Delorhynchus: Difference between revisions
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| image = Delorhynchus cifellii skulls.png |
| image = Delorhynchus cifellii skulls.png |
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| image_upright = 1.15 |
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| image_caption =Different skulls of ''Delorhynchus cifellii'' in various growth stages |
| image_caption = Different skulls of ''Delorhynchus cifellii'' in various growth stages |
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| taxon = Delorhynchus |
| taxon = Delorhynchus |
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| authority = [[Richard C. Fox|Fox]], [[1962 in paleontology|1962]] |
| authority = [[Richard C. Fox|Fox]], [[1962 in paleontology|1962]] |
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| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Delorhynchus priscus''''' |
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Delorhynchus priscus''''' |
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| type_species_authority = Fox, 1962 |
| type_species_authority = Fox, 1962 |
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| subdivision_ranks = |
| subdivision_ranks = Other species |
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| subdivision = *''D. cifellii'' <small>Reisz ''et al.'', [[2014 in paleontology|2014]]</small> |
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| subdivision = |
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*''D. |
*''D. multidentatus'' <small>Rowe ''et al.'', [[2021 in reptile paleontology|2021]]</small> |
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| ⚫ | | synonyms = *''[[Bolterpeton]] carrolli'' <small>Anderson and Reisz, 2003</small><ref>Anderson, J. S., & Reisz, R. R. (2003). A new microsaur (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Richards Spur (Fort Sill), Oklahoma. ''Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences'', 40(4), 499-505.</ref> (syn. either of ''D. priscus'' or of ''D. cifellii'')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=[[Yara Haridy]] |author2=Mark J. Macdougall |author3=Robert R. Reisz |year=2018 |title=The lower jaw of the Early Permian parareptile ''Delorhynchus'', first evidence of multiple denticulate coronoids in a reptile |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=in press |issue= 3|pages= 791–803|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx085 }}</ref> |
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*''D. priscus'' <small>Fox, 1962 ([[type species|type]])</small> |
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| synonyms = |
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| ⚫ | *''[[Bolterpeton]] carrolli'' <small>Anderson and Reisz, 2003</small><ref>Anderson, J. S., & Reisz, R. R. (2003). A new microsaur (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Richards Spur (Fort Sill), Oklahoma. ''Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences'', 40(4), 499-505.</ref>(syn. either of ''D. priscus'' or of ''D. cifellii'')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=[[Yara Haridy]] |author2=Mark J. Macdougall |author3=Robert R. Reisz |year=2018 |title=The lower jaw of the Early Permian parareptile ''Delorhynchus'', first evidence of multiple denticulate coronoids in a reptile |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=in press |issue= 3|pages= 791–803|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx085 }}</ref> |
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'''''Delorhynchus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[lanthanosuchoid]] [[parareptile]] known from the late [[Early Permian]] ([[Artinskian]] age) [[Garber Formation]] of [[Comanche County, Oklahoma]] |
'''''Delorhynchus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[lanthanosuchoid]] [[parareptile]] known from the late [[Early Permian]] ([[Artinskian]] age) [[Garber Formation]] of [[Comanche County, Oklahoma]]. It contains three [[species]]: the [[type species]] ''D. priscus'' is based on a series of [[Maxilla|maxillae]].<ref name="Delorhynchus">{{cite journal |authors=Richard C. Fox |year=1962 |title=Two New Pelycosaurs from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma |journal=University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=297–307 }}</ref> The second species to be described, ''D. cifellii'', is known from a larger number of well-preserved skulls and skeletal material.<ref name=D.cifellii>{{Cite journal|author=Robert R. Reisz, Mark J. Macdougall and Sean P. Modesto |year=2014 |title=A new species of the parareptile genus ''Delorhynchus'', based on articulated skeletal remains from Richards Spur, Lower Permian of Oklahoma |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=1033–1043 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.829844 }}</ref> The third species, ''D. multidentatus'', is based on a fragmentary skull with several rows of teeth on its jaw.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Rowe|first=Dylan C. T.|last2=Scott|first2=Diane M.|last3=Bevitt|first3=Joseph J.|last4=Reisz|first4=Robert R.|date=2021|title=Multiple Tooth-Rowed Parareptile From the Early Permian of Oklahoma|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.709497/full|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science|language=English|volume=0|doi=10.3389/feart.2021.709497|issn=2296-6463}}</ref> |
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==Discovery== |
==Discovery== |
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[[File:Delorhynchus skull.PNG|thumb|left|Reconstruction of the youngest and most mature skulls]] |
[[File:Delorhynchus skull.PNG|thumb|left|Reconstruction of the youngest and most mature skulls of ''D. cifellii'']] |
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| ⚫ | The [[type species]], ''D. priscus,'' was first described and named by [[Richard C. Fox]] in [[1962 in paleontology|1962]]. The [[name of a biological genus|generic name]] "''Delorhynchus''" is derived from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''rhynchus''/''ρυγχος'', meaning "beak" (a common suffix for extinct reptile genera names). The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] of the type species ''D. priscus'' is derived from Greek ''πρίσκος'', meaning "ancient" or "venerable" in reference to the fragmentary nature of the known remains.<ref name="Delorhynchus" /> ''D. priscus'' is known from the [[holotype]] KU 11117, a fragmentary left [[maxilla]] bearing 4 teeth, and from the fragmentary referred specimens KU 11118 and KU 11119, a right and a left maxillae respectively, each bearing 4 teeth. All known specimens of ''D. priscus'' are housed at the [[University of Kansas Natural History Museum]] in [[Lawrence, Kansas]].<ref name=Delorhynchus/> |
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| ⚫ | ''D. cifellii'' was first described and named by [[Robert R. Reisz]], [[Mark J. Macdougall]] and [[Sean P. Modesto]] in [[2014 in paleontology|2014]]. Its specific name honors Dr. Richard L. Cifelli, a paleontologist at the [[Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History]] (OMNH), for his contributions to the paleontology of Oklahoma and support in studying ''D. cifellii''.<ref name="D.cifellii" /> Unlike the type species, ''D. cifellii'' is known from a well-preserved partial subadult [[skeleton]], an isolated adult [[skull]], and other disarticulated elements, all housed at the OMNH. The subadult individual preserves both the partial skull and the postcranial remains in articulation, and thus was chosen as the holotype, represented by OMNH 73515. OMNH 73362 represents the complete skull of the large, adult, individual. Other remains referred to ''D. cifellii'' include OMNH 73363, a complete right [[ramus of the mandible|mandibular ramus]] of an individual equal in size to OMNH 73362, as well as the right maxilla OMNH 73524.<ref name="D.cifellii" /> |
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Both species of ''Delorhynchus'' are known only from the [[claystone]] and conglomerate Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (OMNH) Locality V51, at Dolese Brothers limestone quarry of [[Richards Spur]], Fissure Fills, just west of U.S. Highways 62 & 281, 10.5 miles south of [[Apache, Oklahoma|Apache]] and 6 miles north of [[Fort Sill]], of [[Comanche County, Oklahoma]]. The remains of both species were collected from the [[Garber Formation]] (also known as the Willington Formation) of Summer Group, Arbuckle limestone, which is probably equivalent to the [[Arroyo Formation]] of [[Texas]], dating to the middle [[Leonardian]] stage, of the upper [[Rotliegend]] epoch, [[Early Permian]], about 275 [[mya (unit)|million years ago]].<ref name=D.cifellii/> |
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''D. multidentatus'' was described by [[Dylan C.T. Rowe]], [[Diane M. Scott]], [[Joseph J. Bevitt]], and Robert Reisz in [[2021 in reptile paleontology|2021]]. It is based on ROMVP 87042, a fragmentary skull housed in the [[Royal Ontario Museum]] of [[Toronto]]. It was named in reference to the multiple rows of teeth on the lower jaw of the skull, a unique feature which distinguished it from other ''Delorhynchus'' species.<ref name=":1" /> |
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| ⚫ | The Richards Spur locality presents a very rich Early Permian [[vertebrate]] paleofauna, including species of [[chondrichthyes]], [[Lepospondyli]], [[seymouriamorph]]s, [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[synapsid]]s, basal [[eureptile]]s |
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''Delorhynchus'' is only found in the fissure fill [[claystone]] and [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] of OMNH Locality V51. This locality, also known as [[Richards Spur]], is found at the Dolese Brothers limestone quarry near [[Fort Sill]] in[[Comanche County, Oklahoma]]. The fissure fill deposits of Richards Spur are probably equivalent to the [[Garber Formation]] of Oklahoma and the [[Arroyo Formation]] of [[Texas]].<ref name="D.cifellii" /> [[Uranium–lead dating|Uranium-Lead dating]] of [[Speleothem|speleotherms]] in the cave deposits suggest that the fossils of Richards Spur were deposited in the [[Artinskian]] stage of the [[Cisuralian]] (Early Permian).<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Woodhead|first1=Jon|last2=Reisz|first2=Robert|last3=Fox|first3=David|last4=Drysdale|first4=Russell|last5=Hellstrom|first5=John|last6=Maas|first6=Roland|last7=Cheng|first7=Hai|last8=Edwards|first8=R. Lawrence|date=May 2010|title=Speleothem climate records from deep time? Exploring the potential with an example from the Permian|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215768326|journal=Geology|language=en|volume=38|issue=5|pages=455–458|doi=10.1130/G30354.1|issn=0091-7613|hdl-access=free|hdl=1959.13/931960}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=MacDougall|first1=Mark J.|last2=Tabor|first2=Neil J.|last3=Woodhead|first3=Jon|last4=Daoust|first4=Andrew R.|last5=Reisz|first5=Robert R.|date=2017-06-01|title=The unique preservational environment of the Early Permian (Cisuralian) fossiliferous cave deposits of the Richards Spur locality, Oklahoma|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=475|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.019|issn=0031-0182}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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| ⚫ | '' |
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==Classification== |
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Until recently, the [[phylogenetic]] position of ''Delorhynchus'' within [[Procolophonomorpha]] was uncertain, due to the fragmentary nature of the remains of ''D. priscus''.<ref name=Delorhynchus/><ref name=Tsuji2010>{{cite journal |authors=Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller; Robert R. Reisz |year=2010 |title=''Microleter mckinzieorum'' gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma: the basalmost parareptile from Laurasia |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=245–255 |doi=10.1080/14772010903461099 }}</ref> However, with the description of ''D. cifellii'' by Reisz ''et al.'' (2014), ''Delorhynchus'' could be added for the first time into a [[phylogenetic analysis]] to resolve its position. Reisz ''et al.'' (2014) recovered ''Delorhynchus'' in a [[sister taxon]] position to the [[clade]] formed by ''[[Acleistorhinus]]'' and ''[[Lanthanosuchus]]''. Thus ''Delorhynchus'' was either considered to be the [[sister taxon]] of [[Lanthanosuchoidea]], or a [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] lanthanosuchoid, depending on the definition of Lanthanosuchoidea used.<ref name=D.cifellii/> The following [[cladogram]] is simplified after the phylogenetic analysis of MacDougall and Reisz (2014), an updated version of Reisz ''et al.'' (2014), and shows the placement of ''D. cifellii'' within [[Parareptilia]]. Relationships within bolded clades are not shown.<ref name=Abyssomedon/> |
Until recently, the [[phylogenetic]] position of ''Delorhynchus'' within [[Procolophonomorpha]] was uncertain, due to the fragmentary nature of the remains of ''D. priscus''.<ref name=Delorhynchus/><ref name=Tsuji2010>{{cite journal |authors=Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller; Robert R. Reisz |year=2010 |title=''Microleter mckinzieorum'' gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma: the basalmost parareptile from Laurasia |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=245–255 |doi=10.1080/14772010903461099 }}</ref> However, with the description of ''D. cifellii'' by Reisz ''et al.'' (2014), ''Delorhynchus'' could be added for the first time into a [[phylogenetic analysis]] to resolve its position. Reisz ''et al.'' (2014) recovered ''Delorhynchus'' in a [[sister taxon]] position to the [[clade]] formed by ''[[Acleistorhinus]]'' and ''[[Lanthanosuchus]]''. Thus ''Delorhynchus'' was either considered to be the [[sister taxon]] of [[Lanthanosuchoidea]], or a [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] lanthanosuchoid, depending on the definition of Lanthanosuchoidea used.<ref name=D.cifellii/> The following [[cladogram]] is simplified after the phylogenetic analysis of MacDougall and Reisz (2014), an updated version of Reisz ''et al.'' (2014), and shows the placement of ''D. cifellii'' within [[Parareptilia]]. Relationships within bolded clades are not shown.<ref name="Abyssomedon">{{Cite journal|author=Mark J. MacDougall and Robert R. Reisz|year=2014|title=The first record of a nyctiphruretid parareptile from the Early Permian of North America, with a discussion of parareptilian temporal fenestration|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=172|issue=3|pages=616–630|doi=10.1111/zoj.12180}}</ref> |
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|1='''[[Owenettidae]]''' |
|1='''[[Owenettidae]]''' |
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|2='''[[Procolophonidae]]''' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
|2='''[[Procolophonidae]]''' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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== Paleoecology == |
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| ⚫ | The Richards Spur locality presents a very rich Early Permian [[vertebrate]] paleofauna, including species of [[chondrichthyes]], [[Lepospondyli|lepospondyls]], [[seymouriamorph]]s, [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[synapsid]]s, and basal [[eureptile]]s. At least six species of [[parareptile]]s have been described apart from the three ''Delorhynchus'' species. They include the basal parareptile ''[[Microleter mckinzieorum]]'', the [[bolosaurid]] ''[[Bolosaurus grandis]]'', the [[nyctiphruretid]] ''[[Abyssomedon williamsi]]'', and three other [[lanthanosuchoid]]s: ''[[Colobomycter pholeter]]'', ''Colobomycter vaughni'', and ''[[Feeserpeton oklahomensis]]''.<ref name="Abyssomedon" /><ref name=":1" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 15:28, 25 August 2021
| Delorhynchus Temporal range: Early Permian,
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| Different skulls of Delorhynchus cifellii in various growth stages | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | †Parareptilia |
| Order: | †Procolophonomorpha |
| Superfamily: | †Lanthanosuchoidea |
| Genus: | †Delorhynchus Fox, 1962 |
| Type species | |
| †Delorhynchus priscus Fox, 1962
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| Other species | |
| Synonyms | |
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Delorhynchus is an extinct genus of lanthanosuchoid parareptile known from the late Early Permian (Artinskian age) Garber Formation of Comanche County, Oklahoma. It contains three species: the type species D. priscus is based on a series of maxillae.[3] The second species to be described, D. cifellii, is known from a larger number of well-preserved skulls and skeletal material.[4] The third species, D. multidentatus, is based on a fragmentary skull with several rows of teeth on its jaw.[5]
Discovery
The type species, D. priscus, was first described and named by Richard C. Fox in 1962. The generic name "Delorhynchus" is derived from Greek rhynchus/ρυγχος, meaning "beak" (a common suffix for extinct reptile genera names). The specific name of the type species D. priscus is derived from Greek πρίσκος, meaning "ancient" or "venerable" in reference to the fragmentary nature of the known remains.[3] D. priscus is known from the holotype KU 11117, a fragmentary left maxilla bearing 4 teeth, and from the fragmentary referred specimens KU 11118 and KU 11119, a right and a left maxillae respectively, each bearing 4 teeth. All known specimens of D. priscus are housed at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum in Lawrence, Kansas.[3]
D. cifellii was first described and named by Robert R. Reisz, Mark J. Macdougall and Sean P. Modesto in 2014. Its specific name honors Dr. Richard L. Cifelli, a paleontologist at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (OMNH), for his contributions to the paleontology of Oklahoma and support in studying D. cifellii.[4] Unlike the type species, D. cifellii is known from a well-preserved partial subadult skeleton, an isolated adult skull, and other disarticulated elements, all housed at the OMNH. The subadult individual preserves both the partial skull and the postcranial remains in articulation, and thus was chosen as the holotype, represented by OMNH 73515. OMNH 73362 represents the complete skull of the large, adult, individual. Other remains referred to D. cifellii include OMNH 73363, a complete right mandibular ramus of an individual equal in size to OMNH 73362, as well as the right maxilla OMNH 73524.[4]
D. multidentatus was described by Dylan C.T. Rowe, Diane M. Scott, Joseph J. Bevitt, and Robert Reisz in 2021. It is based on ROMVP 87042, a fragmentary skull housed in the Royal Ontario Museum of Toronto. It was named in reference to the multiple rows of teeth on the lower jaw of the skull, a unique feature which distinguished it from other Delorhynchus species.[5]
Delorhynchus is only found in the fissure fill claystone and conglomerate of OMNH Locality V51. This locality, also known as Richards Spur, is found at the Dolese Brothers limestone quarry near Fort Sill inComanche County, Oklahoma. The fissure fill deposits of Richards Spur are probably equivalent to the Garber Formation of Oklahoma and the Arroyo Formation of Texas.[4] Uranium-Lead dating of speleotherms in the cave deposits suggest that the fossils of Richards Spur were deposited in the Artinskian stage of the Cisuralian (Early Permian).[6][7]
Classification
Until recently, the phylogenetic position of Delorhynchus within Procolophonomorpha was uncertain, due to the fragmentary nature of the remains of D. priscus.[3][8] However, with the description of D. cifellii by Reisz et al. (2014), Delorhynchus could be added for the first time into a phylogenetic analysis to resolve its position. Reisz et al. (2014) recovered Delorhynchus in a sister taxon position to the clade formed by Acleistorhinus and Lanthanosuchus. Thus Delorhynchus was either considered to be the sister taxon of Lanthanosuchoidea, or a basal lanthanosuchoid, depending on the definition of Lanthanosuchoidea used.[4] The following cladogram is simplified after the phylogenetic analysis of MacDougall and Reisz (2014), an updated version of Reisz et al. (2014), and shows the placement of D. cifellii within Parareptilia. Relationships within bolded clades are not shown.[9]
| Parareptilia |
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Paleoecology
The Richards Spur locality presents a very rich Early Permian vertebrate paleofauna, including species of chondrichthyes, lepospondyls, seymouriamorphs, basal synapsids, and basal eureptiles. At least six species of parareptiles have been described apart from the three Delorhynchus species. They include the basal parareptile Microleter mckinzieorum, the bolosaurid Bolosaurus grandis, the nyctiphruretid Abyssomedon williamsi, and three other lanthanosuchoids: Colobomycter pholeter, Colobomycter vaughni, and Feeserpeton oklahomensis.[9][5]
References
- ^ Anderson, J. S., & Reisz, R. R. (2003). A new microsaur (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Richards Spur (Fort Sill), Oklahoma. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 40(4), 499-505.
- ^ Yara Haridy; Mark J. Macdougall; Robert R. Reisz (2018). "The lower jaw of the Early Permian parareptile Delorhynchus, first evidence of multiple denticulate coronoids in a reptile". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. in press (3): 791–803. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx085.
- ^ a b c d "Two New Pelycosaurs from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma". University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History. 12 (6): 297–307. 1962.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d e Robert R. Reisz, Mark J. Macdougall and Sean P. Modesto (2014). "A new species of the parareptile genus Delorhynchus, based on articulated skeletal remains from Richards Spur, Lower Permian of Oklahoma". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (5): 1033–1043. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.829844.
- ^ a b c Rowe, Dylan C. T.; Scott, Diane M.; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2021). "Multiple Tooth-Rowed Parareptile From the Early Permian of Oklahoma". Frontiers in Earth Science. 0. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.709497. ISSN 2296-6463.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Woodhead, Jon; Reisz, Robert; Fox, David; Drysdale, Russell; Hellstrom, John; Maas, Roland; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence (May 2010). "Speleothem climate records from deep time? Exploring the potential with an example from the Permian". Geology. 38 (5): 455–458. doi:10.1130/G30354.1. hdl:1959.13/931960. ISSN 0091-7613.
- ^ MacDougall, Mark J.; Tabor, Neil J.; Woodhead, Jon; Daoust, Andrew R.; Reisz, Robert R. (2017-06-01). "The unique preservational environment of the Early Permian (Cisuralian) fossiliferous cave deposits of the Richards Spur locality, Oklahoma". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 475: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.019. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ^ "Microleter mckinzieorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma: the basalmost parareptile from Laurasia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (2): 245–255. 2010. doi:10.1080/14772010903461099.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b Mark J. MacDougall and Robert R. Reisz (2014). "The first record of a nyctiphruretid parareptile from the Early Permian of North America, with a discussion of parareptilian temporal fenestration". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (3): 616–630. doi:10.1111/zoj.12180.
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