Precision medicine: Difference between revisions
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Inter-personal difference of [[molecular pathology]] is diverse, so as inter-personal difference in the [[exposome]], which influence disease processes through the [[interactome]] within the [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] [[Microenvironment (biology)|microenvironment]], differentially from person to person. As the theoretical basis of precision medicine, the "unique disease principle"<ref>Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt AJ, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013;26:465-484.</ref> emerged to embrace the ubiquitous [[phenomenon]] of [[heterogeneity]] of [[disease]] [[etiology]] and [[pathogenesis]]. The unique disease principle was first described in neoplastic diseases as the unique tumor principle.<ref>Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; 12: 621-628.</ref> As the exposome is a common [[concept]] of [[epidemiology]], precision medicine is intertwined with [[molecular pathological epidemiology]] (MPE). MPE research is capable of identifying potential [[biomarkers]] for precision medicine.<ref>Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology. Oncogene advance online publication 24 June 2013; doi: 10.1038/onc.2013.244</ref> |
Inter-personal difference of [[molecular pathology]] is diverse, so as inter-personal difference in the [[exposome]], which influence disease processes through the [[interactome]] within the [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] [[Microenvironment (biology)|microenvironment]], differentially from person to person. As the theoretical basis of precision medicine, the "unique disease principle"<ref>Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt AJ, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013;26:465-484.</ref> emerged to embrace the ubiquitous [[phenomenon]] of [[heterogeneity]] of [[disease]] [[etiology]] and [[pathogenesis]]. The unique disease principle was first described in neoplastic diseases as the unique tumor principle.<ref>Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; 12: 621-628.</ref> As the exposome is a common [[concept]] of [[epidemiology]], precision medicine is intertwined with [[molecular pathological epidemiology]] (MPE). MPE research is capable of identifying potential [[biomarkers]] for precision medicine.<ref>Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology. Oncogene advance online publication 24 June 2013; doi: 10.1038/onc.2013.244</ref> |
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=== Practicing precision medicine === |
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Ability to provide precision medicine to patients in routine clinical testing depends on the availability of molecular profiling tests. For example, test individual [[germline]] [[DNA]]. Many different aspects of precision medicine are tested in research settings (e.g., proteome, microbiom), but routine practice may not use all available inputs. Ability to practice precision medicine is also dependent on the available knowledge bases available to assist clinician in taking action based on test results <ref name="pm">{{cite pmid|25276091}}</ref>. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 09:10, 24 October 2014
Precision medicine is the application of panomic analysis and systems biology to analyze the cause of an individual patient's disease at the molecular level and then to utilize targeted treatments (possibly in combination) to address that individual patient's disease process. The patient's response is then tracked as closely as possible, often using surrogate measures such as tumor load (v. true outcomes, such as 5 year survival rate), and the treatment finely adapted to the patient's response.[1] The branch of precision medicine that addresses cancer is referred to as "precision oncology".[2]
Inter-personal difference of molecular pathology is diverse, so as inter-personal difference in the exposome, which influence disease processes through the interactome within the tissue microenvironment, differentially from person to person. As the theoretical basis of precision medicine, the "unique disease principle"[3] emerged to embrace the ubiquitous phenomenon of heterogeneity of disease etiology and pathogenesis. The unique disease principle was first described in neoplastic diseases as the unique tumor principle.[4] As the exposome is a common concept of epidemiology, precision medicine is intertwined with molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE). MPE research is capable of identifying potential biomarkers for precision medicine.[5]
Practicing precision medicine
Ability to provide precision medicine to patients in routine clinical testing depends on the availability of molecular profiling tests. For example, test individual germline DNA. Many different aspects of precision medicine are tested in research settings (e.g., proteome, microbiom), but routine practice may not use all available inputs. Ability to practice precision medicine is also dependent on the available knowledge bases available to assist clinician in taking action based on test results [6].
See also
- Evidence-based medicine
- Molecular medicine
- Molecular diagnostics
- Molecular pathology
- Molecular pathological epidemiology
- Personalized medicine
- Unique disease principle
References
- ^ Blau, CA, Liakopoulou, E (2013). "Can we deconstruct cancer, one patient at a time?". Trends in Genetics. 29 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2012.09.004.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Levi A. Garraway, Jaap Verweij and Karla V. Ballman (2013). "Precision Oncology: An Overview". J. Clinical Oncology. 31 (15): 1803–1805. doi:10.1200/jco.2013.49.4799.
- ^ Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt AJ, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013;26:465-484.
- ^ Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2012; 12: 621-628.
- ^ Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology. Oncogene advance online publication 24 June 2013; doi: 10.1038/onc.2013.244
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 25276091, please use {{cite journal}} with
|pmid=25276091instead.