Polypodium virginianum: Difference between revisions

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{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Rock polypody
|name = Rock polypody
| image = Polypodium_virginianum3.jpg
|image = Polypodium_virginianum3.jpg
| status = G5
|status = G5
| status_system = TNC
|status_system = TNC
| status_ref =
|status_ref =
| genus = Polypodium (plant)
|genus = Polypodium (plant)
| species = virginianum
|species = virginianum
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms =
|synonyms =
* ''P. vinlandicum'' A. Love & D. Love,
*''P. vinlandicum'' A. Love & D. Love,
* ''P. vulgare'' L. var. ''americanum'' Hooker
*''P. vulgare'' L. var. ''americanum'' Hooker
* P. ''vulgare'' L. var. ''virginianum'' (L.) D. C. Eaton
*P. ''vulgare'' L. var. ''virginianum'' (L.) D. C. Eaton
}}
}}


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==Description==
==Description==
''Polypodium virginianum'' is a small [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] [[fern]] with narrow leaves {{convert|8–40|cm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|3–6|cm|abbr=on}} wide borne on smooth, scaleless [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] {{convert|3–15|cm|abbr=on}}. Leaves are evergreen, oblong and [[pinnate|pinnatifid]] with acuminate tips.
''Polypodium virginianum'' is a small [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] [[fern]] with narrow leaves {{convert|8–40|cm}} long and {{convert|3–6|cm}} wide borne on smooth, scaleless [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] {{convert|3–15|cm}}. Leaves are evergreen, oblong and [[pinnate|pinnatifid]] with acuminate tips.


Large, circular [[Sorus|sori]] are prominently featured on the underside of fertile [[frond]]s in late summer and autumn. [[sporangium|Sporangia]] are intermixed with long brown glandular hairs.<ref name="Gleason and Cronquist 1991">{{cite book |author1=Gleason, Henry A. |author2=Cronquist, Arthur |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 1991 | title = Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada | publisher = The New York Botanical Garden Press | location = Bronx, NY | isbn = 0-89327-365-1}}</ref>
Large, circular [[Sorus|sori]] are prominently featured on the underside of fertile [[frond]]s in late summer and autumn. [[sporangium|Sporangia]] are intermixed with long brown glandular hairs.<ref name="Gleason and Cronquist 1991">{{cite book |author1=Gleason, Henry A.|author2=Cronquist, Arthur|year=1991|title=Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada|publisher=The New York Botanical Garden Press|location=Bronx, NY|isbn=0-89327-365-1}}</ref>
{{multiple image
{{multiple image
| width = 120
|width = 120
| footer = Numerous [[Sorus|sori]] on the underside of a leaf
|footer = Numerous [[Sorus|sori]] on the underside of a leaf
| image1 = polypodium_sori.JPG
|image1 = polypodium_sori.JPG
| alt1 = Underside of a fertile frond of ''Polypodium virginianum''
|alt1 = Underside of a fertile frond of ''Polypodium virginianum''
| caption1 =
|caption1 =
| image2 = sori_close_up.JPG
|image2 = sori_close_up.JPG
| alt2 = Close up of the underside of a fertile frond of ''Polypodium virginianum''
|alt2 = Close up of the underside of a fertile frond of ''Polypodium virginianum''
| caption2 = Close up
|caption2 = Close up
}}
}}


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
''Polypodium virginianum'' has several synonyms including: ''P. vinlandicum'' A. Love & D. Love, ''P. vulgare'' L. var. ''americanum'' Hooker, ''P. vulgare'' L. var. ''virginianum'' (L.) D. C. Eaton.<ref name="efloras">eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org (accessed 22 November 2009) Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200005055 efloras: Polypodium virginianum]</ref> It is generally treated as distinct, though some have recommended it is equally well treated as a North American variety of the circumboreal ''[[Polypodium vulgare]]''.<ref name="Gleason and Cronquist 1991"/>
''Polypodium virginianum'' has several synonyms including: ''P. vinlandicum'' A. Love & D. Love, ''P. vulgare'' L. var. ''americanum'' Hooker,<ref>{{cite book|editor=Esser, Karl|editor2=Kubitzki, Klaus|editor3=Runge, Michael|editor4=Schnepf, Eberhard|editor5=Ziegler, Hubert|title=Progress in Botany / Fortschritte der Botanik: Morphology - Physiology|page=331|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-69985-6|isbn=978-3-642-69985-6}}</ref> ''P. vulgare'' L. var. ''virginianum'' (L.) D. C. Eaton.<ref>{{cite book|author=Eilers, Lawrence J.|author2=Roosa, Dean M.|title=The Vascular Plants of Iowa: An Annotated Checklist and Natural History|publisher=[[University of Iowa Press]]|year=1994|page=36|isbn=0-87745-463-9}}</ref>

It is generally treated as distinct, though some have recommended it is equally well treated as a North American variety of the circumboreal ''[[Polypodium vulgare]]''.<ref name="Gleason and Cronquist 1991"/>


This species is an allotetraploid of hybrid origin, the parents being ''[[Polypodium appalachianum]]'' and ''[[Polypodium sibiricum|P. sibiricum]]''.
This species is an allotetraploid of hybrid origin, the parents being ''[[Polypodium appalachianum]]'' and ''[[Polypodium sibiricum|P. sibiricum]]''.
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{{Commons category|Polypodium virginianum}}
{{Commons category|Polypodium virginianum}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POVI7 USDA Plants Database: ''Polypodium virginianum'']


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3007914}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3007914}}
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[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Revision as of 02:36, 26 April 2019

Rock polypody

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Polypodiineae
Family: Polypodiaceae
Genus: Polypodium
Species:
P. virginianum
Binomial name
Polypodium virginianum
Synonyms
  • P. vinlandicum A. Love & D. Love,
  • P. vulgare L. var. americanum Hooker
  • P. vulgare L. var. virginianum (L.) D. C. Eaton

Polypodium virginianum, commonly known as rock polypody, rock cap fern, or common polypody, is a small evergreen species of fern native to the Eastern United States and Canada. It generally grows on rocks and occasionally on tree roots in nature.

Description

Polypodium virginianum is a small rhizomatous fern with narrow leaves 8–40 centimetres (3.1–15.7 in) long and 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) wide borne on smooth, scaleless petioles 3–15 centimetres (1.2–5.9 in). Leaves are evergreen, oblong and pinnatifid with acuminate tips.

Large, circular sori are prominently featured on the underside of fertile fronds in late summer and autumn. Sporangia are intermixed with long brown glandular hairs.[1]

Underside of a fertile frond of Polypodium virginianum
Close up of the underside of a fertile frond of Polypodium virginianum
Close up
Numerous sori on the underside of a leaf

Taxonomy

Polypodium virginianum has several synonyms including: P. vinlandicum A. Love & D. Love, P. vulgare L. var. americanum Hooker,[2] P. vulgare L. var. virginianum (L.) D. C. Eaton.[3] 

It is generally treated as distinct, though some have recommended it is equally well treated as a North American variety of the circumboreal Polypodium vulgare.[1]

This species is an allotetraploid of hybrid origin, the parents being Polypodium appalachianum and P. sibiricum.

Distribution and habitat

Polypodium virginianum typically grows on boulders, cliffs, and rocky slopes and does not need well-developed soil. It is common throughout eastern North America; its native distribution ranges from Newfoundland to Yukon south to Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas.[1]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polypodium virginianum.
  1. ^ a b c Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, NY: The New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 0-89327-365-1.
  2. ^ Esser, Karl; Kubitzki, Klaus; Runge, Michael; Schnepf, Eberhard; Ziegler, Hubert (eds.). Progress in Botany / Fortschritte der Botanik: Morphology - Physiology. p. 331. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69985-6. ISBN 978-3-642-69985-6.
  3. ^ Eilers, Lawrence J.; Roosa, Dean M. (1994). The Vascular Plants of Iowa: An Annotated Checklist and Natural History. University of Iowa Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-87745-463-9.
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