Sandwich (UK Parliament constituency): Difference between revisions
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|rowspan="4"| [[Joseph Marryatt]] |
|rowspan="4"| [[Joseph Marryatt]] |
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| [[Edward Owen (Royal Navy officer)|Sir Edward Owen]] |
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|last=Stooks Smith |
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|first=Henry. |
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|editor= [[F. W. S. Craig|Craig, F. W. S.]] |
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|title= The Parliaments of England |
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|origyear=1844-1850 |
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|edition= 2nd |
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|year=1973 |
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|publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |
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|location=Chichester |
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|isbn= 0-900178-13-2 |
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|pages=171–173 |
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|url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnzrh2;view=1up;seq=249 |
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}}</ref> |
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| style="background-color: {{Tories (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
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| [[Samuel Grove Price]] |
| [[Samuel Grove Price]] |
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| <!-- party --> |
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| 1831 |
| 1831 |
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|rowspan="5"| [[Sir Edward Troubridge, 2nd Baronet|Sir Edward Troubridge]] |
|rowspan="5"| [[Sir Edward Troubridge, 2nd Baronet|Sir Edward Troubridge]] |
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|rowspan="5"| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] |
|rowspan="5"| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stooks-smith"/> |
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| 1835 |
| 1835 |
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| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| [[Samuel Grove Price]] |
| [[Samuel Grove Price]] |
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| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] |
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]<ref name="stooks-smith"/> |
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| 1837 |
| 1837 |
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| style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
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| [[Sir James Rivett-Carnac, 1st Baronet|Sir James Rivett-Carnac]] |
| [[Sir James Rivett-Carnac, 1st Baronet|Sir James Rivett-Carnac]] |
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| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] |
| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stooks-smith"/> |
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| 1839 |
| 1839 |
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| style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
| style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
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| [[Rufane Shaw Donkin|General Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin]] |
| [[Rufane Shaw Donkin|General Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin]] |
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| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] |
| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="stooks-smith"/> |
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| 1841 |
| 1841 |
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| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| [[Hugh Hamilton Lindsay]] |
| [[Hugh Hamilton Lindsay]] |
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| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] |
| [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]<ref name="stooks-smith"/> |
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| 1847 |
| 1847 |
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|rowspan="2"| [[Lord Clarence Paget]] |
|rowspan="2"| [[Lord Clarence Paget]] |
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|rowspan="2"| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="morningpost-1847">{{cite news |title=The General Election |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18470724/014/0003 |accessdate=8 July 2018 |work=Morning Post |date=24 July 1847 |page=3 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|subscription=yes}}</ref><ref name="kentish-1847">{{cite news |title=Sandwich and Deal Election |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000235/18470803/008/0002 |accessdate=8 July 2018 |work=Kentish Gazette |date=3 August 1847 |page=2 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|subscription=yes}}</ref> |
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| style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
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| [[Charles Grenfell (1823–1861)|Charles Grenfell]] |
| [[Charles Grenfell (1823–1861)|Charles Grenfell]] |
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| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] |
| [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="morningpost-1847"/><ref name="kentish-1847"/> |
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|May 1852 |
|May 1852 |
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|style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
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|rowspan="4"| [[Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne|Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen]] |
|rowspan="4"| [[Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne|Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen]] |
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|[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=McIntyre |first1=W. David |authorlink1=W. David McIntyre |title=The Imperial Frontier in the Tropics, 1865–75 |date=1967 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=[[London]] |isbn=978-1-349-00349-5 |page=60 |edition=eBook |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EYevCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60 |doi= 10.1007/978-1-349-00349-5 |lccn=67-19403 |accessdate=8 July 2018 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> |
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| style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
| style="background-color: {{Whigs (British political party)/meta/color}}" | |
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|rowspan="2"| [[Lord Clarence Paget]] |
|rowspan="2"| [[Lord Clarence Paget]] |
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|[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] |
|[[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]<ref name="morningpost-1847"/><ref name="kentish-1847"/> |
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|1859 |
|1859 |
Revision as of 14:26, 8 July 2018
Sandwich | |
---|---|
Former Borough constituency for the House of Commons | |
1366–1885 | |
Seats | two |
Replaced by | Isle of Thanet |
Sandwich was a parliamentary constituency in Kent, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1366 until 1885, when it was disfranchised for corruption.
History
Sandwich like most of the other Cinque Ports, was first enfranchised in the 14th century. As a Cinque Port it was technically of different status from a parliamentary borough, but the difference was in most respects purely a nominal one. (The writ for election was directed to the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, rather than the sheriff of the county, and its MPs were termed "barons" rather than "burgesses" as in boroughs.) Until 1832, the constituency consisted of the three parishes making up the town of Sandwich; it had once been a flourishing port but by the 19th century the harbour had silted up and there was only a limited maritime trade.
The right to vote was reserved to the freemen of the town, whether or not they were resident within the borough. In 1831 this amounted to 955 qualified voters, of whom only 320 lived in Sandwich. The freedom could be obtained by inheritance, by serving an apprenticeship, or by marrying the daughter or widow of a freeman; the corporation apparently did not, as in some boroughs, have the power to create unlimited numbers of honorary freemen so as to swamp the rights of the genuine freemen. At one period in the 17th century, the town corporation attempted to annex the right of voting to itself (as was the case in many other boroughs) on the grounds of "the avoidance of popular tumults common at elections", and in 1621 the Lord Warden ordered with the consent of the Privy Council that this should be so. However, the inhabitants of the town not only petitioned against the election result, but informed the Lord Warden that they intended to present a bill to Parliament to annul the result of that year's election and to restore their former privileges. In the event the petition against the election result was upheld and the election declared void, and a decision of the Commons in another dispute election, in 1690, confirmed that the right of voting was in the freemen.
For most of its existence, no single interest had a predominant influence in Sandwich so as to reduce it to a pocket borough, but the power of official patronage sometimes exerted some leverage. In Tudor times, the Lord Warden expected to be able to nominate one of the two MPs, but - unlike most of the other Cinque Ports - Sandwich consistently defied him, and made its own choice of both MPs throughout Queen Elizabeth's reign. In the 18th and 19th centuries, though, the influence of the navy (through the employment it provided) was sufficient that the Admiralty could be sure of choosing at least one MP at most elections. Nevertheless, Sandwich fell short of being a true "Admiralty borough", and generally elected members who would benefit the town. (They were, however, no less venal than in other boroughs: the committee investigating a disputed election in 1695 was told that the elected member had promised that if after election he were to gain paid office he would give half his salary to the corporation, that he would contribute £20 a year for the poor of the town and a treat to the corporation on the anniversary of his election.)
In 1831, the population of the constituency was 3,084, and the town contained 610 houses. This would not have been sufficient for the borough to retain both its MPs under the Great Reform Act, but the boundaries were extended so as to include the neighbouring towns of Deal and Walmer, which quadrupled the population. Even so, and despite the extension of the franchise, the revised constituency had only 916 qualified voters for the 1832–33 general election.
At a by-election in 1880, evidence of widespread bribery in Sandwich emerged. Its writ was suspended, and a Royal Commission appointed to investigate. It was found that out of an electorate of 2115, 1850 voted, of whom 900 admitted they had been bribed and 100 admitted they had bribed.[1] As a result of its report, Sandwich was abolished as a constituency with effect from 25 June 1885, being incorporated into the Eastern Kent county division.
Members of Parliament
1366–1640
1640–1885
Notes
- ^ "Election Commission At Sandwich". The Cornishman. No. 120. 28 October 1880. p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ^ a b The English Parliaments of Henry VII. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
- ^ This election was called at request of the borough Mayor, with Patche and Ardern returned but the return was declared invalid by Privy Council after appeal.
- ^ Created a baronet, June 1707
- ^ Created a baronet, July 1716
- ^ Created a baronet, March 1795
- ^ a b c d e f g Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 171–173. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
- ^ a b c "The General Election". Morning Post. 24 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 8 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "Sandwich and Deal Election". Kentish Gazette. 3 August 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 8 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|subscription=
ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ McIntyre, W. David (1967). The Imperial Frontier in the Tropics, 1865–75 (eBook ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 60. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-00349-5. ISBN 978-1-349-00349-5. LCCN 67-19403. Retrieved 8 July 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ On petition the result of the 1880 by-election was declared void
Election results
Elections in the 1860s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen | 494 | 35.7 | ||
Liberal | Clarence Paget | 477 | 34.5 | ||
Conservative | Charles Capper | 413 | 29.8 | ||
Majority | 64 | 4.6 | |||
Turnout | 899 (est) | 85.2 (est) | |||
Registered electors | 1,054 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Paget resigned, causing a by-election.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Charles Capper | 466 | 50.4 | +20.6 | |
Liberal | Thomas Brassey[2] | 458 | 49.6 | −20.6 | |
Majority | 8 | 0.9 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 924 | 87.7 | +2.5 | ||
Registered electors | 1,054 | ||||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +20.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen | 933 | 36.4 | +0.7 | |
Liberal | Henry Brassey | 923 | 36.0 | +1.5 | |
Conservative | Henry Worms[3] | 710 | 27.7 | −2.1 | |
Majority | 213 | 8.3 | +3.7 | ||
Turnout | 1,638 (est) | 85.9 (est) | +0.7 | ||
Registered electors | 1,906 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | +0.9 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | +1.3 |
Elections in the 1870s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Henry Brassey | 1,035 | 30.3 | −5.7 | |
Liberal | Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen | 1,006 | 29.4 | −7.0 | |
Conservative | Frederic C Hughes Hallett | 764 | 22.4 | +8.5 | |
Conservative | Hugh Sydney Baillie[4] | 611 | 17.9 | +4.0 | |
Majority | 242 | 7.1 | −1.2 | ||
Turnout | 1,708 (est) | 83.5 (est) | −2.4 | ||
Registered electors | 2,046 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | −6.0 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | −6.6 |
Elections in the 1880s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Henry Brassey | Unopposed | |||
Liberal | Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen | Unopposed | |||
Registered electors | 2,115 | ||||
Liberal hold | |||||
Liberal hold |
Hugessen was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Brabourne and causing a by-election.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Charles Henry Crompton-Roberts | 1,145 | 61.9 | N/A | |
Liberal | Julian Goldsmid | 705 | 38.1 | N/A | |
Majority | 440 | 23.8 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 1,850 | 87.5 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 2,115 | ||||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | N/A |
A Royal Commission found proof of extensive bribery and the writ was suspended, with the by-election result being voided. The writ was never returned and the constituency was merged into East Kent on 25 June 1885, before that seat was then abolished for the 1885 General Election.[1]
References
- Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
- D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
- Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
- F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
- Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1961)
- J. E. Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
- T. H. B. Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 2)
- ^ a b c d e f g Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 268–269. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
{{cite book}}
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requires|url=
(help) - ^ "Sandwich Election". Kentish Chronicle. 12 May 1866. p. 5. Retrieved 17 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ "The County Elections". Kentish Gazette. 17 November 1868. p. 4. Retrieved 17 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Sandwich and Deal". Western Daily Mercury. 27 January 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 19 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|subscription=
ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Election News". The Cornishman. No. 97. 20 May 1880. p. 8.