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Echeveria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Echeveria
Echeveria elegans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Crassulaceae
Subfamily: Sempervivoideae
Tribe: Sedeae
Genus: Echeveria
DC.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms

Courantia Lem.

  • Oliveranthus Rose
  • Oliverella Rose
  • Urbinia Rose

Echeveria is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, native to semi-desert areas of Central America, Mexico and northwestern South America.

Description

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Plants may be evergreen or deciduous. Flowers on short stalks (cymes) arise from compact rosettes of succulent fleshy, often brightly coloured leaves.[2] Species are polycarpic, meaning that they may flower and set seed many times over the course of their lifetimes. Often numerous offsets are produced, and are commonly known as "hen and chicks", which can also refer to other genera, such as Sempervivum, that are significantly different from Echeveria.

Many species of Echeveria serve important environmental roles, such as those of host plants for butterflies. For example, the butterfly Callophrys xami uses several species of Echeveria, such as Echevelia gibbiflora, for suitable host plants. Even more, these plants are integral to the oviposition process of C. xami and some other butterfly species as well.[3][4]

Etymology

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Echeveria is named for Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy, a botanical illustrator who contributed to Flora Mexicana.[5]

Taxonomy

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The genus was erected by A. P. de Candolle in 1828, and is named after the 18th century Mexican botanical artist Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy. As of June 2018, the genus consists of about 150 species, including genera such as Oliveranthus and Urbinia that have formerly been split off from Echeveria.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have repeatedly shown the genus not to be monophyletic: species of Echeveria cluster with species of Cremnophila, Graptopetalum, Pachyphytum, and Thompsonella as well as species of Sedum sect. Pachysedum. The former Urbinia species do appear to form a monophyletic group within this grouping.[6][7] Although it is clear that Echeveria is not monophyletic, its limits are not clear, and further analyses are needed to determine whether and how the genus should be split, or if it should be included in an expanded concept of Sedum.[7]

Species

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The International Crassulaceae Network accepts the following species:[8]

Cultivation

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Echeveria secunda

Many Echeveria species are popular as ornamental garden plants. They are drought-resistant, although they do better with regular deep watering and fertilizing. Most will tolerate shade and some frost, although hybrids tend to be less tolerant. Most lose their lower leaves in winter; as a result, after a few years, the plants lose their compact appearance and need to be re-rooted or propagated. In addition, if not removed, the shed leaves may decay, harboring fungus that can then infect the plant.

Echeveria laui - a species with round, glaucous leaves
E. gibbiflora
Echeveria nodulosa - painted echeveria

Propagation

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They can be propagated easily by separating offsets, but also by leaf cuttings, and by seed if they are not hybrids.

Cultivars and Hybrids

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Echeveria has been extensively bred and hybridized. The following is a selection of available plants.

  • 'Arlie Wright'
  • 'Black Prince'
  • 'Blue Heron'
  • 'Blue Surprise' (E. × gilva)
  • 'Crimson Tide'
  • 'Dondo'
  • 'Doris Taylor'
  • 'Ebony' (E. agavoides cultivar)
  • 'Frank Reinelt'
  • 'Hoveyi'
  • 'Lipstick' (E. agavoides cultivar)
  • 'Oliver' (E. pulvinata cultivar)
  • 'Opalina'
  • 'Painted Lady'
  • 'Perle von Nürnberg'
  • 'Paul Bunyan'
  • 'Red' (E. × gilva)
  • 'Ruberia'
  • 'Set-Oliver'
  • 'Tippy'
  • 'Victor Reiter' (E. agavoides cultivar)
  • 'Wavy Curls'
  • 'Worfield Wonder' (E. × derosa)

Award winning

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Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg'

The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[9]

  • Echeveria agavoides[10]
  • Echeveria chihuahuaensis[11]
  • Echeveria derenbergii[12]
  • Echeveria elegans[13]
  • Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg'[14]
  • Echeveria runyonii 'Topsy Turvy'[15]
  • Echeveria secunda var. glauca 'Compton Carousel'[16]
  • Echeveria setosa[17]
  • Echeveria × bombycina[18]

Formerly in Echeveria

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  • Flowers of Echeveria 'Blue Curl'
    Flowers of Echeveria 'Blue Curl'
  • Echeveria cv. 'Black Prince'
    Echeveria cv. 'Black Prince'
  • The flowers of E. pulvinata are in bright yellowish orange color.
    The flowers of E. pulvinata are in bright yellowish orange color.
  • Echeveria secunda
    Echeveria secunda
  • 2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition, Taiwan.[9] Echeveria 'Black Prince'.
    2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition, Taiwan.[19][20] Echeveria 'Black Prince'.
  • Sculptural quality of Echeveria on display
    Sculptural quality of Echeveria on display
  • Echeveria "Compton Carousel"
    Echeveria "Compton Carousel"
  • Close-up of leaves (~3.5 cm (1.4 in))
    Close-up of leaves (~3.5 cm (1.4 in))

References

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  1. ^ "Genus: Echeveria DC". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-13. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  2. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  3. ^ Opler, Paul A. (1999). A Field Guide to Western Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 218–219. ISBN 0395791510.
  4. ^ Ziegler, J. Benjamin; Escalante, Tarsicio (1964). "Observations on the Life History of Callophrys Xami (Lycaenidae)" (PDF). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 18 (2): 85–89.
  5. ^ Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). p. 149
  6. ^ Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo; Sosa, Victoria & Mort, Mark E. (2009), "Molecular phylogeny of the Acre clade (Crassulaceae): Dealing with the lack of definitions for Echeveria and Sedum", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53 (1): 267–276, Bibcode:2009MolPE..53..267C, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.022, PMID 19482091
  7. ^ a b Vázquez-Cotero, Carlos; Sosa, Victoria & Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo (2017), "Phylogenetic position of Echeveria heterosepala (Crassulaceae): a rare species with diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum", Botanical Sciences, 95 (3): 515–526, doi:10.17129/botsci.1190
  8. ^ "International Crassulaceae Network".
  9. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 34. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  10. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria agavoides". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  11. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria chihuahuaensis". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  12. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria derenbergii". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  13. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria elegans". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  14. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria 'Perle von Nürnberg'". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  15. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria runyonii 'Topsy Turvy'". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  16. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria secunda var. glauca 'Compton Carousel'". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  17. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria setosa". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  18. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echeveria × bombycina". Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  19. ^ "2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition « Landezine International Landscape Award LILA". Retrieved 2023-06-20.
  20. ^ "Cây sen đá". Retrieved 20 June 2023.
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