Z flag
The Z flag is one of the international maritime signal flags.
International maritime signal flag
In the system of international maritime signal flags, part of the International Code of Signals, the Z flag stands for the letter Z ("Zulu" in the NATO Alphabet) when used in letter-by-letter alphabetic communication. When used alone, it means "I require a tug" or, when used by fishing vessels near fishing grounds, "I am shooting nets".
The Z flag when combined with four number flags (The leading two denoting hours, the trailing two denoting minutes) indicates Z Time (also called Zulu Time), a military and maritime term for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (formerly called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)). Thus this would mean 0800Z ("zero eight hundred zulu") equivalent to 08:00 UTC:[1]
Or, more likely, the same information would be conveyed using repeat flags:
Under yacht racing rules, display of the Z flag indicates that a particular false start rule, the 20% Penalty Rule 30.2, is in effect: a boat on the course side (OCS) – that is, over the starting line – during the minute before the start will receive a 20% scoring penalty.[2]
At other times and in other flag protocols the Z flag may have or have had other meanings.
In Japan
Military uses
The Z flag has special meaning in Japan (as well as in naval history generally) due to its connection with and symbolizing of the great Japanese victory at the Battle of Tsushima.
At the Battle of Tsushima on May 27, 1905, Admiral Tōgō raised a Z flag on his flagship, the Mikasa.[3] By prearrangement, this flag flown alone meant "The fate of the Empire rests on the outcome of this battle. Let each man do his utmost". The Battle of Tsushima was one of the most important naval battles of history and this signal is, along with Nelson's signal "England expects that every man will do his duty" at the Battle of Trafalgar, one of the two most famous naval flag signals; the battle is of especial importance in Japanese national mythology.
The Z flag was raised on Vice-Admiral Nagumo's flagship Akagi before the aircraft were flown off for the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor (called Operation Z in its planning stages), explicitly referencing Tōgō's historic victory.[3][4][5][6]
The carrier turned to port and headed into the northerly wind. The battle flag was now added to the 'Z' flag flying at the masthead... On the flight deck a green lamp was waved in a circle to signal 'Take off!'
— Mitsuo Fuchida, I Led the Air Attack on Pearl Harbor[7]
John Toland, in his Pulitzer Prize-winning work The Rising Sun, maintains, though, that the Z flag was raised only briefly:
Admiral Kusaka ordered the Z flag raised above the Akagi. This was an exact copy of the one Togo had used at Tsusima, but in the intervening years it had become an ordinary tactical signal... several staff officers, including Genda, protested when they saw it go up. It would cause confusion. Reluctantly Kusaka revoked the command and ordered another flag raised that vaguely resembled Togo's signal.
— John Toland, The Rising Sun[8]
According to Toland, the Z flag was also raised on the Akagi at the Battle of Midway and from the doomed flagship Zuikaku of Ozawa's sacrificial Northern Force at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.[9]
Other sources maintain that the D and G flags together had, in 1941, the same meaning as the Z flag in 1905, and it was these flags that were raised at Pearl Harbor.[10]
From 1905 to 1945, the Z flag was used as an unofficial naval ensign. This practice was revived in 2011.[citation needed] Planes of the 3rd squadron of the 252nd Naval Air Group wore the Z flag on their vertical stabilizers during the Pacific War.[citation needed]
Other uses
During Project Z, the development of the Nissan Z-car which broke open the American market for Japanese automobile exports, project leader Yutaka Katayama presented an inspirational Z flag to his team.[11] During the strong yen crisis[clarification needed], the Nagasaki yards of Oshima Shipbuilding flew the Z flag to inspire the workers.[citation needed] The logo of the Japanese multinational corporation Zuken is partly based on the Z flag.[12]
The Z flag is sometimes waved by fans at Japanese sporting events as an exhortation to victory for their favored team.[citation needed] It is also used as a symbol by some fringe right-wing groups in Japan.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ "Z – Zulu Time Zone (Military Time)". timeanddate.com. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "Yacht Racing Rules". Yacht Racing.com. Retrieved February 25, 2015. — "Race Signals" (PDF). Racing Rules of Sailing — 2013–2016. International Sailing Federation. 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
- ^ a b Carpenter, Ronald H. (2004). Rhetoric In Martial Deliberations And Decision Making: Cases And Consequences. University of South Carolina Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-1570035555. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- ^ Dower, John W. Cultures of War: Pearl Harbor / Hiroshima / 9-11 / Iraq. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 53. ISBN 978-0393340686. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Slackman, Michael (1990). Target: Pearl Harbor. University of Hawaii Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0824811235. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- ^ Lord, Walter (1957). Day of Infamy. Henry Holt and Co. p. 21. ISBN 978-0805068030. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
- ^ Fuchida, Mitsuo (2004). "I Led the Air Attack on Pearl Harbor". In Stillwell, Paul (ed.). Air Raid, Pearl Harbor!: Recollections of a Day of Infamy. Naval Institute Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0870210860.
- ^ Toland, John (1970). The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945. Modern Library War. p. 333. ISBN 978-0812968583. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Toland 1970, p. 880.
- ^ "Countdown to Infamy: Part Three". Timeline to Pearl Harbor. Retrieved February 25, 2015. [better source needed]
- ^ Jackson Sellers (August 7, 2002). "Mr. K and the Z Are Back". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 24, 2015. [better source needed]
- ^ "コーポレートフィロソフィ". Zuken website. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
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