X̱á:ytem
| X̲áːytem | |
|---|---|
| Location | Hatzic, Mission, British Columbia, Canada |
| Coordinates | 49°09′05″N 122°15′06″W / 49.15139°N 122.25167°W |
| Current use | Active archaeological site and museum |
| Designated | 4 June 1992 |
X̲áːytem (/ˈhaɪtəm, ˈhɑːɪtəm/) is an indigenous archaeological site and the name of a related museum run under the auspices of the Stoːlo people at Hatzic, British Columbia, Canada. X̲áːytem is approximately 80 kilometres east of Vancouver on Highway 7. It is reached via the bridge at Mission, about 15 kilometres from the border with the US state of Washington. The site was designated in 1992 as a national historic site of Canada, for its spiritual value to the Stoːlo people, as well as being one of the oldest discovered habitation sites at approximately 5000 years old. It is also known as Hatzic Rock.
History
Indigenous peoples occupied this area along the northern bank of the Fraser River for thousands of years. The historic peoples who encountered European colonists were the Stoːlo.
A large moss-covered boulder, known as a transformer rock and of deep spiritual importance, has survived from ancient times. According to tradition, the transformer god XaːIs was traveling through the land and encountered a man who was mistreating his wife. To teach him a lesson, the god transformed him into stone.[1]
Over time, during the years after alienation of native lands by colonization, the site of X̲áːytem had been used as a pasture. The property is adjacent to a highway built in the early 20th century. After it was sold to a developer and initial work on grading the site was begun, concerns about the site's potential archaeological value prompted an examination by Gordon Mohs. This led to the dramatic finding that it was immensely ancient, and it has been ranked among the oldest-known habitation sites in North America.
Following the discovery, the government arranged to transfer the land to the Stoːlo, the First Nation that has historically been in the area, for archaeological and museum purposes. It paid the erstwhile owner compensation for his lost opportunity in development; an extensive residential subdivision had been planned. The Stoːlo have built a museum, the X̲áːytem Longhouse Interpretive Centre, to educate visitors about the site.
Excavations have been carried out in consultation with the Stoːlo. Researchers have found at the habitation site "evidence of rectangular pit/ longhouses of long-term occupation with remains of post, hearth and floor features, trade goods, storage, food, and spiritual activity."[2]
See also
- Archaeology of the Americas
- Arlington Springs Man - (Human remains)
- Calico Early Man Site - (Archeological site)
- Cueva de las Manos - (Cave paintings)
- Buhl Woman - (Human remains)
- Fort Rock Cave - (Archeological site)
- Kennewick Man - (Human remains)
- Kwäday Dän Ts'ìnchi - (Human remains)
- Marmes Rockshelter - (Archeological site)
- Luzia Woman - (Human remains)
- Mummy Cave - (Archeological site)
- Paisley Caves - (Archeological site)
References
- ^ Sandra Shields, "T'xwelatse Comes Home", Seattle Times, 28 January 2007, accessed 16 September 2013
- ^ X̲áːytem / Hatzic Rock National Historic Site of Canada Archived September 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, accessed 16 September 2013
External links
- X̲á:ytem Longhouse Interpretive Centre
- A Journey into a New Land, Simon Fraser University Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, 2005, scientific documentary
- A Journey into Time Immemorial, Simon Fraser University Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, 2008, cultural and artistic account of ancient peoples