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Mary MacArthur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the Scottish suffragist and trade unionist, see Mary Macarthur.
For the American actress, see Mary MacArthur (actress).
Mary MacArthur
Born(1904-01-20)January 20, 1904
Glasgow, Scotland
DiedApril 26, 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 55)
Pugwash, Nova Scotia
Alma mater
Scientific career
Fieldsbotany and agricultural science
InstitutionsCentral Experimental Farm

Mary MacArthur (January 20, 1904 – April 26, 1959)[1] was a Canadian scientist who performed research on the principles of the successful dehydration and freezing of fresh foods.[2] She performed this research while employed by the federal government of Canada's Department of Agriculture at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, Ontario.[3][4][5] In 1952 she was the first woman to be named as Fellow of the Agricultural Institute of Canada (FAIC) for her contributions to Canadian agriculture.[6][7]

Biography

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Mary MacArthur was born in Glasgow, Scotland. She came to Canada as a child and her family settled in Pugwash, Nova Scotia. She became interested in botany at an early age.[3][4]

She obtained a B.Sc. with Honors from Acadia University, Nova Scotia, in 1933,[8] after attending a botany course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts the prior year.[9] She then earned an M.A. at Radcliffe College (affiliated with Harvard University) in 1934 and received her PhD from Harvard in 1937.[3][4][8]

Career

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After graduation, MacArthur was an assistant professor of botany at a woman's college in Elmira, New York, from 1937 to 1938. In 1938 she accepted a position as an agricultural scientist, Horticulture Division, at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Her early specialty was plant histology and cytology.[4]

MacArthur became well known for her leadership of Canadian research into dehydration, which included fundamental research on methods for determining the inactivation of enzymes in plant tissues prior to dehydration. She had a large dehydration tunnel built in Ottawa, Ontario in 1942, in which she conducted more than 2000 experiments during the last four years of World War II.[10]: 330–331  She is credited with identifying that vegetables needed blanching to inactivate enzymes before dehydration.[11] She worked jointly with scientists at Kentville, Nova Scotia, who provided her with the dehydrated vegetables for further analysis in Ottawa, Ontario.[11] This was an important activity during the war years as many fruits and vegetables had to be dehydrated and shipped to Europe for the war effort.[4] As a result of her work the appearance and nutritional value of commercial dehydrated cabbages, carrots, potatoes and turnips improved markedly. Her research on the suitability of different varieties of fruits and vegetables for freezing, which had been interrupted by the war efforts, was reactivated in 1944.[10]: 331  Before the end of the Second World War MacArthur also published a paper on the freezing of commercially packaged asparagus, corn and strawberries.[3][4]

In 1945 the Consumer Section, Market Service of Agriculture Canada published the first booklet on home freezing based on this research. By 1949, MacArthur also summarized her research into a booklet for use by the commercial food industry.[10]: 331  MacArthur assisted Malcolm Bancroft Davis, chief of Division of Horticulture for the Dominion Department of Agriculture until 1955, who conducted research on the preservation of fruits and vegetables by freezing and gas storage of apples.[4]

Honours and awards

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In 1952, Mary MacArthur was the first woman to become a member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada.[3][4]

Death

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Mary MacArthur died on April 26, 1959, as a consequence of rheumatic heart disease in Pugwash, Nova Scotia,[1] where she and her two sisters had refurbished a cottage.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Mary MacArthur death at Pugwash, Cumberland County on April 26, 1959". Nova Scotia Archives. September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  2. ^ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (18 May 2016). "Mary MacArthur – Pioneer in Food Dehydration | Innovation Storybook". Ingenium Channel. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e AAFC_AAC_Women in Science_Femmes en science (18 May 2016). "Mary MacArthur – Pioneer in Food Dehydration". Innovation150. Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Ceplis, Dinah. Rodenburg, Frances (ed.). "Agricultural Institute of Canada Monthly Report September 2009". archive.constantcontact.com. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  5. ^ Canada Agriculture and Food Museum (2017). "The Art of Science: Documenting Canada's Central Experimental Farm". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  6. ^ "Women in Science, Femmes en science" (PDF). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2019.
  7. ^ "Agricultural Institute of Canada list of Fellows" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2021.
  8. ^ a b Sgambati, Fred (Fall 2020). "Wonderful Tribute". Acadia University Bulletin. pp. 26–27. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Mary MacArthur". History of the Marine Biological Laboratory. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  10. ^ a b c Anstey, T.H. (1986). One Hundred Harvests, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1886-1986. Agriculture Canada. ISBN 0-660-12036-4. Horticulture Series No. 27. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  11. ^ a b MacArthur, Mary (April 1948). "The effect of method of freezing, type of pack and storage on asparagus tissue". Scientific Agriculture. 28: 166–174.
  12. ^ The Canadian Press (24 September 1954). "Dr. M. MacArthur Heads Division Of Central Experimental Farm". The Ottawa Journal. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
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