List of glues: Difference between revisions

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There are many adhesive substances that are considered or commonly referred to as "glue".{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
There are many adhesive substances that are considered or commonly referred to as "glue".{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}


==Plant- and animal-based adhesives==

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
|-
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! scope="col" width="30" | Uses
! scope="col" width="30" | Uses
! scope="col" width="30" | Date
! scope="col" width="30" | Date
|-
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
!Roasted hydrocarbons
!Roasted hydrocarbons
! scope="row" style=text-align:right |[[Tar]], [[Pitch (resin)|pitch]], and [[Asphalt|asphalt/ bitumen]]
! align="center" |[[Tar]], [[Pitch (resin)|pitch]], and [[Asphalt|asphalt/ bitumen]]
| align=center | Made from plants (especially wood) or fossil hydrocarbons
| align="center" | Made from plants (especially wood) or fossil hydrocarbons
|natural or artificial [[destructive distillation]]
|natural or artificial [[destructive distillation]]
| Hydrocarbon goo of no specific chemical formula
| Hydrocarbon goo of no specific chemical formula
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| align="center" | [[Sealant]], [[hafting]]
| align="center" | [[Sealant]], [[hafting]]
| align="center" | prehistoric
| align="center" | prehistoric
|-
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
! rowspan="3" | Mixed-protein glues<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bye |first1=Carolyn N. |chapter=Casein and Mixed Protein Adhesives |title=Handbook of Adhesives |date=1990 |pages=135–152 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-0671-9_7}}</ref>
!Casein glue
! scope="row" style=text-align:right | [[Casein glue]]
! align=center | [[Casein glue]]
| align=center | Milk, limestone and brine
| align=center | Milk, limestone and brine
|[[Milk curd]] is mixed with alkalis
|[[Milk curd]] is mixed with alkalis
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|Medieval or earlier
|Medieval or earlier
|-
|-
!
![[Soybean glue]]
![[Soybean glue]]
|As for casein glue, but using soy protein
|As for casein glue, but using soy protein
|[[Soy protein]] is mixed with alkalis
|[[Soy protein]] is mixed with alkalis
|
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|-
![[Albumin]] glues adhesive (EAA)
|blood ([[serum albumin]]) or [[egg]]s
|
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|
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|-
|-
![[Gelatin|Gelatin glues]]
![[Gelatin|Gelatin glues]]
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" | [[hide glue]], including [[rabbit-skin glue]];
! align="center" | [[hide glue]], including [[rabbit-skin glue]];
bone glue, and fish glue including [[isinglass]]
bone glue, and fish glue including [[isinglass]]
| align="center" | Animal [[connective tissue]]
| align="center" | Animal [[connective tissue]]
and bones
and bones
|hides are acid-treated, neutralized, and repeatedly soaked; the soaking-water is dried into chips
|hides are acid-treated, neutralized, and repeatedly soaked; the soaking-water is dried into chips
|[[collagen]]
|hydrolyzed [[collagen]]
|
|
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
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|
|
|-
|-
![[Albumin]] glues
![[Starch]] glues
![[potato starch]], [[rice glue]], [[wheatpaste]]
!blood serum albumin glue, egg albumin adhesive (EAA)
|starches (plant energy-storage chemicals)
|blood ([[serum albumin]]) or [[egg]]s
|Starch may be purified before being mixed with water; leaving [[gluten]] in makes a more permanent bond
|
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|
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|-
|-
![[Starch]] glues
![[Dextrin|Dextrin glues]]
![[potato starch]], [[rice glue]], [[wheatpaste]]
![[British gum]], [[Coccoina]]
|usually derived from potato starch
|Plant starches
|
|Starch may be purified before being mixed with water; leaving [[gluten]] in makes a more permanent bond
|
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|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
![[Polysaccharide]] glues
![[Dextrin|Dextrin glues]]
![[British gum]], [[Coccoina]]
![[mucilage]], [[agar]], [[algin]]
|
|usually derived from potato starch
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
![[Resorcinol glue]]
!Latex [[rubber cement]]
(cow gum)
!
!
|[[latex]], a coagulating plant fluid, also made synthetically
|synthetic
|latex is dissolved in an organic solvent
|[[resorcinol]] is mixed with [[phenol]] to make a resin; cured by adding [[formaldehyde]]
|
|
|organic solvent evaporates as it sets
|offgasses phenol and formeldehyde
|solvent may be hazardous; latex is an [[Latex allergy|allergen]]
|phenol and formeldehyde are toxic
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!Latex [[rubber cement]]
![[Methyl cellulose]]
(cow gum)
!
!
|[[latex]], a coagulating plant fluid, also made synthetically
|[[cellulose]], a plant structural material, and methyl chloride
|heating cellulose with an alkali and reacting it with [[methyl chloride]]
|latex is dissolved in an organic solvent
|
|
|organic solvent evaporates as it sets
|solvent may be hazardous; latex is an [[Latex allergy|allergen]]
|
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|
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|}

==[[Solvent]]-type glues==

* [[Butanone|Polystyrene cement/Butanone]] (solvent can bond by virtually [[welding]] material together)
* [[Dichloromethane]]

==Synthetic glues==

===Synthetic [[monomer]] glues===
[[Image:Super glue.jpg|thumb|A tube of Super Glue cyanoacrylate]]

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
|-
! scope="col" width="20" | Type
![[Polysaccharide]] glues
! scope="col" width="20" | Subtypes
![[mucilage]], [[agar]], [[algin]]
! scope="col" width="50" | Source(s)
!Manufacture
! scope="col" width="250" | Chemistry
! scope="col" width="200" | Volatiles
! scope="col" align="center" width="100" | Safety
! scope="col" width="80" | Properties
!Shelf life
!Working time
!Setting
!Strength
!Solvents
! scope="col" width="30" | Uses
! scope="col" width="30" | Date
|-
![[Acrylonitrile]]
!
|
|
|
|
|synthetic [[monomer]]
|
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|-
![[Cyanoacrylate]] ("Superglue", "Krazy Glue")
!
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|synthetic [[monomer]]
|
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|
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|-
|-
![[Methyl cellulose]]
![[Methyl acrylate]] ("acrylic")
!
!
|[[cellulose]], a plant structural material, and methyl chloride
|heating cellulose with an alkali and reacting it with [[methyl chloride]]
|
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|
|synthetic [[monomer]]
|
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|
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|}
|}


==Animal-based adhesives==

* [[Animal glue]], [[collagen]]-based adhesives are also called:
** Bone glue
** Fish glue
** Hide glue
** [[Hoof glue]]
* [[Albumin]] glue
* [[Casein]] glue
* [[Meat glue]] (culinary binding agent)

==[[Plant]]-based adhesives==

[[Plant]]-based glues:

* [[Latex]] (natural rubber)
** [[Rubber cement]], also called ''cow gum'' (UK)
* [[Methyl cellulose]]
* [[Mucilage]]
* [[Resin]]s
** Balsam (fir) resins, such as [[Canada balsam]]
** [[Dammar gum]]
** [[Gum arabic|Gum Arabic]] (also called acacia gum)
** [[Mastic (plant resin)]]
** [[Pine resin]]
** [[Resorcinol glue]] is derived from resin
* [[Starch]]-based glues
** [[Potato starch]]
** [[Rice glue]]
** [[Wheatpaste]]
* [[British gum]] or [[Coccoina]] (dextrin generally derived from potato starch)
* [[Urea-formaldehyde]] resin{{clarify|date=August 2022}}

*By use:
** [[Postage stamp gum]] may be a mixture of assorted starch and resin adhesives
** Library paste is usualy starch-based{{cn|date=August 2022}}

==[[Solvent]]-type glues==

* [[Butanone|Polystyrene cement/Butanone]] (Solvent can bond by virtually [[welding]] material together)
* [[Dichloromethane]]

==Synthetic glues==

===Synthetic [[monomer]] glues===
[[Image:Super glue.jpg|thumb|A tube of Super Glue cyanoacrylate]]

* [[Acrylonitrile]]
* [[Cyanoacrylate]] ("Superglue", "Krazy Glue")
* [[Methyl acrylate|Acrylic]]
* [[Resorcinol glue]]


===Synthetic [[polymer]] glues===
===Synthetic [[polymer]] glues===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" width="20" | Type
! scope="col" width="20" | Subtypes
! scope="col" width="50" | Source(s)
!Manufacture
! scope="col" width="250" | Chemistry
! scope="col" width="200" | Volatiles
! scope="col" align="center" width="100" | Safety
! scope="col" width="80" | Properties
!Shelf life
!Working time
!Setting
!Strength
!Solvents
! scope="col" width="30" | Uses
! scope="col" width="30" | Date
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|-
! [[Phenol formaldehyde resin]]s (PF), also called phenolic resins
! [[Resorcinol glue]], [[Para tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin]]
|synthetic
|[[resorcinol]] or similar is mixed with [[phenol]] to make a resin; cured by adding [[formaldehyde]]
|
|offgasses phenol and formeldehyde
|phenol and formeldehyde are toxic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Urea-formaldehyde]] glue
!
|synthetic
|[[urea]] and [[formaldehyde]]
|
|offgasses urea and formeldehyde
|formeldehyde is toxic, urea is an irritant
|
|
|
|
|[[thermosetting]]
|
|
|}


* [[Epoxy]] resins
* [[Epoxy]] resins
** [[Epoxy putty]]
** [[Epoxy putty]]
* [[Ethylene-vinyl acetate]] (a [[Hot glue|hot-melt glue]])
* [[Ethylene-vinyl acetate]] (a [[Hot glue|hot-melt glue]])
* [[Phenol formaldehyde resin]]
* [[Polyamide]]
* [[Polyamide]]
* [[Polyester resin]]s
* [[Polyester resin]]s
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* [[Silyl modified polymers]]
* [[Silyl modified polymers]]
* Styrene acrylic copolymer – e.g. "No More Nails"
* Styrene acrylic copolymer – e.g. "No More Nails"

==By use==
* [[Postage stamp gum]] may be a mixture of assorted starch and resin adhesives
* [[Library paste]] is usually starch-based{{cn|date=August 2022}}
* [[Meat glue]] is a variety of culinary binding agents


[[Category:Adhesives| ]]
[[Category:Adhesives| ]]

Revision as of 19:12, 28 August 2022

See adhesive for general discussion of glue.

This is a list of various types of glue. Historically, the term "glue" only referred to protein colloids prepared from animal flesh. The meaning has been extended to refer to any fluid adhesive.

There are many adhesive substances that are considered or commonly referred to as "glue".

Plant- and animal-based adhesives

Type Subtypes Source(s) Manufacture Chemistry Volatiles Safety Properties Shelf life Working time Setting Strength Solvents Uses Date
Roasted hydrocarbons Tar, pitch, and asphalt/ bitumen Made from plants (especially wood) or fossil hydrocarbons natural or artificial destructive distillation Hydrocarbon goo of no specific chemical formula Emits Volatile organic compounds, especially when heated health effects understudied (see Asphalt#Health and safety) dark, viscous, more flexible when heated Indefinite, may stiffen Indefinite Reversibly becomes more flexible and fluid when heated water-repellant, Sealant, hafting prehistoric
Mixed-protein glues[1] Casein glue Milk, limestone and brine Milk curd is mixed with alkalis non-toxic (preservatives excepted) Once wet, 6-7 hours. ~4 hours for softwood, 8 for hardwood; must be under pressure for >0.5-2 hrs tensile strength exceeds most woods, 2,200-3,00 pounds per square inch water-resistant, depending on alkalis used Woodworking, paper glue, fireproof laminates Medieval or earlier
Soybean glue As for casein glue, but using soy protein Soy protein is mixed with alkalis
Albumin glues adhesive (EAA) blood (serum albumin) or eggs
Gelatin glues hide glue, including rabbit-skin glue;

bone glue, and fish glue including isinglass

Animal connective tissue

and bones

hides are acid-treated, neutralized, and repeatedly soaked; the soaking-water is dried into chips hydrolyzed collagen Until it cools Somewhat brittle when set Water-soluble Cabinetmaking, bookbinding, lutherie, glue-size
Keratin glues Hoof glue and horn glue hooves of ungulates, animal horns Hooves or horns are fragmented, boiled into goo, and acidified partially- hydrolyzed keratin Until it cools Hardens as it cools, but does not become brittle Gluing and stiffening textiles, cabinetmaking, glass sealant
Waxes Beeswax made by insects
Starch glues potato starch, rice glue, wheatpaste starches (plant energy-storage chemicals) Starch may be purified before being mixed with water; leaving gluten in makes a more permanent bond
Dextrin glues British gum, Coccoina usually derived from potato starch
Polysaccharide glues mucilage, agar, algin
Tree gums/resins Balsam (fir) resins, such as Canada balsam, Dammar gum, Gum Arabic (also called acacia gum), Mastic
Latex rubber cement

(cow gum)

latex, a coagulating plant fluid, also made synthetically latex is dissolved in an organic solvent organic solvent evaporates as it sets solvent may be hazardous; latex is an allergen
Methyl cellulose cellulose, a plant structural material, and methyl chloride heating cellulose with an alkali and reacting it with methyl chloride

Solvent-type glues

Synthetic glues

Synthetic monomer glues

A tube of Super Glue cyanoacrylate
Type Subtypes Source(s) Manufacture Chemistry Volatiles Safety Properties Shelf life Working time Setting Strength Solvents Uses Date
Acrylonitrile synthetic monomer
Cyanoacrylate ("Superglue", "Krazy Glue") synthetic monomer
Methyl acrylate ("acrylic") synthetic monomer

Synthetic polymer glues

Type Subtypes Source(s) Manufacture Chemistry Volatiles Safety Properties Shelf life Working time Setting Strength Solvents Uses Date
Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF), also called phenolic resins Resorcinol glue, Para tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin synthetic resorcinol or similar is mixed with phenol to make a resin; cured by adding formaldehyde offgasses phenol and formeldehyde phenol and formeldehyde are toxic
Urea-formaldehyde glue synthetic urea and formaldehyde offgasses urea and formeldehyde formeldehyde is toxic, urea is an irritant thermosetting

By use

  1. ^ Bye, Carolyn N. (1990). "Casein and Mixed Protein Adhesives". Handbook of Adhesives. pp. 135–152. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0671-9_7.
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