X46Cr13
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X46Cr13 is the European Norm name for a common martensitic stainless steel with the numeric name 1.4034. It is equivalent to American Iron and Steel Institute standard 420C. It has the highest carbon content of the SAE 420 series.[1][2][3]
Properties[edit]
X46Cr13 has good workability when hot, and potential to reach high hardness of up to 56 HRC.[4][5] It contains a moderately high carbon ratio of approximately 0.46% which gives it a good compromise between high hardness and corrosion resistance for many applications.[6][7][8] It is also relatively inexpensive to produce.
X46Cr13 is a basic steel without molybdenum, nitrogen or vanadium. It can be outperformed (typically at a higher cost) by more advanced steels like N680 with similar carbon content.[9][10]
Uses[edit]
Common uses include:
- knife blades,[11][12][13][14][15][16]
- surgical instruments,[17][18][19][20]
- bearings,[21][22]
- valves and pumps,[22]
- measuring devices
- spring wire.[23]
It is also used in the manufacture of heat treated steel pipes used for CO2 carbon capture and storage.[24][25][26][27]
A commercial variant of X46Cr13 with some Vanadium is known as 420HC and is used in the knife industry because of its ability to hold a superior edge.[28]
An NHTSA recall was issued by Porsche for spherical joints utilized in 2003-2005 Porsche Carrera GT models due to long term intergranular corrosion.[29]
Standards[edit]
- EN numeric : 1.4034
- EN symbolic : X46Cr13
- Old AFNOR : Z40C13, Z44C14
- AISI : 420C
- ASTM : F899
- UNS : S 42000
- JIS : SUS420
- GOST : 40Ch13 ou 40X13
- PN : 4H13
Composition[edit]
According to EN 10088.[30]
- Carbon : 0.46 % (–0.03 / +0.04)
- Chromium : 13% (–0.5 / +0.5)
- Silicium < 1%
- Manganese < 1%
- Phosphorus < 0.04 %
- Sulfur < 0.03 %
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Stainless steels, table of technical properties Euro Inox
- ^ Stainless Steel Grades Datasheets BRITISH STAINLESS STEEL ASSOCIATION
- ^ "AMS5506G: Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 13Cr (0.30 - 0.40C) (420) Annealed - SAE International". www.sae.org.
- ^ "Lucefin's 1.4034 datasheet" (PDF).
- ^ Zvi. "DIN X46Cr13 Knife Steel Composition Analysis Graph, Equivalents And Overview Version 4.35". www.zknives.com. Retrieved 2018-10-30.
- ^ Comparison between X5CrNiCuNb16 and X46Cr13 under Corrosion Fatigue Marcus Wolf
- ^ Brebbia, C. A.; Longhurst, J. W. S. (26 May 2010). Air Pollution XVIII. WIT Press. ISBN 9781845644505 – via Google Books.
- ^ Properties that Characterize the Material X46Cr13 Steel 8nd International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing
- ^ X46Cr13 datasheet Make it from
- ^ How good is N680 steel Knife Up
- ^ X46Cr13 datasheet ZKnives
- ^ Marsot, Jacques; Claudon, Laurent; Jacqmin, Marc (2007). "Assessment of knife sharpness by means of a cutting force measuring system". Applied Ergonomics. 38 (1): 83–89. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2005.12.007. PMID 16579952.
- ^ "Method for cutting or punching ceramic-containing composite materials".
- ^ Knife Blades: Common Steels Explained (under 420 HC) Gear Junkie
- ^ Knife Blade Materials (under 420HC) Knife center
- ^ Knife Steel FAQ (under 420HC) ZKnives
- ^ "420 C Instruments Medical instruments AISI 420 C L.Klein SA". www.kleinmetals.ch.
- ^ Haag, Reiner; Storz, Wilfried (2011). "Surgical Scissors". Springer Handbook of Medical Technology. pp. 1291–1319. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74658-4_72. ISBN 978-3-540-74657-7.
- ^ Radulescu, Radu; Badila, Adrian; Moldovan, Laurentiu; Gheorghiu, Doina; Manolescu, Robert (2013). "Design, Manufacturing and Testing of a Mosaicplasty Set of Instruments". Metalurgia International. 18 (5): 45–48.
- ^ CURRENT TRENDS IN COMMODITY SCIENCE
- ^ "AISI 420C STAINLESS STEEL BALLS". www.rgpballs.com.
- ^ a b ISSF : Martensitic Stainless Steels
- ^ 1.4034 steel wire datasheet Jacques Allemann
- ^ Pfennig, Anja; Zastrow, Phillip; Kranzmann, Axel (2013). "Supercritical CO2-Corrosion in Heat Treated Steel Pipes during Carbon Capture and Storage CCS". Clean Energy Systems in the Subsurface: Production, Storage and Conversion. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. pp. 39–51. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37849-2_4. ISBN 978-3-642-37848-5.
- ^ Pfennig, A.; Wiegand, R.; Wolf, M.; Bork, C.-P. (2013). "Corrosion and corrosion fatigue of AISI 420C (X46Cr13) at 60°C in CO2-saturated artificial geothermal brine". Corrosion Science. 68: 134–143. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2012.11.005.
- ^ Oleksandra, Yevtushenko; Ralph, Bäßler; Irene, Carrillo-Salgado (17 March 2013). "Corrosion Stability of Piping Steels in a Circulating Supercritical Impure CO2 Environment".
- ^ Yevtushenko, O.; Bettge, D.; Bäßler, R.; Bohraus, S. (2015). "Corrosion of CO2transport and injection pipeline steels due to the condensation effects caused by SO2and NO2impurities". Materials and Corrosion. 66 (4): 334–341. doi:10.1002/maco.201307368.
- ^ 420HC datasheet ZKnives
- ^ "Part 573 Safety Recall Report 23V-241" (PDF).
- ^ "CEN - Technical Bodies -". standards.cen.eu.