Clay Creek Preserve.

In 1988, the heirs of S. Hallock du Pont announced they were planning to sell off 850 of the estate's 2,000 acres, which had been held in trust for future generations.[12] Seeking to limit the loss of open space, Governor Michael Castle began the purchase of 321 acres of the land which would connect Walter Carpenter State Park and the White Clay Creek Preserve to the Middle Run Valley Natural Area, a county-run park. In signing the agreement, Castle stated, "This is clearly more than just the land bridge we have been talking about. This means this section of northern Delaware will be protected against overdevelopment."[13][14] The purchase was completed in the early 1990s, and in 1995, Walter S. Carpenter, Jr. State Park, the Delaware portion of the White Clay Creek Preserve, and the du Pont estate lands were joined together and renamed White Clay Creek State Park.[15]

Judge Morris house

In 1998, the state purchased an additional 500 acres of land in the form of the Judge Hugh M. Morris Estate, bordering the Middle Run Valley Natural Area. The purchase brought the park's total size to over 3,000 acres.[16]

In 2000, Congress included the White Clay Creek in the National Park Service's National Wild and Scenic River program. This was the first instance of an entire watershed being so designated as opposed to portions of a river. The designation increases the level of protection on the lands in the valley.[1]

Mason–Dixon Line

Portions of the Mason–Dixon line run through White Clay Creek State Park and the park preserves several historic resources associated with the line. The starting point of the survey, called the "post mark'd west," is situated on the site of a farm located within the park. Charles Mason wrote that, "...the point 15 miles South of the Southernmost Point of the City of Philadelphia is situated in Mill Creek Hundred in the County of Newcastle, in a Plantation belonging to Mr. Alexander Bryan." The spot is marked by a monument donated by S. Hallock du Pont in 1952. The arc corner surveyed by Mason and Dixon is also within the park, and is marked by a monument erected in 1892.[17] Planning is underway on the construction of a trail which will connect White Clay Creek State Park to the 1849 tri-state monument where the borders of Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Maryland meet.[18]

The Mason-Dixon Trail enters the park along a trail from the White Clay Creek Preserve and passes through the preserve on its way towards Newark.

Nearby state parks

Sources

  • "White Clay Creek State Park". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Retrieved 2007-05-23.

References

  1. ^ a b c d "A History of the White Clay Creek". Friends of White Clay Creek Preserve. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  2. ^ Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001). "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth". BioScience. 51 (11): 933–938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Hawk, David. "The Early Years of the White Clay Watershed Association". White Clay Watershed Association. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  4. ^ Kauffman, Gerald. "Remarks at Press Conference by Gerald Kauffman" (PDF). University of Delaware. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  5. ^ Lucas, Carla (15 October 2014). "White Clay Creek State Preserve celebrates 30 years". Chester County Press. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  6. ^ "1960s history". Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on 5 November 2003.
  7. ^ "Delaware Code Online". Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  8. ^ "Delaware Code Online". Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  9. ^ "Delaware Code Online". Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  10. ^ "1970s history". Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on 5 November 2003.
  11. ^ Lucas, Carla. "A History of the Bi-State Advisory Council". White Clay Watershed Association.
  12. ^ "Pressures force sale of du Pont estate". Easton Star-Democrat. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  13. ^ Hallowell, Elizabeth. "Castle Seeks To Use Surplus To Buy And Preserve 8 Tracts". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  14. ^ Thomas, Neil (8 December 1988). "Castle formalizes 9.7 million duPont Purchase" (PDF). Newark Post. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  15. ^ "1990s history". Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008.
  16. ^ "Step Back in Time to a 1939 Holiday Season at White Clay Creek State Park's Judge Morris Estate". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Archived from the original on April 30, 2001. Retrieved 22 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Cassel, Andrea. "Mason and Dixon in Mill Creek". Friends of White Clay Creek State Park. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  18. ^ "The Tri-State Trail". Friends of White Clay Creek Preserve. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
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