Yesterday's Enemy

Yesterday's Enemy
Original American release film poster
Directed by	Val Guest
Written by	Peter R. Newman
Produced by	Michael Carreras
Starring	Stanley Baker Gordon Jackson
Cinematography	Arthur Grant
Edited by	Alfred Cox James Needs
Music by	None
Production company	Hammer Film Productions
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures Hammer Films
Release dates	July 11, 1959 (1959-07-11) Japan; March 3, 1960 (1960-03-03) U.S.
Running time	95 min
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English

Yesterday's Enemy is a 1959 Hammer Films British war film in MegaScope directed by Val Guest and starring Stanley Baker, Guy Rolfe, Leo McKern and Gordon Jackson set in the Burma Campaign during World War II. It is based on a 1958 BBC teleplay by Peter R. Newman, who turned it into a three-act play in 1960. Gordon Jackson repeated his role from the BBC teleplay as Sgt. Ian Mackenzie. Columbia Pictures co-produced the film with Hammer Films in an agreement for five co-productions a year with Columbia providing half the finance. The film was shot on indoor sets in black and white and Megascope. The film has no musical score. Director Val Guest later said that Yesterday's Enemy was one of his films of which he was the most proud. In 2013, film magazine Total Film included Yesterday's Enemy in their list of 50 Amazing Films You've Probably Never Seen.

The TV play was reportedly based on a war crime perpetrated by a British army captain in Burma in 1942.

Plot

The lost remnants of a British Army Brigade headquarters make their way through the Burmese jungle, retreating from the Japanese. The group, numbering over thirty, is led by Captain Langford because the most senior officer, the Brigadier, is one of several who are wounded. The group arrives at a small village which is enemy-occupied. After a short but costly battle, the small group of Japanese in the village is wiped out.

Amongst the Japanese dead is a full Colonel, an unusually high-ranking officer to be with such a small group. The dead officer possesses a map with unknown markings. A Burmese man is caught trying to flee and he is revealed to be an informer employed by the Japanese. Langford interrogates the man about the dead Colonel and the map and when he refuses to talk, Langford selects two adult males from amongst the villagers, saying he will have them both executed if the informer does not co-operate. The villagers plead for mercy and the Doctor, a civilian correspondent named Max and the Padre angrily protest at Langford's decision but the Captain is un-moved. The two hostages are killed by Langford's men, prompting the informer to begin devulging what he knows. The map contains plans for a major Japanese flanking attack which aims to cut off the British army from its supply lines and leave it surrounded. Langford is anxious to send a warning back to British lines but the group's radio has been damaged.

Langford orders Sgt McKenzie to execute the informer and then announces that the British wounded are to be left behind so as not to impede the group's progress back to Allied territory. The Doctor, along with Max and the Padre, are enraged by the decision but the dying Brigadier and the other wounded agree to remain in the village. The group's presence in the village is discovered by enemy scouts so Langford decides to send Sgt Mckenzie, the Doctor and two others back to British HQ to raise the alarm, thinking a smaller group will have a better chance of getting through whilst the remainder of the group will remain to defend the village and delay the enemy as long as possible. Langford offers Max and the Padre the chance to go with them but the latter both refuse, suggesting that another two men go in their place. Mckenzie's group leave the village but they are soon ambushed and all are killed.

Langford takes a party of men out to ambush the approaching Japanese, leaving Lt Hastings and the others to defend the village. The surviving Burmese evacuate, an English-speaking woman remarking bitterly to Hastings, 'Japanese, British- all the same'. After a bloody engagement, Langford's group are all killed or captured. The enemy, using the POWs as a human shield, approach the village but Langford shouts at Hastings to open fire. Just before the village falls, the radio operators manage to send out a weak signal from the repaired set to alert HQ of the enemy's plans, although it is not clear if the message gets through. The handful of surviving British are now all POWs. The Japanese commander, Major Yamazaki, who speaks English, demands to know about the missing Colonel and the map, suspecting that Langford knows about the attack plans.

Yamazaki lines up all of the prisoners in front of a firing squad and informs Langford that unless he agrees to talk, the Major will order his troops to shoot them. Given just two minutes to make his choice, Langford bolts towards the transmitter in an attempt to signal HQ but he is shot dead. Impressed by Langford's courage, Yamazaki bows to his corpse, saying 'I would have done the same' whilst outside, the Padre calmly leads the other prisoners in the Lord's Prayer as they await their execution. The final image is a silent shot of the Btitish war memorial in Burma.

Other information

The film ends with the Kohima epitaph:

When You Go Home, Tell Them Of Us And Say,
For Your Tomorrow, We Gave Our Today

The verse is attributed to John Maxwell Edmonds (1875–1958), and is thought to have been inspired by the epitaph written by Simonides to honour the Spartans who fell at the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC.

Cast

• Stanley Baker as Captain Langford
• Guy Rolfe as Padre
• Leo McKern as Max
• Gordon Jackson as Sergeant MacKenzie
• David Oxley as Doctor
• Richard Pasco as 2nd Lieutenant Hastings
• Philip Ahn as Yamazuki
• Bryan Forbes as Dawson
• Wolfe Morris as The informer
• David Lodge as Perkins
• Percy Herbert as Wilson
• Russell Waters as Brigadier
• Barry Lowe as Turner
• Burt Kwouk as Japanese Soldier
• Timothy Bateson as Simpson (uncredited)
• Edwina Carroll as Suni (uncredited)
• Alan Keith as Bendish (uncredited)
• Arthur Lovegrove as Patrick (uncredited)

Critical Response

Terence Pettigrew (writing in 1982) wrote "Yesterday's Enemy was criticised at the time for its depiction of British Army cruelty to the natives in a progressively desperate fight to survive. Nothing is done to soften the harshness of armed conflict on all concerned. and the film delivers its strong anti-war message without flinching from the task."

Andrew Spicer (writing in 2001) wrote '(Stanley) Baker's officer hero Langford in Yesterday's Enemy is no gentleman. Langford's dilemma is that he feels he must break the Geneva Convention and kill civilians in order to obtain the information that may save many lives. Langford's men dislike him, the padre and the liberal war correspondent denounce him, but they all know he is their only chance of survival.'

Julian Upton, reviewing the film's 2009 DVD release, singled out Baker's performance. 'The film is worth seeing for Baker's performance alone. A kind of proto Peckinpah anti-hero, he'll commit war crime for the greater good of the operation.....but he'll risk his life to save men he's never civil to.'

External links

• Yesterday's Enemy at IMDb
• Yesterday's Enemy at AllMovie
• Yesterday's Enemy at the TCM Movie Database
• Yesterday's Enemy at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films