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== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
A proposed cladogram is<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka|first=Katarzyna|last2=Caceres|first2=Eva F.|last3=Saw|first3=Jimmy H.|last4=Bäckström|first4=Disa|last5=Juzokaite|first5=Lina|last6=Vancaester|first6=Emmelien|last7=Seitz|first7=Kiley W.|last8=Anantharaman|first8=Karthik|last9=Starnawski|first9=Piotr|date=2017-01-11|title=Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature21031.html|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=advance online publication|doi=10.1038/nature21031|issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Derelle|first=Romain|last2=Torruella|first2=Guifré|last3=Klimeš|first3=Vladimír|last4=Brinkmann|first4=Henner|last5=Kim|first5=Eunsoo|last6=Vlček|first6=Čestmír|last7=Lang|first7=B. Franz|last8=Eliáš|first8=Marek|date=2015-02-17|title=Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/112/7/E693|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=112|issue=7|pages=E693–E699|doi=10.1073/pnas.1420657112|issn=0027-8424|pmc=4343179|pmid=25646484}}</ref><ref name="cavalier20142">{{cite journal|last2=Chao|first2=E. E.|last3=Snell|first3=E. A.|last4=Berney|first4=C.|last5=Fiore-Donno|first5=A. M.|last6=Lewis|first6=R.|year=2014|title=Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790314002796|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution|volume=81|issue=|pages=71–85|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012|last1=Cavalier-Smith|first1=T.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|date=2010-06-23|title=Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree|url=http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/3/342|journal=Biology Letters|language=en|volume=6|issue=3|pages=342–345|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948|issn=1744-9561|pmc=2880060|pmid=20031978}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=He|first=Ding|last2=Fiz-Palacios|first2=Omar|last3=Fu|first3=Cheng-Jie|last4=Fehling|first4=Johanna|last5=Tsai|first5=Chun-Chieh|last6=Baldauf|first6=Sandra L.|title=An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036|journal=Current Biology|volume=24|issue=4|pages=465–470|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavelier Smith|first=|year=|title=Early evolution of eukaryote ...|url=|journal=Elsevier|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Hug|first=Laura A.|last2=Baker|first2=Brett J.|last3=Anantharaman|first3=Karthik|last4=Brown|first4=Christopher T.|last5=Probst|first5=Alexander J.|last6=Castelle|first6=Cindy J.|last7=Butterfield|first7=Cristina N.|last8=Hernsdorf|first8=Alex W.|last9=Amano|first9=Yuki|date=2016-04-11|title=A new view of the tree of life|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol201648#s1|journal=Nature Microbiology|language=en|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48|issn=2058-5276}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|last2=Chao|first2=Ema E.|last3=Lewis|first3=Rhodri|date=2016-06-01|title=187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031630015X|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=99|pages=275–296|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023}}</ref>
A proposed cladogram is<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka|first=Katarzyna|last2=Caceres|first2=Eva F.|last3=Saw|first3=Jimmy H.|last4=Bäckström|first4=Disa|last5=Juzokaite|first5=Lina|last6=Vancaester|first6=Emmelien|last7=Seitz|first7=Kiley W.|last8=Anantharaman|first8=Karthik|last9=Starnawski|first9=Piotr|date=2017-01-11|title=Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature21031.html|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=advance online publication|doi=10.1038/nature21031|issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Derelle|first=Romain|last2=Torruella|first2=Guifré|last3=Klimeš|first3=Vladimír|last4=Brinkmann|first4=Henner|last5=Kim|first5=Eunsoo|last6=Vlček|first6=Čestmír|last7=Lang|first7=B. Franz|last8=Eliáš|first8=Marek|date=2015-02-17|title=Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/112/7/E693|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=112|issue=7|pages=E693–E699|doi=10.1073/pnas.1420657112|issn=0027-8424|pmc=4343179|pmid=25646484}}</ref><ref name="cavalier20142">{{cite journal|last2=Chao|first2=E. E.|last3=Snell|first3=E. A.|last4=Berney|first4=C.|last5=Fiore-Donno|first5=A. M.|last6=Lewis|first6=R.|year=2014|title=Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790314002796|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution|volume=81|issue=|pages=71–85|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012|last1=Cavalier-Smith|first1=T.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|date=2010-06-23|title=Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree|url=http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/3/342|journal=Biology Letters|language=en|volume=6|issue=3|pages=342–345|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948|issn=1744-9561|pmc=2880060|pmid=20031978}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=He|first=Ding|last2=Fiz-Palacios|first2=Omar|last3=Fu|first3=Cheng-Jie|last4=Fehling|first4=Johanna|last5=Tsai|first5=Chun-Chieh|last6=Baldauf|first6=Sandra L.|title=An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036|journal=Current Biology|volume=24|issue=4|pages=465–470|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavelier Smith|first=|year=|title=Early evolution of eukaryote ...|url=|journal=Elsevier|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Hug|first=Laura A.|last2=Baker|first2=Brett J.|last3=Anantharaman|first3=Karthik|last4=Brown|first4=Christopher T.|last5=Probst|first5=Alexander J.|last6=Castelle|first6=Cindy J.|last7=Butterfield|first7=Cristina N.|last8=Hernsdorf|first8=Alex W.|last9=Amano|first9=Yuki|date=2016-04-11|title=A new view of the tree of life|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol201648#s1|journal=Nature Microbiology|language=en|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48|issn=2058-5276}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|last2=Chao|first2=Ema E.|last3=Lewis|first3=Rhodri|date=2016-06-01|title=187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031630015X|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=99|pages=275–296|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|date=2017-09-05|title=Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3|journal=Protoplasma|language=en|pages=1–61|doi=10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3|issn=0033-183X}}</ref>


{{clade|{{Clade
{{clade|{{Clade
|1={{Clade
⚫
|1=[[Euglenozoa]]
|1=[[Odinarchaeota]]
|2={{Clade
⚫
|1=[[Lokiarchaeota]]
|2=[[Thorarchaeota]]}}}}
|2={{Clade
|state1=dashed
|1=[[Heimdallarchaeota]]
|state2=dashed
|label2=[[Eukaryota]]
|2={{Clade
|1='''[[Tsukubea]]'''
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Percolozoa]]
|label1=[[Discicristata]]
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Tsukubea]]
|1='''[[Euglenozoa]]'''
|2='''[[Percolozoa]]'''
}}
|label2=[[Orthokaryotes]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Jakobea]]
|1='''[[Jakobea]]'''
|label2=Orthokaryotes
|label2=[[Neokaryotes]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Scotokaryotes]]/[[Unikont|Opimoda]]/[[Neozoa]]
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|state1=dashed
|state1=dashed
|1=[[Metamonada]]
|1='''[[Metamonada]]'''
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|state1=dashed
|state1=dashed
|1=[[Malawimonas]]
|1='''[[Malawimonas]]'''
|label2=[[Unikont|Opimoda]]
|label2=[[Sulcozoa]]/[[Podiata]]/[[Sarcomastigota]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Varisulca]]
|1=[[Planomonadida]]
|label2=[[Amorphea]]
|2={{Clade
⚫
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Mantamonadida]]
|2=[[Diphyllatea]]
}}
|label2=[[Amorphea]]/[[Unikont]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Amoebozoa]]
|1=[[Amoebozoa]]
|label2=[[Obazoa]]
|label2=[[Obazoa]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|state1=dashed
|1=[[Breviata]]
|1=[[Breviata]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Apusomonadida]]
|1=[[Apusomonadida]]
|2=[[Opisthokonta]]}}}}}}}}}}}}
|2=[[Opisthokonta]]/[[Choanozoa]]
}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
|label2=[[Bikont|Diphoda]]
|label2=[[Corticata]]/[[Bikont|Diphoda]]/[[Diaphoretickes]]/[[Plants+HC+SAR megagroup|SAR HA Supergroup]]/[[Bikont]]
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Archaeplastida]]
|1=[[Archaeplastida]]
|label2=[[Chromista]]
⚫
|2=[[Cryptomonad|Crytomonadida]]}}
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|state1=dashed
|1=[[Hacrobia]]
|1=[[Haptophyta]]
|2=[[SAR supergroup|SAR]]}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
}}|label1=[[Asgard Archaea]]}}
|2=[[SAR supergroup|SAR]]}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|label1=[[Eukaryota]]}}


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Revision as of 19:24, 28 September 2017

Orthokaryotes
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Orthokaryotes
clades

The Orthokaryotes are a proposed Eukaryote clade consisting of the Unikonts and the Bikonts as sister of for instance the Jakobea. It arises because the Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Tsukubea, and Jakobea are seen in this view as more basal Eukaryotes. These four groups, are traditionally grouped together in the Discoba. However, the Discoba may well be paraphyletic as the Orthokaryotes may have emerged in them.[1]

Taxonomy

A proposed cladogram is[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

Asgard Archaea

References

  1. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001.
  2. ^ Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; Bäckström, Disa; Juzokaite, Lina; Vancaester, Emmelien; Seitz, Kiley W.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Starnawski, Piotr (2017-01-11). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity". Nature. advance online publication. doi:10.1038/nature21031. ISSN 1476-4687.
  3. ^ Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (2015-02-17). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693–E699. doi:10.1073/pnas.1420657112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4343179. PMID 25646484.
  4. ^ Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Snell, E. A.; Berney, C.; Fiore-Donno, A. M.; Lewis, R. (2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012.
  5. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010-06-23). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.
  6. ^ He, Ding; Fiz-Palacios, Omar; Fu, Cheng-Jie; Fehling, Johanna; Tsai, Chun-Chieh; Baldauf, Sandra L. "An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Current Biology. 24 (4): 465–470. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036.
  7. ^ Cavelier Smith. "Early evolution of eukaryote ...". Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001.
  8. ^ Hug, Laura A.; Baker, Brett J.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Brown, Christopher T.; Probst, Alexander J.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Butterfield, Cristina N.; Hernsdorf, Alex W.; Amano, Yuki (2016-04-11). "A new view of the tree of life". Nature Microbiology. 1 (5). doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48. ISSN 2058-5276.
  9. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016-06-01). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023.
  10. ^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017-09-05). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma: 1–61. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN 0033-183X.
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