Álvaro IX of Kongo

Álvaro IX
Álvaro IX
Mwene Kongo
Reign	June 1669 – end of 1670
Predecessor	Pedro III
Successor	Rafael I
Dynasty	House of Kimpanzu

Álvaro IX Mpanzu a Ntivila was a ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo during its civil war period. He ruled from June 1669 to 1670.^[1]

Pre-Rule[edit]

He was the first member of the House of Kimpanzu to become the king since Afonso II was king at the beginning of the civil war period. Afonso II had been forced off the throne by the House of Kinlaza, and had set up Kimpanzu's powerbase in the mountainous Nkondo. Soyo intervened in Kongo again by invasion in 1669 and deposed the Kinlaza king Pedro III who was unsympathetic to Soyo.^[2] He fled to Lemba to start continue his reign and to fight against Kimpanzu rule.

Rule and Deposition[edit]

The da Silvas, the ruling house of Soyo, were determined to replace the king with a Kimpanzu, as they hoped he would be easier to control, considering the alliance between Soyo and the house. However even amongst the nobles of Kimpanzu were starting to resent the intervention of Soyo in Kongo affairs. In 1670, Álvaro IX was overthrown by Rafael I who preceded him as a more anti-Soyo king, who ended Soyo intervention in the kingdom.^[3]

Preceded by Pedro III	Manikongo 1669–1670	Succeeded by Rafael I

References[edit]

^ Kessler, P L. "Kingdoms of Africa - Angola / Kongo Kingdom". www.historyfiles.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
^ Gray, Richard (1990). Black Christians & White Missionaries. Yale University. p. 38.
^ Battell, Andrew; Purchas, Samuel (1901). The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh, in Angola and the Adjoining Regions. The Hakluyt Society. pp. 131.

[1] Kessler, P L. "Kingdoms of Africa - Angola / Kongo Kingdom". www.historyfiles.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-07-13.

[2] Gray, Richard (1990). Black Christians & White Missionaries. Yale University. p. 38.

[3] Battell, Andrew; Purchas, Samuel (1901). The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh, in Angola and the Adjoining Regions. The Hakluyt Society. pp. 131.

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v t e Rulers of the Kingdom of Kongo
Awenekongo of the Kilukeni kanda (1390–1567)	Lukeni lua Nimi Nanga of Kongo Nlaza of Kongo Nkuwu a Ntinu of Kongo João I of Kongo Afonso I of Kongo Pedro I of Kongo Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi Afonso II of Kongo Bernardo I of Kongo Henrique I of Kongo
Awenekongo of the Kwilu kanda (1567–1622)	Álvaro I of Kongo Álvaro II of Kongo Bernardo II of Kongo Álvaro III of Kongo
Awenekongo of the Nkanga a Mvika kanda (1622–1626)	Pedro II of Kongo Garcia I of Kongo
Mwenekongo of the Kwilu kanda (1626–1636)	Ambrósio I of Kongo Álvaro IV of Kongo
Awenekongo of the Kimpanzu kanda (1636)	Álvaro V of Kongo
Awenekongo of the Kinlaza kanda (1636–1665)	Álvaro VI of Kongo Garcia II of Kongo António I of Kongo
Civil War Awenekongo (1665–1678)	Afonso II of Kongo and Nkondo Álvaro VII of Kongo Álvaro VIII of Kongo Pedro III of Kongo Álvaro IX of Kongo Rafael I of Kongo Afonso III of Kongo Daniel I of Kongo
Post-Civil War states	Garcia III of Kibangu André I of Kibangu Manuel I of Kibangu Álvaro X of Kibangu Pedro IV of Kongo Pedro III of Kongo João II of Lemba Manuel II of Kongo
Awenekongo after the recapture of São Salvador (1709–1891)	Pedro IV of Kongo Manuel II of Kongo Garcia IV of Kongo Nicolau I of Kongo Afonso IV of Kongo António II of Kongo Sebastião I of Kongo "Pedro V" Álvaro XI of Kongo José I of Kongo Afonso V of Kongo Álvaro XII of Kongo Aleixo I of Kongo Joaquim I of Kongo Henrique II of Kongo Garcia V of Kongo André II of Kongo Henrique III of Kongo Álvaro XIII of Kongo Pedro V of Kongo
Awenekongo after 1881 vassalage treaty with Portugal (1891–1914)	Álvaro XIV of Kongo Henrique IV of Kongo Pedro VI of Kongo Manuel Nkomba of Kongo Manuel III of Kongo
Pretenders to the Kongo throne since 1914	Alvaro XV of Kongo Pedro VII of Kongo António III of Kongo Isabel Maria da Gama, Q of Kongo (regent) Pedro VIII of Kongo Isabel Maria da Gama of Kongo (regent)