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:''See [[Supercluster (genetic)]] for use of the word in [[genetics]].''
:''See [[Supercluster (genetic)]] for use of the word in [[genetics]].''


'''Superclusters''' are the largest confirmed kind of structure in the [[observable universe|Universe]] with sizes up to [[1 E24 m|∼100–150]] [[parsec|Mpc]]. Given their large size and the typical speed of a galaxy of ∼1000 [[kilometer|km]]/[[second|s]], the [[hubble constant]] implies galaxies can only move ∼10 Mpc/h. Therefore, when we observe superclusters today, we are learning about the condition of the universe when these superclusters were created. The alignment and rotational axes of galaxies within superclusters gives us insight into the formation process of galaxies early in the history of the Universe.<ref name="Huetal2006">{{cite journal
⚫
'''Superclusters''' are large groupings of smaller galaxy [[groups and clusters of galaxies|groups and clusters]], and are among the [[Large-scale structure of the cosmos|largest structures]] of the [[cosmos]]. The existence of superclusters indicates that the [[galaxy|galaxies]] in our [[Universe]] are not uniformly distributed; most of them are drawn together in groups and clusters, with groups containing up to 50 galaxies and clusters up to several thousand. Those groups and clusters and additional isolated galaxies in turn form even larger structures called superclusters.
| author=Hu, F. X.; Wu, G. X.; Song, G. X.; Yuan, Q. R.; Okamura, S.
| title=Orientation of Galaxies in the Local Supercluster: A Review
| journal=Astrophysics and Space Science
| year=2006
| volume=302
| pages=Issue 1-4, pp. 43-59
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2006Ap%26SS.302...43H }}</ref>

⚫
Superclusters are large groupings of smaller galaxy [[groups and clusters of galaxies|groups and clusters]], and are among the [[Large-scale structure of the cosmos|largest structures]] of the [[cosmos]]. The existence of superclusters indicates that the [[galaxy|galaxies]] in our [[Universe]] are not uniformly distributed; most of them are drawn together in groups and clusters, with groups containing up to 50 galaxies and clusters up to several thousand. Those groups and clusters and additional isolated galaxies in turn form even larger structures called superclusters.
Superclusters can range in size up to several 10<sup>8</sup> [[light year]]s. No clusters of superclusters are known, but the existence of structures larger than superclusters is debated (see [[Galaxy filament]]). Interspersed among superclusters are large voids of space in which few galaxies exist. Even though superclusters are the largest structures confirmed, the total number of superclusters leave possibilities for structural distribution; the total number of superclusters in the universe is believed to be close to 10 million.
Superclusters can range in size up to several 10<sup>8</sup> [[light year]]s. No clusters of superclusters are known, but the existence of structures larger than superclusters is debated (see [[Galaxy filament]]). Interspersed among superclusters are large voids of space in which few galaxies exist. Even though superclusters are the largest structures confirmed, the total number of superclusters leave possibilities for structural distribution; the total number of superclusters in the universe is believed to be close to 10 million.


Superclusters are frequently subdivided into groups of clusters called [[galaxy cloud]]s.
Superclusters are frequently subdivided into groups of clusters called [[galaxy cloud]]s.

Superclusters are the largest structure in the Universe with scales up to ∼100–150 Mpc. They are in
largely unrelaxed state. At a typical velocity of ∼1000 km s−1, galaxies can move only ∼10 h−1Mpc
within the Hubble time (Hubble constant H0=100h km s−1 Mpc−1). Accordingly, the superclusters
seen today tell us the condition of the Universe when these largest structures were formed (Oort,
1983; Bahcall, 1988). The dynamical ’fossil’ nature of the alignment of rotational axes of galaxies
in superclusters provides us with the information on the formation process of galaxies at the early
epoch (Djorgovski, 1987).


==Nearby superclusters==
==Nearby superclusters==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.astro.uu.nl/~strous/AA/en/boom/supercluster.html Universe family tree: Supercluster]
* [http://www.astro.uu.nl/~strous/AA/en/boom/supercluster.html Universe family tree: Supercluster]

==References==

<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

<br>


[[Category:Galaxy superclusters| ]]
[[Category:Galaxy superclusters| ]]

Revision as of 02:54, 27 October 2006

A map of the nearest (to Virgo) Superclusters
See Supercluster (genetic) for use of the word in genetics.

Superclusters are the largest confirmed kind of structure in the Universe with sizes up to ∼100–150 Mpc. Given their large size and the typical speed of a galaxy of ∼1000 km/s, the hubble constant implies galaxies can only move ∼10 Mpc/h. Therefore, when we observe superclusters today, we are learning about the condition of the universe when these superclusters were created. The alignment and rotational axes of galaxies within superclusters gives us insight into the formation process of galaxies early in the history of the Universe.[1]

Superclusters are large groupings of smaller galaxy groups and clusters, and are among the largest structures of the cosmos. The existence of superclusters indicates that the galaxies in our Universe are not uniformly distributed; most of them are drawn together in groups and clusters, with groups containing up to 50 galaxies and clusters up to several thousand. Those groups and clusters and additional isolated galaxies in turn form even larger structures called superclusters.

Superclusters can range in size up to several 108 light years. No clusters of superclusters are known, but the existence of structures larger than superclusters is debated (see Galaxy filament). Interspersed among superclusters are large voids of space in which few galaxies exist. Even though superclusters are the largest structures confirmed, the total number of superclusters leave possibilities for structural distribution; the total number of superclusters in the universe is believed to be close to 10 million.

Superclusters are frequently subdivided into groups of clusters called galaxy clouds.

Superclusters are the largest structure in the Universe with scales up to ∼100–150 Mpc. They are in largely unrelaxed state. At a typical velocity of ∼1000 km s−1, galaxies can move only ∼10 h−1Mpc within the Hubble time (Hubble constant H0=100h km s−1 Mpc−1). Accordingly, the superclusters seen today tell us the condition of the Universe when these largest structures were formed (Oort, 1983; Bahcall, 1988). The dynamical ’fossil’ nature of the alignment of rotational axes of galaxies in superclusters provides us with the information on the formation process of galaxies at the early epoch (Djorgovski, 1987).

Nearby superclusters

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Hu, F. X.; Wu, G. X.; Song, G. X.; Yuan, Q. R.; Okamura, S. (2006). "Orientation of Galaxies in the Local Supercluster: A Review". Astrophysics and Space Science. 302: Issue 1-4, pp. 43-59.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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