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The '''Virtual Library museums pages''' ('''VLmp''') formed an early leading directory of online museums around the world.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1498695 | title=Virtual Library Museums Pages | first=Nancy B. | last=Turner | year=1999 | journal=Electronic Resources Review | volume=3 | number=2 | pages=27–28 | issn=1364-5137 | publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]] | doi=10.1108/err.1999.3.2.27.26 }}</ref> The resource was founded by [[Jonathan Bowen]] in 1994, originally at the [[Oxford University Computing Laboratory]] in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite journal| last=Bowen | first=Jonathan P. | author-link=Jonathan Bowen | title=Weaving the Museum Web: The Virtual Library museums pages | journal=[[Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems]] | volume=36 | number=4 | pages=236–252 | year=2002| doi=10.1108/00330330210447208 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Bowen | first=Jonathan P. | title=The Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp): Whence and Whither? | editor1-first=David | editor1-last=Bearman | editor2-first=Jennifer | editor2-last=Trant | work=[[Museums and the Web]], 1997: Selected Papers | pages=9–25 | publisher=[[Archives & Museum Informatics]], 5501 Walnut Street, Suite 203, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232-2311, USA | year=1997 }}</ref> It has been supported by the [[International Council of Museums]] (ICOM) and [[Museophile Limited]].<ref name="archives">{{cite web | url=http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/ | title=Virtual Library museums pages | work=archives.icom.museum | publisher=[[International Council of Museums]] | access-date=25 March 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212063856/http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/ | archive-date=12 December 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=VLmp: The Virtual Library museums pages | journal=ICOM News: Newsletter of the International Council of Museums | volume=52 | number=1&2 | page=9 | year=1999 }}</ref> as part of the [[World Wide Web Virtual Library]], initiated by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] and later managed by Arthur Secret.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.vlib.org.uk/admin/AboutVL.htm | title=The WWW Virtual Library: About the Virtual Library | publisher=The WWW Virtual Library | date=February 2008 | access-date=29 January 2018 }}</ref> The main VLmp site moved to [[London South Bank University]] in the early 2000s and is now hosted on the '''MuseumsWiki''' [[wiki]], established in 2006 and hosted by [[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] (previously [[Wikia]]).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://museums.fandom.com/wiki/Virtual_Library_museums_pages | title=Virtual Library museums pages | work=MuseumsWiki | publisher=[[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] | accessdate=24 June 2021 }}</ref>
The '''Virtual Library museums pages''' ('''VLmp''') formed an early leading directory of online museums around the world.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1498695 | title=Virtual Library Museums Pages | first=Nancy B. | last=Turner | year=1999 | journal=Electronic Resources Review | volume=3 | number=2 | pages=27–28 | issn=1364-5137 | publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]] | doi=10.1108/err.1999.3.2.27.26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite article| author=Gaia, Giuliano, Stefania Boiano, Jonathan P. Bowen, and Ann Borda | title=Museum Websites of the First Wave: The rise of the virtual museum | work=EVA London 2020 | publisher=[[BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT|BCS]] | series=eWiC | pages=24-31 | doi=10.14236/ewic/EVA2020.4 | date=2020 }}</ref>
==History==
The VLmp online directory resource was founded by [[Jonathan Bowen]] in 1994, originally at the [[Oxford University Computing Laboratory]] in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite journal| last=Bowen | first=Jonathan P. | author-link=Jonathan Bowen | title=Weaving the Museum Web: The Virtual Library museums pages | journal=[[Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems]] | volume=36 | number=4 | pages=236–252 | year=2002| doi=10.1108/00330330210447208 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Bowen | first=Jonathan P. | title=The Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp): Whence and Whither? | editor1-first=David | editor1-last=Bearman | editor2-first=Jennifer | editor2-last=Trant | work=[[Museums and the Web]], 1997: Selected Papers | pages=9–25 | publisher=[[Archives & Museum Informatics]], 5501 Walnut Street, Suite 203, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232-2311, USA | year=1997 }}</ref> It has been supported by the [[International Council of Museums]] (ICOM) and [[Museophile Limited]].<ref name="archives">{{cite web | url=http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/ | title=Virtual Library museums pages | work=archives.icom.museum | publisher=[[International Council of Museums]] | access-date=25 March 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212063856/http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/ | archive-date=12 December 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=VLmp: The Virtual Library museums pages | journal=ICOM News: Newsletter of the International Council of Museums | volume=52 | number=1&2 | page=9 | year=1999 }}</ref> as part of the [[World Wide Web Virtual Library]], initiated by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] and later managed by Arthur Secret.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.vlib.org.uk/admin/AboutVL.htm | title=The WWW Virtual Library: About the Virtual Library | publisher=The WWW Virtual Library | date=February 2008 | access-date=29 January 2018 }}</ref> The main VLmp site moved to [[London South Bank University]] in the early 2000s and is now hosted on the '''MuseumsWiki''' [[wiki]], established in 2006 and hosted by [[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] (previously [[Wikia]]).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://museums.fandom.com/wiki/Virtual_Library_museums_pages | title=Virtual Library museums pages | work=MuseumsWiki | publisher=[[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] | accessdate=24 June 2021 }}</ref>


The directory was developed and organised in a distributed manner by country, with around twenty people in different countries maintaining various sections. Canada, through the [[Canadian Heritage Information Network]] (CHIN),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/the-public/080/005080-1038-e.html | title=Reference Internet Resources – Quick Reference – Museums/Galleries | publisher=[[Library and Archives Canada]] | access-date=24 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080410/https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/the-public/080/005080-1038-e.html | archive-date=25 December 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> was the first country to become involved. The [[MDA (museums)|MDA]] maintained the United Kingdom section of museums,<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.mda.org.uk/vlmp/ |title=Museums around the UK on the Web |work=[[MDA (museums)|MDA]] |year=2008 |access-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102045520/http://www.mda.org.uk/vlmp/ |archive-date=2 January 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> later the [[Collections Trust]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionstrust.org.uk/vlmp/ |title=Museums around the UK on the Web |work=[[Collections Trust]] |year=2010 |access-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703203555/http://www.collectionstrust.org.uk/vlmp/ |archive-date=3 July 2010 }}</ref> The [[Historisches Centrum Hagen]] has maintained and hosted pages for Germany.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.historisches-centrum.de/index.php?id=426 | title=Online Activities | publisher=Historisches Centrum Hagen | location=Germany | access-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref>
The directory was developed and organised in a distributed manner by country, with around twenty people in different countries maintaining various sections. Canada, through the [[Canadian Heritage Information Network]] (CHIN),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/the-public/080/005080-1038-e.html | title=Reference Internet Resources – Quick Reference – Museums/Galleries | publisher=[[Library and Archives Canada]] | access-date=24 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080410/https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/the-public/080/005080-1038-e.html | archive-date=25 December 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> was the first country to become involved. The [[MDA (museums)|MDA]] maintained the United Kingdom section of museums,<ref>{{cite web |url=//www.mda.org.uk/vlmp/ |title=Museums around the UK on the Web |work=[[MDA (museums)|MDA]] |year=2008 |access-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102045520/http://www.mda.org.uk/vlmp/ |archive-date=2 January 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> later the [[Collections Trust]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionstrust.org.uk/vlmp/ |title=Museums around the UK on the Web |work=[[Collections Trust]] |year=2010 |access-date=25 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703203555/http://www.collectionstrust.org.uk/vlmp/ |archive-date=3 July 2010 }}</ref> The [[Historisches Centrum Hagen]] has maintained and hosted pages for Germany.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.historisches-centrum.de/index.php?id=426 | title=Online Activities | publisher=Historisches Centrum Hagen | location=Germany | access-date=24 December 2016 }}</ref>
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The directory was influential in the museum field during the 1990s and 2000s.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Trant | first=Jennifer | title=When all you've got is "The Real Thing": Museums and authenticity in the networked world | journal=[[Archives and Museum Informatics]] | volume=12 | number=2 |year=1999 | pages=107–125 | doi=10.1023/A:1009041909517 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last=Tedd | first=Lucy A. | title=Program: a record of the first 40 years of electronic library and information systems | journal=[[Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems|Program]] | volume=40 | number=1 |year=2006 | pages=11–26 | doi=10.1108/00330330610646780 | url=http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/68631/40yearspaper2.pdf }}</ref> It was used as a standard starting point to find museums online.<ref>{{cite news| last=Veltman | first=Kim H. | author-link=Kim H. Veltman | title=Challenges of virtual and digital culture | work=Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Employment and Cultural Heritage, Economic Development and New Technologies in the Information and Knowledge Society |year=2002 | url=http://www.sumscorp.com/img/file/2002_Challenges_of_Virtual_and_Digital_Culture.pdf }}</ref> It was useful for monitoring the growth of museums internationally online.<ref>{{cite news| last=Veltman | first=Kim H. | title=Developments in Virtual Museums ("La crescita nel settore dei musei virtuali") | language=it | work=Museo contro museo. Le strategie, gli strumenti, i risultati | editor1-first=P. | editor1-last=Valentino | editor2-first=G. | editor2-last=Mossetto | location=Giunti, Firenze |year=2001 | url=http://www.sumscorp.com/img/file/2001_Developments_in_Virtual_Museums.pdf }}</ref> It was also used for online museum surveys.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Hertzum | first=Morten | title=A review of museum web sites: in search of user-centred design | journal=[[Archives and Museum Informatics]] | volume=12 | number=2 |year=1999 | pages=127–138 | doi=10.1023/A:1009009104685 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last1=Flor | first1=Carla | last2=Vanzin | first2=Tarcisco | last3=Ulbricht | first3=Vania Ribas | title=Virtual Museums: Diagnosis Accessibility ("Museus Virtuais: Diagnóstico de Acessibilidade") | journal=Hipermídias: Interfaces Digitais em Ead | pages=126–152, 187–189 | citeseerx=10.1.1.697.563 }}</ref> It was recommended as an educational resource<ref>{{cite book | title=The World Wide Web For Kids & Parents | first=Viraf D. | last=Mohta | publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley]] | date=1997 | isbn=978-0764500985 | page=[https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebfork00moht/page/106 106] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebfork00moht/page/106 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Quick guide to the Internet for education | first1=Eugene F. | last1=Provenzo | first2=Doug | last2=Gotthoffer | publisher=[[Allyn and Bacon]] | date=2000 | isbn=978-0205309627 | page=104 }}</ref> and included a search facility.<ref>{{cite journal| url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF03017091.pdf | first=Rovy | last=Brano | title=Web & Wild – Virtual Library Museum Pages | publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] | journal=TechTrends | volume=45 | number=5 | pages=49, 24 | date=1 September 2001 | doi=10.1007/BF03017091 | s2cid=189911244 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
The directory was influential in the museum field during the 1990s and 2000s.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Trant | first=Jennifer | title=When all you've got is "The Real Thing": Museums and authenticity in the networked world | journal=[[Archives and Museum Informatics]] | volume=12 | number=2 |year=1999 | pages=107–125 | doi=10.1023/A:1009041909517 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last=Tedd | first=Lucy A. | title=Program: a record of the first 40 years of electronic library and information systems | journal=[[Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems|Program]] | volume=40 | number=1 |year=2006 | pages=11–26 | doi=10.1108/00330330610646780 | url=http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/68631/40yearspaper2.pdf }}</ref> It was used as a standard starting point to find museums online.<ref>{{cite news| last=Veltman | first=Kim H. | author-link=Kim H. Veltman | title=Challenges of virtual and digital culture | work=Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Employment and Cultural Heritage, Economic Development and New Technologies in the Information and Knowledge Society |year=2002 | url=http://www.sumscorp.com/img/file/2002_Challenges_of_Virtual_and_Digital_Culture.pdf }}</ref> It was useful for monitoring the growth of museums internationally online.<ref>{{cite news| last=Veltman | first=Kim H. | title=Developments in Virtual Museums ("La crescita nel settore dei musei virtuali") | language=it | work=Museo contro museo. Le strategie, gli strumenti, i risultati | editor1-first=P. | editor1-last=Valentino | editor2-first=G. | editor2-last=Mossetto | location=Giunti, Firenze |year=2001 | url=http://www.sumscorp.com/img/file/2001_Developments_in_Virtual_Museums.pdf }}</ref> It was also used for online museum surveys.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Hertzum | first=Morten | title=A review of museum web sites: in search of user-centred design | journal=[[Archives and Museum Informatics]] | volume=12 | number=2 |year=1999 | pages=127–138 | doi=10.1023/A:1009009104685 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last1=Flor | first1=Carla | last2=Vanzin | first2=Tarcisco | last3=Ulbricht | first3=Vania Ribas | title=Virtual Museums: Diagnosis Accessibility ("Museus Virtuais: Diagnóstico de Acessibilidade") | journal=Hipermídias: Interfaces Digitais em Ead | pages=126–152, 187–189 | citeseerx=10.1.1.697.563 }}</ref> It was recommended as an educational resource<ref>{{cite book | title=The World Wide Web For Kids & Parents | first=Viraf D. | last=Mohta | publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley]] | date=1997 | isbn=978-0764500985 | page=[https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebfork00moht/page/106 106] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/worldwidewebfork00moht/page/106 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Quick guide to the Internet for education | first1=Eugene F. | last1=Provenzo | first2=Doug | last2=Gotthoffer | publisher=[[Allyn and Bacon]] | date=2000 | isbn=978-0205309627 | page=104 }}</ref> and included a search facility.<ref>{{cite journal| url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF03017091.pdf | first=Rovy | last=Brano | title=Web & Wild – Virtual Library Museum Pages | publisher=[[Springer (publisher)|Springer]] | journal=TechTrends | volume=45 | number=5 | pages=49, 24 | date=1 September 2001 | doi=10.1007/BF03017091 | s2cid=189911244 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Virtual Museum of Computing==
{{Infobox website
| name = Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC)
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| screenshot = Alan Turing portré.jpg
| screenshot_size = 180px
| screenshot_alt = Alan Turing portrait
| collapsible = <!-- set as "on", "y", etc, otherwise omit/leave blank. Does nothing for mobile users. -->
| collapsetext = <!-- collapsible area's heading (default "Screenshot"); omit/leave blank if collapsible not set -->
| background = <!-- for collapsetext heading; default grey (gainsboro) -->
| caption = The pioneer of [[computer science]], [[Alan Turing]], who has featured especially in the Virtual Museum of Computing, in collaboration with [[Andrew Hodges]].<ref name="babbhfb05" />
| type = <!-- or: | website_type = -->
| language = [[English language|English]]
| language_count =
| language_footnote =
| founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1995|6|1}}
| dissolved =
| location = [[University of Oxford]] (in 1995)
| location_city = [[Oxford]]
| location_country = [[United Kingdom]]
| country_of_origin = [[United Kingdom]]
| locations = Mirror sites around the world
| area_served = Worldwide
| owner = [[International Council of Museums]] (ICOM) <!-- or: | owners = -->
| creators = [[Jonathan Bowen]]
| founder = [[Oxford University Computing Laboratory]]
| editors = [[Jonathan Bowen]], [[Andrew Hodges]]
| key_people = [[Jonathan Bowen]]
| industry = [[Museum]]s
| services = [[Virtual museum]]
| international = <!-- or: | intl = -->
| parent = [[Virtual Library museums pages]] (VLmp)
| divisions =
| subsidiaries = <!-- or: | subsid = -->
| url = [https://museums.fandom.com/wiki/VMoC museums.fandom.com] <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| commercial = No <!-- No -->
| registration = <!-- or: | reg = -->
| num_users = <!-- or: | users = -->
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1995|6|2}}
| current_status = Archival site hosted by MuseumsWiki
| native_clients =
| oclc = <!-- OCLC number, useful where an ISSN has not been allocated (automatically linked to https://www.WorldCat.org) -->
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Virtual Museum of Computing''' ('''VMoC'''), part of the Virtual Library museums pages, was created as an eclectic collection of links and online resources concerning the [[history of computers]] and [[history of computer science|computer science]].<ref>{{cite journal| title=Virtual Museum of Computing Web Site | journal=[[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] | volume=18 | number=4 | page=67 | year=1996 }}</ref><ref>{{cite article| url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/213569612 | last=Leslie | first=Mitch | date=September 14, 2001 | title=Memory lane | journal=Science | publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS) | location=Washington | volume=293 | number=5537}}</ref><ref name="babbhfb05">{{cite book| url=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/development-science-museum-web-sites/9093 | last1=Bowen | first1=Jonathan P. | authorlink1=Jonathan Bowen | first2=Jim | last2=Angus | first3=Jim | last3=Bennet | authorlink3=Jim Bennett (historian) | first4=Ann | last4=Borda | first5=Andrew | last5=Hodges | authorlink5=Andrew Hodges | first6=Silvia | last6=Filippini-Fantoni | first7=Alpay | last7=Beler | chapter=The Development of Science Museum Websites: Case Studies (Chapter XVIII) | editor-first1=Leo Tan Wee | editor-last1=Hin | editor-first2=Ramanathan | editor-last2=Subramaniam | title=E-learning and Virtual Science Centers, Section 3: Case Studies | pages=366–392 | publisher=[[Idea Group Publishing]] | location=Hershey, USA | year=2005 | url=https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-591-7.ch018 }}</ref> It was designed to provided links to other related computing museums, both real and virtual, around the world, as well as having its own virtual galleries of information. A particular feature is the early computing pioneer [[Alan Turing]], among others.<ref name="babbhfb05" />

This [[virtual museum]] was founded by [[Jonathan Bowen]] on 1 June 1995 (announced on 2 June 1995<ref>{{cite web| url=https://groups.google.com/g/comp.infosystems.www.announce/c/RgvN41nOvEM/m/nr1Verx70osJ | title=The Virtual Museum of Computing | work=[[Google Groups]] | publisher=[[Google]] | date=2 June 1995 }}</ref>), originally at the [[Oxford University Computing Laboratory]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite journal| first=Jonathan P. | last=Bowen | authorlink=Jonathan Bowen | url=http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article030103.html | title=A Brief History of Early Museums Online | journal=[[The Rutherford Journal]] | volume=3 | year=2010 }}</ref> It has been supported by [[Museophile Limited]]<ref>{{cite web |url=//vmoc.museophile.org/ |title=Virtual Museum of Computing |work=[[Museophile Limited]] |access-date=16 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235337/http://vmoc.museophile.org/ |archive-date=September 26, 2007 }}</ref> and forms part of VLmp, supported by the [[International Council of Museums]] (ICOM).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/computing.html | title=Virtual Museum of Computing | publisher=[[International Council of Museums]] | work=[[Virtual Library museums pages]] | access-date=16 May 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010105238/http://archives.icom.museum/vlmp/computing.html | archive-date=10 October 2014 }}</ref> VMoC was subsequently hosted at the [[University of Reading]] and [[London South Bank University]], and was mirrored around the world as part of VLmp. It is now available in archival form as a [[wiki]] on the ''MuseumsWiki'', hosted on [[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] (formerly [[Wikia]]).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://museums.fandom.com/VMoC | title=Virtual Museum of Computing | work=MuseumsWiki | publisher=[[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] | accessdate=24 June 2021 }}</ref>

The resource has been widely cited in books<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Virtual+Museum+of+Computing%22+VMoC&tbm=bks | title=Virtual Museum of Computing VMoC | work=[[Google Books]] | publisher=[[Google]] | accessdate=24 July 2022 }}</ref> and academic publications.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Virtual+Museum+of+Computing%22+VMoC | title=Virtual Museum of Computing VMoC | work=[[Google Scholar]] | publisher=[[Google]] | accessdate=24 July 2022 }}</ref> It was created tp provide information on computer history<ref>{{cite article| title=Computer History on the Move | first1=Graham | last1=Farr | first2=Barbara | last2=Ainsworth | first3=Chris | last3=Avram | first4=Judy | last4=Sheard | work=SIGCSE '16: Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education | date=February 2016 | pages=528–533 | publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] | doi=10.1145/2839509.2844575 }}</ref> and act as an educational resource.<ref>{{cite book| last=Lee | first=J.A.N. | date=2004 | chapter=History of Computing in Education | editor-last1=Impagliazzo | editor-first1=J. | editor-last2=Lee | editor-first2=J.A.N. | title=History of Computing in Education | series=[[International Federation for Information Processing|IFIP]] Advances in Information and Communication Technology | volume=145 | publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] | location=New York, NY | doi=10.1007/1-4020-8136-7_1 }}</ref> It has hosted information on history of computing events.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://history.computer.org/annals/extras/es27-2.html | title=Events and Sightings Web Extras | editor-first=Chigusa | editor-last=Kita | website=history.computer.org | accessdate=24 July 2022 }}</ref> The resource has been described internationally, including in [[Russian]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/virtualnye-muzei-analiz-ponyatiya | first=Т. Е. | last=Максимова | title=Виртуальные музеи: анализ понятия | trans-title=Virtual museums: analysis of the concept | website=cyberleninka.ru | accessdate=24 June 2022 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Library and Archival Exhibitions on the Web]]
* [[Library and Archival Exhibitions on the Web]]
* [[List of museums]]
* [[List of museums]]
* [[Virtual museum]]
* [[World Wide Web Virtual Library]]


{{clear}}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|20em}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [https://museums.fandom.com/wiki/Virtual_Library_museums_pages Virtual Library museums pages] on [https://museums.fandom.com/ MuseumsWiki]
* [https://museums.fandom.com/wiki/Virtual_Library_museums_pages Virtual Library museums pages] archival site [https://museums.fandom.com/ MuseumsWiki]
* [http://www.museum.ru/mirror/vlmp/default.htm Example VLmp mirror site]


[[Category:1994 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in England]]
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[[Category:International Council of Museums]]
[[Category:International Council of Museums]]
[[Category:Museum informatics]]
[[Category:Museum informatics]]



{{museum-stub}}
{{museum-stub}}

Revision as of 20:48, 27 July 2022

Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp)
VLmp logo
VLmp logo
Available inEnglish
Founded1994
HeadquartersUniversity of Oxford (in 1994),
Oxford
,
United Kingdom
Area servedWorldwide
Created byJonathan Bowen et al.
Founder(s)Jonathan Bowen
IndustryMuseums
ServicesWeb directory
ParentVirtual Library;
International Council of Museums
URLmuseums.fandom.com
Launched1994
Current statusHosted by MuseumsWiki

The Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp) formed an early leading directory of online museums around the world.[1][2]

History

The VLmp online directory resource was founded by Jonathan Bowen in 1994, originally at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in the United Kingdom,[3][4] It has been supported by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) and Museophile Limited.[5][6] as part of the World Wide Web Virtual Library, initiated by Tim Berners-Lee and later managed by Arthur Secret.[7] The main VLmp site moved to London South Bank University in the early 2000s and is now hosted on the MuseumsWiki wiki, established in 2006 and hosted by Fandom (previously Wikia).[8]

The directory was developed and organised in a distributed manner by country, with around twenty people in different countries maintaining various sections. Canada, through the Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN),[9] was the first country to become involved. The MDA maintained the United Kingdom section of museums,[10] later the Collections Trust.[11] The Historisches Centrum Hagen has maintained and hosted pages for Germany.[12] Other countries actively participating included Romania.[13] In total, around 20 countries were involved.[5]

The directory was influential in the museum field during the 1990s and 2000s.[14][15] It was used as a standard starting point to find museums online.[16] It was useful for monitoring the growth of museums internationally online.[17] It was also used for online museum surveys.[18][19] It was recommended as an educational resource[20][21] and included a search facility.[22]

Virtual Museum of Computing

Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC)
Alan Turing portrait
The pioneer of computer science, Alan Turing, who has featured especially in the Virtual Museum of Computing, in collaboration with Andrew Hodges.[23]
Available inEnglish
Founded1 June 1995 (1995-06-01)
HeadquartersUniversity of Oxford (in 1995),
Oxford
,
United Kingdom
Country of originUnited Kingdom
No. of locationsMirror sites around the world
Area servedWorldwide
OwnerInternational Council of Museums (ICOM)
Created byJonathan Bowen
Founder(s)Oxford University Computing Laboratory
EditorsJonathan Bowen, Andrew Hodges
Key peopleJonathan Bowen
IndustryMuseums
ServicesVirtual museum
ParentVirtual Library museums pages (VLmp)
URLmuseums.fandom.com
CommercialNo
Launched2 June 1995; 28 years ago (1995-06-02)
Current statusArchival site hosted by MuseumsWiki

The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC), part of the Virtual Library museums pages, was created as an eclectic collection of links and online resources concerning the history of computers and computer science.[24][25][23] It was designed to provided links to other related computing museums, both real and virtual, around the world, as well as having its own virtual galleries of information. A particular feature is the early computing pioneer Alan Turing, among others.[23]

This virtual museum was founded by Jonathan Bowen on 1 June 1995 (announced on 2 June 1995[26]), originally at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in the United Kingdom.[27] It has been supported by Museophile Limited[28] and forms part of VLmp, supported by the International Council of Museums (ICOM).[29] VMoC was subsequently hosted at the University of Reading and London South Bank University, and was mirrored around the world as part of VLmp. It is now available in archival form as a wiki on the MuseumsWiki, hosted on Fandom (formerly Wikia).[30]

The resource has been widely cited in books[31] and academic publications.[32] It was created tp provide information on computer history[33] and act as an educational resource.[34] It has hosted information on history of computing events.[35] The resource has been described internationally, including in Russian.[36]

See also

References

  1. ^ Turner, Nancy B. (1999). "Virtual Library Museums Pages". Electronic Resources Review. 3 (2). Emerald Group Publishing: 27–28. doi:10.1108/err.1999.3.2.27.26. ISSN 1364-5137.
  2. ^ Template:Cite article
  3. ^ Bowen, Jonathan P. (2002). "Weaving the Museum Web: The Virtual Library museums pages". Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems. 36 (4): 236–252. doi:10.1108/00330330210447208.
  4. ^ Bowen, Jonathan P. (1997). Bearman, David; Trant, Jennifer (eds.). "The Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp): Whence and Whither?". Museums and the Web, 1997: Selected Papers. Archives & Museum Informatics, 5501 Walnut Street, Suite 203, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232-2311, USA. pp. 9–25.
  5. ^ a b "Virtual Library museums pages". archives.icom.museum. International Council of Museums. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  6. ^ "VLmp: The Virtual Library museums pages". ICOM News: Newsletter of the International Council of Museums. 52 (1&2): 9. 1999.
  7. ^ "The WWW Virtual Library: About the Virtual Library". The WWW Virtual Library. February 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Virtual Library museums pages". MuseumsWiki. Fandom. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Reference Internet Resources – Quick Reference – Museums/Galleries". Library and Archives Canada. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  10. ^ "Museums around the UK on the Web". MDA. 2008. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  11. ^ "Museums around the UK on the Web". Collections Trust. 2010. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Online Activities". Germany: Historisches Centrum Hagen. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  13. ^ Oberlaender-Tarnoveanu, L. (1999). "CIMEC – A Web Site for Romanian Archaeology: Dissemination by Integration" (PDF). Bar International Series. Vol. 750. pp. 169–174.
  14. ^ Trant, Jennifer (1999). "When all you've got is "The Real Thing": Museums and authenticity in the networked world". Archives and Museum Informatics. 12 (2): 107–125. doi:10.1023/A:1009041909517.
  15. ^ Tedd, Lucy A. (2006). "Program: a record of the first 40 years of electronic library and information systems" (PDF). Program. 40 (1): 11–26. doi:10.1108/00330330610646780.
  16. ^ Veltman, Kim H. (2002). "Challenges of virtual and digital culture" (PDF). Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Employment and Cultural Heritage, Economic Development and New Technologies in the Information and Knowledge Society.
  17. ^ Veltman, Kim H. (2001). Valentino, P.; Mossetto, G. (eds.). "Developments in Virtual Museums ("La crescita nel settore dei musei virtuali")" (PDF). Museo contro museo. Le strategie, gli strumenti, i risultati (in Italian). Giunti, Firenze.
  18. ^ Hertzum, Morten (1999). "A review of museum web sites: in search of user-centred design". Archives and Museum Informatics. 12 (2): 127–138. doi:10.1023/A:1009009104685.
  19. ^ Flor, Carla; Vanzin, Tarcisco; Ulbricht, Vania Ribas. "Virtual Museums: Diagnosis Accessibility ("Museus Virtuais: Diagnóstico de Acessibilidade")". Hipermídias: Interfaces Digitais em Ead: 126–152, 187–189. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.697.563.
  20. ^ Mohta, Viraf D. (1997). The World Wide Web For Kids & Parents. Wiley. p. 106. ISBN 978-0764500985.
  21. ^ Provenzo, Eugene F.; Gotthoffer, Doug (2000). Quick guide to the Internet for education. Allyn and Bacon. p. 104. ISBN 978-0205309627.
  22. ^ Brano, Rovy (1 September 2001). "Web & Wild – Virtual Library Museum Pages" (PDF). TechTrends. 45 (5). Springer: 49, 24. doi:10.1007/BF03017091. S2CID 189911244.
  23. ^ a b c Bowen, Jonathan P.; Angus, Jim; Bennet, Jim; Borda, Ann; Hodges, Andrew; Filippini-Fantoni, Silvia; Beler, Alpay (2005). "The Development of Science Museum Websites: Case Studies (Chapter XVIII)". In Hin, Leo Tan Wee; Subramaniam, Ramanathan (eds.). E-learning and Virtual Science Centers, Section 3: Case Studies. Hershey, USA: Idea Group Publishing. pp. 366–392.
  24. ^ "Virtual Museum of Computing Web Site". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 18 (4): 67. 1996.
  25. ^ Template:Cite article
  26. ^ "The Virtual Museum of Computing". Google Groups. Google. 2 June 1995.
  27. ^ Bowen, Jonathan P. (2010). "A Brief History of Early Museums Online". The Rutherford Journal. 3.
  28. ^ "Virtual Museum of Computing". Museophile Limited. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  29. ^ "Virtual Museum of Computing". Virtual Library museums pages. International Council of Museums. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  30. ^ "Virtual Museum of Computing". MuseumsWiki. Fandom. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  31. ^ "Virtual Museum of Computing VMoC". Google Books. Google. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  32. ^ "Virtual Museum of Computing VMoC". Google Scholar. Google. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  33. ^ Template:Cite article
  34. ^ Lee, J.A.N. (2004). "History of Computing in Education". In Impagliazzo, J.; Lee, J.A.N. (eds.). History of Computing in Education. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Vol. 145. New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/1-4020-8136-7_1.
  35. ^ Kita, Chigusa (ed.). "Events and Sightings Web Extras". history.computer.org. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  36. ^ Максимова, Т. Е. "Виртуальные музеи: анализ понятия" [Virtual museums: analysis of the concept]. cyberleninka.ru. Retrieved 24 June 2022.

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