Mediterranean seas: Difference between revisions

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===The mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean===
===The mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean===


* The namesake [[Mediterranean Sea]] including the [[Black Sea]], the [[Sea of Azov]], the [[Aegean Sea]], the [[Adriatic Sea]], the [[Ligurian Sea]], the [[Balearic Sea]], the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]], the [[Ionian Sea]], and the [[Sea of Marmara]].
* The namesake [[Mediterranean Sea]], including the [[Black Sea]], the [[Sea of Azov]], the [[Aegean Sea]], the [[Adriatic Sea]], the [[Ligurian Sea]], the [[Balearic Sea]], the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]], the [[Ionian Sea]], and the [[Sea of Marmara]].
* The [[Arctic Ocean]] (or ''the Arctic Mediterranean Sea'',<ref>Günther Dietrich, ''General oceanography: an introduction'' Wiley, 1980, [https://books.google.com/books?id=opsTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22arctic+mediterranean+sea%22&dq=%22arctic+mediterranean+sea%22&hl=nl&ei=JsdqTN6EJcbGOPf3iY4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ p. 501]</ref> considered an ocean by many)
* The [[Arctic Ocean]] (or ''Arctic Mediterranean Sea'',<ref>Günther Dietrich, ''General oceanography: an introduction'' Wiley, 1980, [https://books.google.com/books?id=opsTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22arctic+mediterranean+sea%22&dq=%22arctic+mediterranean+sea%22&hl=nl&ei=JsdqTN6EJcbGOPf3iY4J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ p. 501]</ref> which many regard as an ocean)
* The [[American Mediterranean Sea]]: the combination of the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and the [[Caribbean Sea]].<ref>Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson and R. H. Fleming; ''The Oceans Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology,'' Prentice–Hall, 1942, pp. 15, 35 and 637–643 [http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt167nb66r;brand=eschol]</ref>
* The [[American Mediterranean Sea]]: the combination of the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and the [[Caribbean Sea]].<ref>Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson and R. H. Fleming; ''The Oceans Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology,'' Prentice–Hall, 1942, pp. 15, 35 and 637–643 [http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt167nb66r;brand=eschol]</ref>
* The [[Baltic Sea]]
* The [[Baltic Sea]]
* [[Baffin Bay]]<ref>Tang, C. et al. "The Circulation, Water Masses and Sea-ice of Baffin Bay." Progress In Oceanography 63.4 (2004): 183–228</ref>
* [[Baffin Bay]]<ref>
Tang, C. et al. "The Circulation, Water Masses and Sea-ice of Baffin Bay." Progress In Oceanography 63.4 (2004): 183–228
</ref>


===The mediterranean seas of the Indian Ocean===
===The mediterranean seas of the Indian Ocean===
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* The [[Persian Gulf]]
* The [[Persian Gulf]]
* The [[Red Sea]]
* The [[Red Sea]]
* The [[Australasian Mediterranean Sea]] (including the [[Banda Sea | Banda]], [[Sulu Sea | Sulu]], [[Celebes Sea | Sulawesi]] and [[Java Sea]]s)<ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Kämpf
| first1 = Jochen
| chapter = 5.5.2 : Mediterranean Seas
| title = Advanced Ocean Modelling: Using Open-Source Software
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RBOYdrWjhSQC
| location = Heidelberg
| publisher = Springer Science & Business Media
| publication-date = 2010
| page = 138
| isbn = 9783642106101
| access-date = 2017-09-05
| quote = Mediterranean seas of the Indian Ocean are the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, and the Australasian Mediterranean Sea, including the Banda, Sulu, Sulawesi and Java Seas, being connected with the Pacific Ocean.
}}
</ref>


==Types of mediterranean seas==
==Types of mediterranean seas==

Revision as of 23:18, 5 September 2017

A mediterranean sea /ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ is, in oceanography, a mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of water with outer oceans and with water circulation dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. The similarly-named Mediterranean Sea, which is almost completely enclosed by Europe, Asia, and Africa, is an example.

List of mediterranean seas

The mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean

The mediterranean seas of the Indian Ocean

Types of mediterranean seas

There are two types of mediterranean sea

Concentration basin

  • A concentration basin has a higher salinity than the outer ocean due to evaporation, and its water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel.
    • The Red Sea
    • The Persian Gulf
    • The Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea is also a concentration basin as a whole, but the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea are dilution basins (see below) owing to the Danube, Don, and Dnieper Rivers and the Po River respectively.

Dilution basin

  • A dilution basin has a lower salinity due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers, and its water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom.
    • The Arctic Ocean
    • The American Mediterranean Sea
    • The Baltic Sea
    • Baffin Bay
    • The Australasian Mediterranean Sea

Exceptions

  • The Hudson Bay is so shallow it functions like a huge estuary.[citation needed]
  • Having shallow channels and deep basins, the Sea of Japan could form a mediterranean sea, but the strong currents from the Pacific prevent it from having an independent water circulation.
  • The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea, alleged to be the largest body of brackish water in the world (other possibilities include the Black Sea). It occupies a basin formed by glacial erosion.

See also

References

  • Matthias Tomczak and J. Stuart Godfrey. 2003. Regional Oceanography: an Introduction. (online) p. 83/84

Notes

  1. ^ Günther Dietrich, General oceanography: an introduction Wiley, 1980, p. 501
  2. ^ Sverdrup, H. U., M. W. Johnson and R. H. Fleming; The Oceans Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology, Prentice–Hall, 1942, pp. 15, 35 and 637–643 [1]
  3. ^ Tang, C. et al. "The Circulation, Water Masses and Sea-ice of Baffin Bay." Progress In Oceanography 63.4 (2004): 183–228
  4. ^ Kämpf, Jochen (2010). "5.5.2 : Mediterranean Seas". Advanced Ocean Modelling: Using Open-Source Software. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 138. ISBN 9783642106101. Retrieved 2017-09-05. Mediterranean seas of the Indian Ocean are the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, and the Australasian Mediterranean Sea, including the Banda, Sulu, Sulawesi and Java Seas, being connected with the Pacific Ocean.
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