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William Eldridge Odom

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William Eldridge Odom
William Eldridge Odom as a Major General
Born(1932-06-23)June 23, 1932
Cookeville, Tennessee
DiedMay 30, 2008(2008-05-30) (aged 75)
Lincoln, Vermont
Allegiance United States of America
Service / branchUnited States Army seal United States Army
Years of service1954–1988
Rank Lieutenant General
CommandsDirector, National Security Agency
Battles / warsCold War
Vietnam War
AwardsDistinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Other work
  • Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute
  • Adjunct professor, Yale University
  • Adjunct professor, Georgetown University

William Eldridge Odom (June 23, 1932 – May 30, 2008) was a retired U.S. Army 3-star general, and former Director of the NSA under President Ronald Reagan, which culminated a 31-year career in military intelligence, mainly specializing in matters relating to the Soviet Union. After his retirement from the military, he became a think tank policy expert and a university professor and became known for his outspoken criticism of the Iraq War and warrantless wiretapping of American citizens. He died of an apparent heart attack at his vacation home in Lincoln, Vermont.[1]

Chronology

Military career

  • 1954 Graduated from the United States Military Academy and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant.
  • 1954–1960, Served in both the United States and West Germany.
  • 1962, Earned a Masters Degree from Columbia University, and married Anne Weld Curtis.
  • 1964–1966, Served as part of the military liaison mission to the Soviet Union at Potsdam, Germany.
  • 1966–1969, Taught at West Point as an assistant professor of government.
  • 1970, Completed a Ph.D. at Columbia.
  • 1970–1971, At this point a Lieutenant Colonel, served in Vietnam, being on the Staff of Plans, Policy, and Programs, and working on the Vietnamization phase of the war.
  • 1971–1972, Odom was a visiting scholar at the Research Institute on Communist Affairs at Columbia.
  • 1972–1974, U.S. assistant military attaché at the United States embassy in Moscow.
  • 1974, Published The Soviet Volunteers: Modernization and Bureaucracy in a Public Mass Organization, (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 360 pp.)
  • 1974–1975, Associate of the Research Institute on International Change at Columbia
  • 1974–1977, Associate professor, Department of Social Science at West Point.
  • 1975–1976, Associate member of the Columbia University Seminar on Communism
  • 1975–1977, Senior research associate, Research Institute on International Change at Columbia
  • 1981, promoted to Major General
  • 1977–1981, Military assistant to Zbigniew Brzezinski, the assistant to the president for national security affairs.
  • 1981–1985, Assistant chief of staff for intelligence, United States Army.
  • 1984, promoted to Lieutenant General.
  • 1985–1988, Director of the National Security Agency, Fort Meade, Maryland

Post-military

Biography

Early in his military career, he observed Soviet military activities while serving as a military liaison in Potsdam, Germany. Later, he taught courses in Russian history at West Point, New York, and while serving at the United States embassy in Moscow in the early 1970s, he visited all of the republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Although constantly trailed by KGB, he nonetheless managed to smuggle out a large portion of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's archive, including the author's membership card for the Writers' Union and Second World War military citations; Solzhenitsyn subsequently paid tribute to Odom's role in his memoir "Invisible Allies" (1995). [1]

Upon returning to the United States, he resumed his career at West Point where he taught courses in Soviet politics. Odom regularly stressed the importance of education for military officers.

In 1977, he was appointed as the military assistant to Zbigniew Brzezinski, the hawkish assistant for national security affairs to President Jimmy Carter. Among the primary issues he focused on were American-Soviet relations, including the SALT nuclear weapons talks, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Iran hostage crisis, presidential directives on the situation in the Persian Gulf, terrorism and hijackings, and the executive order on telecommunications policy.

From 2 November 1981 to 12 May 1985, Odom served as the Army's Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence. From 1985 to 1988, he served as the director of the National Security Agency, the United States' largest intelligence agency, under president Ronald Reagan.

Odom was a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute, where he specialized in military issues, intelligence, and international relations. He was also an adjunct professor at Yale University and Georgetown University, where he taught seminar courses in U.S. National Security Policy and Russian Politics. He earned a national reputation as an expert on the Soviet military.

Since 2005, he had argued that U.S. interests would be best served by an immediate withdrawal from Iraq, having called the 2003 invasion the worst strategic blunder in the history of U.S. foreign policy. He had also been critical of the NSA's warrantless wiretapping of international calls, having said "it wouldn't have happened on my watch".[2] Odom was also openly critical of the Neocon influence in the decision to go to war: "It's pretty hard to imagine us going into Iraq without the strong lobbying efforts from AIPAC [American Israel Public Affairs Committee] and the neocons, who think they know what's good for Israel more than Israel knows." [3]

General Odom is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.[4]

Decorations

Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze star
Expert Infantryman Badge
Parachutist Badge
1st Row Army Distinguished Service Medal Defense Superior Service Medal Legion of Merit
2nd Row Meritorious Service Medal Joint Service Commendation Medal Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster Army of Occupation Medal
3rd Row National Defense Service Medal Vietnam Service Medal with one service star Vietnam Staff Service Medal, 1st Class Vietnam Campaign Medal
Presidential Service Badge

Bibliography

Books

Congressional testimony

Journal publications

Includes pieces in:

  • Foreign Affairs
  • World Politics
  • Foreign Policy
  • Orbis
  • Problems of Communism
  • The National Interest
  • The Washington Quarterly
  • Military Review
  • Journal of Cold War Studies

Television and radio appearances

Also has published newspaper op-ed pieces in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post and others.

Quotes

  • "The president has let (the Iraq war) proceed on automatic pilot, making no corrections in the face of accumulating evidence that his strategy is failing and cannot be rescued. He lets the United States fly further and further into trouble, squandering its influence, money and blood, facilitating the gains of our enemies."[2]
  • "An attempt to extort Congress into providing funds by keeping U.S. forces in peril.. surely would constitute the 'high crime' of squandering the lives of soldiers and Marines for his own personal interest."[3]
  • "As many critics have pointed, out, terrorism is not an enemy. It is a tactic. Because the United States itself has a long record of supporting terrorists and using terrorist tactics, the slogans of today's war on terrorism merely makes the United States look hypocritical to the rest of the world."[6][7]
  • "The invasion of Iraq may well turn out to be the greatest strategic disaster in American history."[4]

References

  1. ^ Schudel, Matt (June 1, 2008). "William E. Odom, 75; Military Adviser to 2 Administrations". The Washington Post.
  2. ^ "Reagan's NSA chief speaks out".
  3. ^ "General Condemnation".
  4. ^ "National Advisory Council". Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
  5. ^ Appearances on C-SPAN
  6. ^ American Hegemony: How to Use It, How to Lose It by Gen. William Odom
  7. ^ American Hegemony How to Use It, How to Lose at Docstoc

General

Government offices
Preceded by Director of the National Security Agency
1985–1988 		Succeeded by
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