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{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet=yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1095 Tulipa
| background=#FFFFC0
| background = #D6D6D6
| name=1095 Tulipa
| image =
| discoverer=[[Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]]
| image_size =
| discovered=14 April 1926
| caption =
| named_after=[[Tulip]]
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| mp_category= [[Main Belt]]
| discoverer = [[Karl Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| mpc_name=(1095) Tulipa
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| alt_names=1926 GS
| discovered = 14 April 1926
| epoch=13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
| mpc_name = (1095) Tulipa
| perihelion={{Convert|2.9557582|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| alt_names = 1926 GS{{·}}{{mp|1936 FE|1}}<br />1937 LQ{{·}}1939 VG<br />1941 CC{{·}}1942 JG<br />1942 KB{{·}}{{mp|1952 FE|1}}<br />1954 SO{{·}}{{mp|1954 UG|3}}<br />1955 XO{{·}}{{mp|1956 AD|1}}<br />1959 RM{{·}}1965 VB
| aphelion={{Convert|3.09182|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| pronounced =
| period=5.26 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1920.5 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| named_after = [[Tulip]] {{small|([[flowering plant]])}}<ref name="springer" />
| avg_speed=
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|outer]])}}<br />[[Eos family|Eos]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" />
| eccentricity=0.0224984
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| semimajor={{Convert|3.02378851|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| inclination=10.029893°
| uncertainty = 0
| arg_peri=342.1319126°
| observation_arc = 90.50 yr (33,056 days)
| asc_node=178.5399050°
| aphelion = 3.0918 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| mean_anomaly=69.855650[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| perihelion = 2.9581 AU
| dimensions=29 km
| semimajor = 3.0250 AU
| mass=
| eccentricity = 0.0221
| density=
| period = 5.26 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,922 days)
| surface_grav=
| mean_anomaly = 181.76[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| escape_velocity=
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1873|sup=ms}} / day
| rotation={{Convert|2.78721|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| inclination = 10.030°
| spectral_type=
| asc_node = 178.54°
| abs_magnitude=10.42
| arg_peri = 342.69°
| albedo=0.1208 ± 0.014
| dimensions = {{val|27.875|0.362}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|28.38|0.58}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|28.390|0.124}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|31.52|1.7}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />31.53 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| single_temperature=
| rotation = {{val|2.77}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /><br />{{val|2.787|0.0004}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|2.787|0.001}} h<ref name="Klinglesmith-2017a" /><br />{{val|2.787|}} h{{efn|name=lcdb-Husarik-2011}}<br />{{val|2.787153|0.000002}} h<ref name="Durech-2017b" /><br />{{val|2.78721|0.00003}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|2.7873|0.0001}} h<ref name="Benishek-2015a" /><br />{{val|2.7879|0.0004}} h<ref name="Benishek-2008a" />
| orbit_ref=<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1095 |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1095 Tulipa (1926 GS) |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date=26 March 2016}}</ref>
| albedo = {{val|0.1208|0.014}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.1229 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.146|0.021}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.151|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.1544|0.0356}}<ref name="WISE" />
| mean_radius=15.76 ± 0.85 km
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.720&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.370&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| observation_arc=32808 days (89.82 yr)
| abs_magnitude = {{val|10.138|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}10.40<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Binzel-1987b" />{{·}}10.42<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" />{{·}}{{val|10.47|0.25}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
| uncertainty=0
| moid={{Convert|1.96296|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid={{Convert|1.87399|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mean_motion=0.18744634°/day
}}
}}


'''1095 Tulipa''', provisional designation {{mpf|1926 GS}}, is an Eoan [[asteroid]] from the outer regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] at the [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory]] in southwest Germany on 14 April 1926.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after the flower [[Tulip]] (lat. ''Tulipa''). Originally, the name was redundantly assigned to Florian asteroid [[1449&nbsp;Virtanen]].<ref name="springer" />
'''1095 Tulipa''' is a [[minor planet]] orbiting the [[Sun]]. Initially it received the designation ''1926 GS''. The numerical designation indicates this was the 1095th asteroid discovered. It is a member of the [[Eos family]]


== Orbit and classification ==
==See also==


''Tulipa'' is a member the [[Eos family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#606|606]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> the largest [[asteroid family]] of the [[Kirkwood gap|outer]] main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 known asteroids.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|outer]] main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.1&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 5 years and 3 months (1,922 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.02 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 10[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
[[List of asteroids/1001–2000]]


The asteroid was first observed at Heidelberg on the night of its official discovery observation. The body's [[observation arc]] begins much later with its identification as {{mpf|1941 CC}} at [[Turku Observatory]] in February 1941, or almost 15 years after its discovery.<ref name="MPC-object" />
==References==
{{Reflist}}


== Physical characteristics ==
==External links==
* [http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs.txt Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets]
* {{JPL small body}}


''Tulipa'' is an assumed stony [[S-type asteroid|S-type]],<ref name="lcdb" /> while the Eoan family's overall [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]] is that of a [[K-type asteroid|K-type]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
{{Minor planets navigator|1094 Siberia|number=1095|1096 Reunerta}}


=== Rotation period ===
{{Small Solar System bodies}}


A large number of rotational [[lightcurve]]s of ''Tulipa'' have been obtained from photometric observations since 1983. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a consolidated [[rotation period]] of 2.78721 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3/3-/3-/2+/3/3/3]]}}).<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><ref name="Klinglesmith-2017a" /><ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Benishek-2015a" /><ref name="Benishek-2008a" />{{efn|name=lcdb-Husarik-2011}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:001095}}
[[Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth|Tulipa]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1926|19260414]]
[[Category:Eos asteroids]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Tulipa]]


=== Poles ===


Photometric data gathered with the 60-centimeter BlueEye600 robotic observatory near the [[Ondřejov Observatory]] in the Czech Republic, were used to model a lightcurve with a concurring period of 2.787153 hours and two spin axis of (142.0°, 40.0°) and (349.0°, 56.0°) in [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic coordinates]] (λ,&thinsp;β).<ref name="Durech-2017b" />
{{Beltasteroid-stub}}

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Tulipa'' measures between 27.875 and 31.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.1208 and 0.1544.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="SIMPS" />

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.1229 and a diameter of 31.53 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 10.40.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named after the [[Tulip]] (lat. ''Tulipa''), a genus of spring-blooming showy flowers of the [[Liliaceae]] (lily family). The name "Tulipa" was originally assigned to minor planet {{mpf|1928 DC}}, discovered by Reinmuth on 24 February 1928, which turned out to be identical with [[1449&nbsp;Virtanen]], and was consequently reassigned to {{mpf|1926 GS}} (now 1095&nbsp;Tulipa). The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 103]]}}).<ref name="springer" />

=== Reinmuth's flowers ===

Due to his many discoveries, [[Karl Reinmuth]] submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with [[1054 Forsytia]], that were all named after plants, in particular [[flowering plant]]s ''(also see [[list of minor planets named after animals and plants]])''.<ref name="springer-flowers" />

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lcdb-Husarik-2011|1=Husarik (2011) web: rotation period {{val|2.787}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.20}} mag. Quality Code of 3. Summary figures for (1095) Tulipa at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1095%7CTulipa LCDB]}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2016-10-14 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1095 Tulipa (1926 GS)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001095
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1095) Tulipa
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 93
|date = 2007
|url = https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1096
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer-flowers">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 90
|date = 2007
|url = https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = 19 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1095 Tulipa (1926 GS)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1095
|accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1095) Tulipa
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = Geneva Observatory
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001095
|accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|url = http://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action
|accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite journal
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|title = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01628.pdf
|journal = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1095) Tulipa
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1095%7CTulipa
|accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004PDSS...12.....T
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|url = http://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.6407v1.pdf
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Binzel-1987b">{{Cite journal
|author = Binzel, R. P.
|date = October 1987
|title = A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1987Icar...72..135B
|journal = Icarus
|pages = 135–208
|issn = 0019-1035
|bibcode = 1987Icar...72..135B
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Benishek-2008a">{{Cite journal
|author = Benishek, Vladimir
|date = March 2008
|title = CCD Photometry of Seven Asteroids at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35...28B
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 35
|issue = 1
|pages = 28–30
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2008MPBu...35...28B
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Benishek-2015a">{{Cite journal
|author = Benishek, Vladimir
|date = January 2015
|title = Rotation Period Determinations for 1095 Tulipa, 1626 Sadeya 2132 Zhukov, and 7173 Sepkoski
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015MPBu...42...75B
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 42
|issue = 1
|pages = 75–76
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2015MPBu...42...75B
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Klinglesmith-2017a">{{Cite journal
|author = Klinglesmith, Daniel A., III
|date = January 2017
|title = Asteriod Photometry Results from Etscorn Observatory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2017MPBu...44...69K
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 44
|issue = 1
|pages = 69–72
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2017MPBu...44...69K
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Durech-2017b">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Josef |last1 = Durech
|first2 = Josef |last2 = Hanus
|first3 = Miroslav |last3 = Broz
|first4 = Martin |last4 = Lehky
|first5 = Raoul |last5 = Behrend
|first6 = Pierre |last6 = Antonini
|first7 = Stephane |last7 = Charbonnel
|first8 = Roberto |last8 = Crippa
|first9 = Pierre |last9 = Dubreuil
|first10 = Gino |last10 = Farroni
|first11 = Gilles |last11 = Kober
|first12 = Alain |last12 = Lopez
|first13 = Federico |last13 = Manzini
|first14 = Julian |last14 = Oey
|first15 = Raymond |last15 = Poncy
|first16 = Claudine |last16 = Rinner
|first17 = Rene |last17 = Roy
|date = July 2017
|title = Shape models of asteroids based on lightcurve observations with BlueEye600 robotic observatory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2017arXiv170703637D
|journal = eprint arXiv
|arxiv = 1707.03637
|bibcode = 2017arXiv170703637D
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |1094 Siberia |number=1095 |1096 Reunerta}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tulipa}}
[[Category:Eos asteroids|001095]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|001095]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1926|19260414]]

Revision as of 09:40, 25 September 2017

1095 Tulipa
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date14 April 1926
Designations
(1095) Tulipa
Named after
Tulip (flowering plant)[2]
1926 GS · 1936 FE1
1937 LQ · 1939 VG
1941 CC · 1942 JG
1942 KB · 1952 FE1
1954 SO · 1954 UG3
1955 XO · 1956 AD1
1959 RM · 1965 VB
main-belt · (outer)
Eos [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc90.50 yr (33,056 days)
Aphelion3.0918 AU
Perihelion2.9581 AU
3.0250 AU
Eccentricity0.0221
5.26 yr (1,922 days)
181.76°
0° 11m 14.28s / day
Inclination10.030°
178.54°
342.69°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions27.875±0.362 km[5]
28.38±0.58 km[6]
28.390±0.124 km[7]
31.52±1.7 km[8]
31.53 km (derived)[3]
2.77 h[9]
2.787±0.0004 h[10]
2.787±0.001 h[11]
2.787 h[a]
2.787153±0.000002 h[12]
2.78721±0.00003 h[13]
2.7873±0.0001 h[14]
2.7879±0.0004 h[15]
0.1208±0.014[8]
0.1229 (derived)[3]
0.146±0.021[5]
0.151±0.007[6]
0.1544±0.0356[7]
S (assumed)[3]
B–V = 0.720 [1]
U–B = 0.370 [1]
10.138±0.002 (R)[10] · 10.40[3][7][9] · 10.42[1][6][8] · 10.47±0.25[16]

1095 Tulipa, provisional designation 1926 GS, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany on 14 April 1926.[17] The asteroid was named after the flower Tulip (lat. Tulipa). Originally, the name was redundantly assigned to Florian asteroid 1449 Virtanen.[2]

Orbit and classification

Tulipa is a member the Eos family (606),[4] the largest asteroid family of the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 known asteroids.[18]: 23  It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.1 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,922 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.02 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

The asteroid was first observed at Heidelberg on the night of its official discovery observation. The body's observation arc begins much later with its identification as 1941 CC at Turku Observatory in February 1941, or almost 15 years after its discovery.[17]

Physical characteristics

Tulipa is an assumed stony S-type,[3] while the Eoan family's overall spectral type is that of a K-type.[18]: 23 

Rotation period

A large number of rotational lightcurves of Tulipa have been obtained from photometric observations since 1983. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a consolidated rotation period of 2.78721 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=3/3-/3-/2+/3/3/3).[9][10][11][13][14][15][a]

Poles

Photometric data gathered with the 60-centimeter BlueEye600 robotic observatory near the Ondřejov Observatory in the Czech Republic, were used to model a lightcurve with a concurring period of 2.787153 hours and two spin axis of (142.0°, 40.0°) and (349.0°, 56.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[12]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Tulipa measures between 27.875 and 31.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1208 and 0.1544.[5][6][7][8]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1229 and a diameter of 31.53 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.40.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the Tulip (lat. Tulipa), a genus of spring-blooming showy flowers of the Liliaceae (lily family). The name "Tulipa" was originally assigned to minor planet 1928 DC, discovered by Reinmuth on 24 February 1928, which turned out to be identical with 1449 Virtanen, and was consequently reassigned to 1926 GS (now 1095 Tulipa). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 103).[2]

Reinmuth's flowers

Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[19]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Husarik (2011) web: rotation period 2.787 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.20 mag. Quality Code of 3. Summary figures for (1095) Tulipa at the LCDB

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1095 Tulipa (1926 GS)" (2016-10-14 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1095) Tulipa. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 93. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "LCDB Data for (1095) Tulipa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  9. ^ a b c Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus: 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  10. ^ a b c Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  11. ^ a b Klinglesmith, Daniel A., III (January 2017). "Asteriod Photometry Results from Etscorn Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (1): 69–72. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44...69K. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 25 September 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b Durech, Josef; Hanus, Josef; Broz, Miroslav; Lehky, Martin; Behrend, Raoul; Antonini, Pierre; et al. (July 2017). "Shape models of asteroids based on lightcurve observations with BlueEye600 robotic observatory". eprint arXiv. arXiv:1707.03637. Bibcode:2017arXiv170703637D. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  13. ^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1095) Tulipa". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  14. ^ a b Benishek, Vladimir (January 2015). "Rotation Period Determinations for 1095 Tulipa, 1626 Sadeya 2132 Zhukov, and 7173 Sepkoski". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 42 (1): 75–76. Bibcode:2015MPBu...42...75B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  15. ^ a b Benishek, Vladimir (March 2008). "CCD Photometry of Seven Asteroids at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (1): 28–30. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35...28B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  16. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  17. ^ a b "1095 Tulipa (1926 GS)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  18. ^ a b Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families" (PDF). Asteroids IV: 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  19. ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 19 September 2017.

External links

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