Solimana (volcano): Difference between revisions
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'''Solimana'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Peru 1:100 000, Cotahuasi (31-q)|last=|first=|publisher=IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional - Perú)|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.academia.edu/12073089/_Coropuna_y_Solimana_los_or%C3%A1culos_de_Condesuyos_en_Adivinaci%C3%B3n_y_or%C3%A1culos_en_el_mundo_andino_antiguo_Curatola_Marco_y_Mariusz_Zi%C3%B3lkowski_Eds._Fondo_Editorial_PUCP_IFEA_Lima_2008_pp._121-_159|title=Adivinación y oráculos en el mundo andino antiguo|last=Ziółkowski|first=Mariusz|publisher=Fondo Editorial PUCP – IFEA|year=2008|isbn=9789972428463|editor-last=Curatola|editor-first=Marco|location=Lima|pages=121–159|chapter=Coropuna y Solimana: los oráculos de Condesuyos|editor-last2=Ziółkowski|editor-first2=Mariusz}}</ref> is a [[volcano|volcanic]] massif in the [[Andes]] of [[Peru]], about {{convert|6093|m|ft|0}} high.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Andes: A Guide for Climbers|last=Biggar|first=John|publisher=Andes|year=2005|isbn=9780953608720|location=|pages=153}}</ref> It is situated in the [[Arequipa Region]], [[Condesuyos Province]], in the districts of [[Chichas District|Chichas]] and [[Salamanca District|Salamanca]], and in the [[La Unión Province, Peru|La Unión Province]], in the districts of [[Cotahuasi District|Cotahuasi]] and [[Toro District|Toro]].<ref>escale.minedu.gob.pe - UGEL Map of the Condesuyos Province (Arequipa Region)</ref> Solimana lies southeast of the volcanoes [[Sara Sara]] and [[Auquihuato]] and northwest of [[Coropuna]] volcano. |
'''Solimana'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Peru 1:100 000, Cotahuasi (31-q)|last=|first=|publisher=IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional - Perú)|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.academia.edu/12073089/_Coropuna_y_Solimana_los_or%C3%A1culos_de_Condesuyos_en_Adivinaci%C3%B3n_y_or%C3%A1culos_en_el_mundo_andino_antiguo_Curatola_Marco_y_Mariusz_Zi%C3%B3lkowski_Eds._Fondo_Editorial_PUCP_IFEA_Lima_2008_pp._121-_159|title=Adivinación y oráculos en el mundo andino antiguo|last=Ziółkowski|first=Mariusz|publisher=Fondo Editorial PUCP – IFEA|year=2008|isbn=9789972428463|editor-last=Curatola|editor-first=Marco|location=Lima|pages=121–159|chapter=Coropuna y Solimana: los oráculos de Condesuyos|editor-last2=Ziółkowski|editor-first2=Mariusz}}</ref> is a [[volcano|volcanic]] massif in the [[Andes]] of [[Peru]], about {{convert|6093|m|ft|0}} high.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Andes: A Guide for Climbers|last=Biggar|first=John|publisher=Andes|year=2005|isbn=9780953608720|location=|pages=153}}</ref> It is situated in the [[Arequipa Region]], [[Condesuyos Province]], in the districts of [[Chichas District|Chichas]] and [[Salamanca District|Salamanca]], and in the [[La Unión Province, Peru|La Unión Province]], in the districts of [[Cotahuasi District|Cotahuasi]] and [[Toro District|Toro]].<ref>escale.minedu.gob.pe - UGEL Map of the Condesuyos Province (Arequipa Region)</ref> Solimana lies southeast of the volcanoes [[Sara Sara]] and [[Auquihuato]] and northwest of [[Coropuna]] volcano. |
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== Geomorphology and geography == |
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=== Regional === |
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Solimana is part of the Peruvian segment of the [[Central Volcanic Zone]] of the Andes. The Central Volcanic Zone in this segment has both generated large [[composite volcano]]es which rise {{convert|2|-|3|km}} above their basement and [[monogenetic]] volcanoes and [[volcanic field]]s. Aside from Solimana, these volcanoes include from northwest to southeast [[Sara Sara]], Solimana itself, [[Coropuna]], [[Andagua volcanic field]], [[Huambo volcanic field]], [[Ampato]], [[Sabancaya]], [[Cerro Nicholson]], [[Chachani]], [[Misti]], [[Ubinas]], [[Huaynaputina]], [[Ticsani]] and [[Tutupaka]], some of which have been active during historical time.<ref name="DelacourGerbe2007-582">{{cite journal|last1=Delacour|first1=Adélie|last2=Gerbe|first2=Marie-Christine|last3=Thouret|first3=Jean-Claude|last4=Wörner|first4=Gerhard|last5=Paquereau-Lebti|first5=Perrine|title=Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru, Central Andes|journal=Bulletin of Volcanology|date=1 April 2007|volume=69|issue=6|page=582|doi=10.1007/s00445-006-0096-z|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-006-0096-z|issn=0258-8900}}</ref> |
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=== Local === |
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Neighbouring [[canyon]]s have begun to incise the edifice.<ref name="KaratsonTelbisz">{{cite journal|last1=Karátson|first1=D.|last2=Telbisz|first2=T.|last3=Wörner|first3=G.|title=Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis|journal=Geomorphology|volume=139-140|page=131|doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.010|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.010}}</ref> |
Neighbouring [[canyon]]s have begun to incise the edifice.<ref name="KaratsonTelbisz">{{cite journal|last1=Karátson|first1=D.|last2=Telbisz|first2=T.|last3=Wörner|first3=G.|title=Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis|journal=Geomorphology|volume=139-140|page=131|doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.010|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.010}}</ref> |
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== Geology == |
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The [[Nazca Plate]] [[subducts]] beneath the [[South America Plate]] at a rate of {{convert|61|±|3|mm/year|in/year}}; it has slowed down since the [[Oligocene]]. This subduction process is responsible for the formation of the Andes mountains in the region.<ref name="DelacourGerbe2007-585" /> |
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=== Composition === |
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The geochemistry of volcanoes of the Central Volcanic Zone typically displays strong evidence of [[crust]]al contamination, which is attributed to the thick crust that has developed in this region.<ref name="DelacourGerbe2007-585">{{cite journal|last1=Delacour|first1=Adélie|last2=Gerbe|first2=Marie-Christine|last3=Thouret|first3=Jean-Claude|last4=Wörner|first4=Gerhard|last5=Paquereau-Lebti|first5=Perrine|title=Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru, Central Andes|journal=Bulletin of Volcanology|date=1 April 2007|volume=69|issue=6|page=585|doi=10.1007/s00445-006-0096-z|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-006-0096-z|issn=0258-8900}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| Solimana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 6,093 m (19,990 ft) |
| Coordinates | 15°24′36″S 72°53′35″W / 15.41000°S 72.89306°W |
| Geography | |
  Solimana Peru | |
| Location | Arequipa Region |
| Parent range | Andes |
Solimana[1][2] is a volcanic massif in the Andes of Peru, about 6,093 metres (19,990 ft) high.[3] It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Condesuyos Province, in the districts of Chichas and Salamanca, and in the La Unión Province, in the districts of Cotahuasi and Toro.[4] Solimana lies southeast of the volcanoes Sara Sara and Auquihuato and northwest of Coropuna volcano.
Geomorphology and geography
Regional
Solimana is part of the Peruvian segment of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. The Central Volcanic Zone in this segment has both generated large composite volcanoes which rise 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi) above their basement and monogenetic volcanoes and volcanic fields. Aside from Solimana, these volcanoes include from northwest to southeast Sara Sara, Solimana itself, Coropuna, Andagua volcanic field, Huambo volcanic field, Ampato, Sabancaya, Cerro Nicholson, Chachani, Misti, Ubinas, Huaynaputina, Ticsani and Tutupaka, some of which have been active during historical time.[5]
Local
Neighbouring canyons have begun to incise the edifice.[6]
Geology
The Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South America Plate at a rate of 61 ± 3 millimetres per year (2.40 ± 0.12 in/year); it has slowed down since the Oligocene. This subduction process is responsible for the formation of the Andes mountains in the region.[7]
Composition
The geochemistry of volcanoes of the Central Volcanic Zone typically displays strong evidence of crustal contamination, which is attributed to the thick crust that has developed in this region.[7]
References
- ^ Peru 1:100 000, Cotahuasi (31-q). IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional - Perú).
- ^ Ziółkowski, Mariusz (2008). "Coropuna y Solimana: los oráculos de Condesuyos". In Curatola, Marco; Ziółkowski, Mariusz (eds.). Adivinación y oráculos en el mundo andino antiguo. Lima: Fondo Editorial PUCP – IFEA. pp. 121–159. ISBN 9789972428463.
- ^ Biggar, John (2005). The Andes: A Guide for Climbers. Andes. p. 153. ISBN 9780953608720.
- ^ escale.minedu.gob.pe - UGEL Map of the Condesuyos Province (Arequipa Region)
- ^ Delacour, Adélie; Gerbe, Marie-Christine; Thouret, Jean-Claude; Wörner, Gerhard; Paquereau-Lebti, Perrine (1 April 2007). "Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru, Central Andes". Bulletin of Volcanology. 69 (6): 582. doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0096-z. ISSN 0258-8900.
- ^ Karátson, D.; Telbisz, T.; Wörner, G. "Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis". Geomorphology. 139–140: 131. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.010.
- ^ a b Delacour, Adélie; Gerbe, Marie-Christine; Thouret, Jean-Claude; Wörner, Gerhard; Paquereau-Lebti, Perrine (1 April 2007). "Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru, Central Andes". Bulletin of Volcanology. 69 (6): 585. doi:10.1007/s00445-006-0096-z. ISSN 0258-8900.
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