Z. b. V.
z. b. V. (also z.b.V., ZBV, ZbV, and zbV) is an abbreviation for the German phrase zur besonderen Verwendung,[1] or alternatively the synonymous phrase zur besonderen Verfügung.[2][3]
Translation
[edit]Translations for the phrases zur besonderen Verwendung and zur besonderen Verfügung include:
Uses
[edit]Economy
[edit]During World War II, some German state-controlled businesses in the civilian and military economy received the z. b. V. designation.[6]
Wehrmacht
[edit]In the Wehrmacht, the German armed forces during World War II, officer staffs designated z. b. V. had no subordinate combat troops. Those staffs stood by in general reserves or in the reserves of particular armies or army groups and waited to be activated as the staffs of new combat units.[7] The German air force had similar z. b. V. staffs for regional air defense purposes, the Luftgaustäbe.[8]
Next to officer staffs, singular officers could also be designated z. b. V., such as Gen. z.b.V.b. ObdH, General zur besonderen Verfügung beim Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres, 'general attached to the commander-in-chief of the army'.[9]
In 1941, Wehrmacht probationary and punishment units started also to receive the z.b.V. designation. Such units were made up of men that were convicted of minor and disciplinary offenses and had a specific criteria for joining. However, as the war progressed, the criteria would soon be limited only to fitness for combat and mental health. By the war's end, almost all of the requirements were dropped, and the units were filled with men completely unfit for combat, which made them lose any effectiveness.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "z. b. V." Duden (in German). Retrieved 19 Feb 2020.
- ^ "ABKÜRZUNG ZBV". Woxikon (in German). Retrieved 19 Feb 2020.
- ^ Boog, Horst; et al. (1998). The Attack on the Soviet Union. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. xxiii. ISBN 0198228864.
- ^ "ZBV". dict.cc. Retrieved 19 Feb 2020.
- ^ Deist, Wilhelm; et al. (1990). The Build-up of German Aggression. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 1. Translated by Falla, P. S. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. xxvi. ISBN 019822866X.
- ^ Boog, Horst; et al. (1998). The Attack on the Soviet Union. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 155. ISBN 0198228864.
- ^ Tessin, Georg (1977). Die Waffengattungen - Gesamtübersicht. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 1. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag. pp. 104–105. ISBN 3764810971.
- ^ Boog, Horst; et al. (1998). The Attack on the Soviet Union. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 360. ISBN 0198228864.
- ^ Kroener, Bernhard R.; et al. (2000). Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power: Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1939–1941. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 5–1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198228872.
- ^ Zapotoczny, Walter S. Jr (2017-12-17). Strafbattalion:: Hitler's Penal Battalions. Fonthill Media. pp. 62, 64, 72–75. ISBN 978-1781556474.
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