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Mary Fiennes, Baroness Dacre

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Mary Neville
Baroness Dacre
Mary Neville by Hans Eworth, 1555-1558, with an inset portrait of her first husband Thomas Fiennes dated a year before his death.
Born1524
Died1576 (aged 51–52)
Noble familyNeville (by birth)
Fiennes (by marriage)
Spouse(s)
IssueThomas Fiennes
Gregory Fiennes, 10th Baron Dacre
Margaret Fiennes, 11th Baroness Dacre
FatherGeorge Neville, 5th Baron Bergavenny
MotherLady Mary Stafford
Mary Nevill and her son Gregory Fiennes by Hans Eworth, 1559

Mary Fiennes, Baroness Dacre (1524 – 1578+[1]) was the daughter of George Neville, 5th Baron Bergavenny by his third wife, Lady Mary Stafford, youngest daughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham.[2]

Life

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In 1536 she married Thomas Fiennes, 9th Baron Dacre (c. 1515–1541). Both Lord and Lady Dacre were among the party appointed to meet Anne of Cleves and welcome her to England.[2][3] In 1558, Mary Neville Fiennes, Lady Dacre, assisted at the funeral of Mary I.[3]

By her first husband, Lady Dacre was the mother of:[4]

Lord Dacre was convicted of the murder of a gamekeeper and hanged as a common criminal at Tyburn in 1541. The family was stripped of its lands and titles by Henry VIII.[2]

In the following years, Mary battled to have the properties restored on behalf of her children,[4] and on her ascension in 1558 Elizabeth restored the title of Baron Dacre to Mary's second son Gregory,[2] her eldest son Thomas having died of the plague at age 15.[5]

Lady Dacre married twice after her first husband's death and had several other children about whom little is known. Her second marriage was to John Wooton or Wotton of St. Clere's manor in North Tuddenham, Norfolk,[6][2] (a relative of the Le Strange family of Hunstanton), whom she wed some time before 18 May 1546.[4] After his death, she married Francis Thursby of Congham in Norfolk.[6][2] He was the son of Thomas Thursby (d.1543) of Ashwicken, and the grandson of Thomas Thursby (d.1510), thrice Mayor of King's Lynn, and had six additional children.[6]

Lady Dacre took part in the funeral procession of Mary I on 14 December 1558.[7]

A petition made by her son Gregory, Lord Dacre, to Queen Elizabeth I in 1559, mentions that Lady Dacre had in 1559 three living sons and three daughters by her third husband, Francis Thursby of Congham. The author references an MS. petition by her son Gregory, Lord Dacre to Queen Elizabeth I in 1559.[8]

Samson Lennard, who married Lady Dacre's daughter Margaret Fiennes, later 11th Baroness Dacre, kept some of Francis Thursby's papers, endorsing them as "Notes of olde Mr. Thorisbye".[9]

Portraits

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Lady Dacre is the sitter in two significant portraits by Hans Eworth.[4] Susan E. James writes of the first of these portraits:

This work is powerful in its message, striking in its design and quite possibly the first protest painting to be executed in England. The rich background and clear colors used in the draperies and furniture set off the somber mood and mourning gown of the sitter. Dressed as an icon of virtuous widowhood despite her ongoing marriage to Francis Thursby, Mary sits sober and erect in a chair of estate, posed in front of gathered green draperies and a busy tapestry featuring vines of roses, the flower of virtue and, parenthetically, the emblem of the Tudors.[4]

Of the 1559 portrait by Hans Eworth, with her son Gregory, Susan E. James writes:

In order to commemorate Gregory's majority in 1559 and in anticipation of the return of his inheritance by the crown, Mary commissioned Has Eworth to paint another portrait. Like Lady Anne Clifford's Great Picture, this work is a memorial to one woman's legal success in the securing of the family estates. The painting Mary Neville commissioned is the unusual double portrait of herself and her son, Gregory, now on loan to the National Portrait Gallery, which has been called "one of the finest works to be painted in Britain in the mid-sixteenth century".[4]

The Wrest Park Portrait – Recently identified as Mary Neville Fiennes, Lady Dacre

Recently, the Wrest Park Portrait, long said to be of Lady Jane Grey, has been identified as Mary Neville Fiennes, Lady Dacre, by Dr. John Stephan Edwards. Edwards dates the Wrest Park Portrait to 1545–1549, the early years of her widowhood after the death of her husband,[6] and gives this description:

Together the NPG and Ottawa portraits depict the second and third acts of a life-drama involving the execution of Lady Dacre's first husband and her severely reduced circumstances as a young widow, her long and determined struggle to regain lost wealth, lands, titles and status, and the ultimate success of her quest. Missing from the visual record, however, is the first act of Mary Fiennes’s story: her relative impoverishment as a new widow with three children to support.[6]

The portrait of Mary Neville Fiennes, Lady Dacre and her son Gregory was misidentified as Lady Jane Grey's mother Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, and her second husband, Adrian Stokes for centuries.[10]

It is Mary Neville Fiennes, Lady Dacre who is the representative of Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk in Parliament. She is among the Tudor-era figures portrayed on the walls of the Prince's Chamber in the Palace of Westminster.[11]

Dedications

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Mary Neville Fiennes, Lady Dacre as the Marchioness of Dorset in the Houses of Parliament

In 1578, her brother-in-law, Henry Wotton (not to be confused with Sir Henry Wotton), the brother of her late second husband, published A Courtlie Controversie of Cupids Cantils containing five Tragicall Historyes by three Gentlemen and two Gentlewomen, a translation he had made from the French of a collection of Italian romance stories. He dedicated this work to Lady Dacre.[12]

Ancestry

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Notes

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  1. ^ Emerson, Kathy Lynn (11 October 2020). A Who's Who of Tudor Women. Kathy Lynn Emerson.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cokayne, George E. (George Edward); Howard de Walden, Thomas Evelyn Scott-Ellis; Warrand, Duncan; Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H. Arthur (Herbert Arthur); White, Geoffrey H. (Geoffrey Henllan) (1910). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct, or dormant. Harold B. Lee Library. London : The St. Catherine Press, ltd.
  3. ^ a b Levin, Carole; Bertolet, Anna Riehl; Carney, Jo Eldridge (3 November 2016). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts, 1500-1650. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-315-44071-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g James, Susan E. (5 July 2017). "The Feminine Dynamic in English Art, 1485?603 ": "Women as Consumers, Patrons and Painters ". Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-54460-3.
  5. ^ a b c d Cokayne, George Edward (1895). The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 6).
  6. ^ a b c d e Edwards, Dr. John Stephan (January 2014). "Framing a Life in Portraits: A 'New' Portrait of Mary Nevill Fiennes, Lady Dacre". The British Art Journal. XIV (2): 14–20.
  7. ^ Thomas Hearne, De rebus Britannicis collectanea, vol. 5 (London, 1774), p. 317
  8. ^ Barrett-Lennard, Thomas (1908). An account of the families of Lennard and Barrett. Duke University Libraries. [London : Printed by Spottiswoode and Co. Ltd]. p. 207.
  9. ^ Barrett-Lennard, Thomas (1908). An account of the families of Lennard and Barrett. Duke University Libraries. [London : Printed by Spottiswoode and Co. Ltd]. pp. 186–187.
  10. ^ "Frances, Duchess of Suffolk and her Husband Adrian Stokes Esquire | British Museum". The British Museum. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Frances Brandon, The Marchioness of Dorset (1517-1559) - Explore-Parliament.net". www.explore-parliament.net. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  12. ^ "N". A Who’s Who of Tudor Women. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Cokayne, George Edward (1887). The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 1).
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cokayne, George Edward (1889). The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 2).
  15. ^ Cokayne, George Edward (1887). The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 1).
  16. ^ a b Roger Virgoe[ (ed.), The Will of Hugh atte Fenne, 1476, Norwich: Norfolk Record Society, ISBN 0951160060, retrieved 3 March 2017
  17. ^ a b Cokayne, George Edward (1887). The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 1).
  18. ^ a b Cokayne, George Edward (1887). The Complete Peerage (Edition 1, Volume 1).

References

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  • Honig, Elizabeth: "In Memory: Lady Dacre and Pairing by Hans Eworth" in Renaissance Bodies: The Human Figure in English Culture c. 1540-1660 edited by Lucy Gent and Nigel Llewellyn, Reaktion Books, 1990, ISBN 0-948462-08-6
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