Daulatpur–Saturia tornado: Difference between revisions

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Some background, idk what an F3.5 is tho
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| image = Bangladesh tornado map 1989.png
| image = Bangladesh tornado map 1989.png
| caption = [[Dhaka]], the area hit by the tornado
| caption = [[Dhaka]], the area hit by the tornado
| formed = April 26, 1989 18:30 <small>(local time)</small>
| formed = 12:30&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on April 26, 1989
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The '''Daulatpur–Saturia tornado''' occurred in [[Manikganj District]], [[Bangladesh]] on April 26, 1989. It was the deadliest [[tornado]] in Bangladesh's history. There is great uncertainty about the death toll, but estimates indicate that it was devastating and that it killed approximately 1,300 people, which would make it the [[List of natural disasters by death toll|deadliest tornado in history]].<ref name="finch">{{cite web |url= http://www.bangladeshtornadoes.org/climo/btorcli0.htm |title= Tornados in Bangladesh and East India –—|accessdate=2008-08-23 |last= Finch |first= Jonathan |author2= |date= |work= [[National Weather Service]] |publisher= Bangladesh tornadoes}}</ref> The tornado affected the cities of [[Daulatpur, Manikganj|Daulatpur]] and [[Saturia]] the most, moving east through Daulatpur and eventually northeast and into Saturia.<ref name="finch"/> Previously, the area that the tornado hit had been in a state of drought for six months, possibly generating tornadic conditions.<ref name="finch"/>
The '''Daulatpur–Saturia tornado''' occurred in [[Manikganj District]], [[Bangladesh]] on April 26, 1989. It was the deadliest [[tornado]] in Bangladesh's history. There is great uncertainty about the death toll, but estimates indicate that it was devastating and that it killed approximately 1,300 people, which would make it the [[List of natural disasters by death toll|deadliest tornado in history]].<ref name="finch">{{cite web |url= http://www.bangladeshtornadoes.org/climo/btorcli0.htm |title= Tornados in Bangladesh and East India –—|accessdate=2008-08-23 |last= Finch |first= Jonathan |author2= |date= |work= [[National Weather Service]] |publisher= Bangladesh tornadoes}}</ref> The tornado affected the cities of [[Daulatpur, Manikganj|Daulatpur]] and [[Saturia]] the most, moving east through Daulatpur and eventually northeast and into Saturia.<ref name="finch"/> Previously, the area that the tornado hit had been in a state of drought for six months, possibly generating tornadic conditions.<ref name="finch"/>

==Background==
The [[Ganges Basin]], comprising the entirety of Bangladesh, is frequented by severe weather.<ref name="Nature">{{cite journal|author=Smriti Mallapaty|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=23 April 2019|title=Nepali scientists record country's first tornado|journal=Nature|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01159-w|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-01159-w}}</ref> Such storms that are capable of producing tornadoes in this region are most common during the pre- and post-[[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon]] months.<ref name="Bclimo"">{{cite journal |last1=Peterson |first1=R. E. |last2=Mehta |first2=K. C. |title=Climatology of tornadoes of India and Bangladesh |journal= Archives for Meteorology, Geophysics, and Bioclimatology Series B|date=December 1981 |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=345–356 |doi=10.1007/BF02263310|bibcode=1981AMGBB..29..345P }}</ref> An average of six tornadoes occur annually in Bangladesh, with peak activity in April.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Bimal Kanti|last1=Paul|first2=Rejuan Hossain|last2=Bhuiyan|publisher=University of Colorado|year=2014|accessdate=August 8, 2019|title=The April 2004 Tornado in North-Central Bangladesh: A Case for Introducing Tornado Forecasting and Warning Systems|url=https://hazards.colorado.edu/uploads/basicpage/qr169.pdf}}</ref> The pre-monsoon months (March to May) display the most favorable conditions for severe weather. During this time, [[convective available potential energy]]—an indicator of [[atmospheric instability]] whereby higher values denote a greater likelihood of thunderstorms—and [[wind shear]] are conducive to the development of rotating thunderstorms.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Yamane|first=Yusuke|last2=Hayashi|first2=Taiichi|last3=Dewan|first3=Ashraf Mahmmood|last4=Akter|first4=Fatima|date=March 2010|title=Severe local convective storms in Bangladesh: Part I. Climatology|url=|journal=Atmospheric Research|volume=95|issue=4|pages=400–406|doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.11.004|bibcode=2010AtmRe..95..400Y}}</ref> Instability is greatest over [[West Bengal]], India, and adjacent areas of Bangladesh. Storm frequently develop in this region and travel southeast across the country. These storms are locally referred to as [[Norwesters|norwesters or Kalbaishakhi]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Atmosphere|first1=Samarendra|last1=Karmakar|first2=Abdul|last2=Mannan|first3=Dewan Abdul|last3=Quadir|volume=5|issue=1|date=July 2015|title=Trends in maximum temperature and thunderstorms, their correlation and impacts on the livelihood of Bangladesh|pages=113–129}}</ref>


==Event and aftermath==
==Event and aftermath==
The tornado struck around 6:30&nbsp;pm (18:30) local time.<ref name="aj28Apr2014">{{cite news |last=Angwin |first=Richard |date=28 April 2014 |title=The deadliest tornado remembered |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/weather/2014/04/deadliest-tornado-remembered-20144249293887609.html |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> For most of its path it was {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on|0}} wide, reaching a maximum width of {{convert|2.4|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bangladeshtornado.weebly.com/tornado-facts.html|title=Tornado Facts|website=Bangladesh Tornado|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref> Its path was about {{convert|80|km|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Cerveny">{{cite book |last=Cerveny |first=Randy |year=2006 |title=Freaks of the Storm: From Flying Cows to Stealing Thunder: The World's Strangest True Weather Stories |publisher=[[Avalon Publishing|Thunder's Mouth Press]] |location=New York |page=272 |isbn=1-56025-801-2 |quote="a tornado cut a long track, up to a mile wide, through about fifty miles of the poor country [Bangladesh]. The Bangladeshi towns of Salturia [sic] and Manikganj were leveled and about eighty thousand people were left homeless."}}</ref>
The tornado struck around 6:30&nbsp;pm (18:30) local time.<ref name="aj28Apr2014">{{cite news |last=Angwin |first=Richard |date=28 April 2014 |title=The deadliest tornado remembered |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/weather/2014/04/deadliest-tornado-remembered-20144249293887609.html |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> For most of its path it was {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on|0}} wide, reaching a maximum width of {{convert|2.4|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bangladeshtornado.weebly.com/tornado-facts.html|title=Tornado Facts|website=Bangladesh Tornado|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref> Its path was about {{convert|80|km|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Cerveny">{{cite book |last=Cerveny |first=Randy |year=2006 |title=Freaks of the Storm: From Flying Cows to Stealing Thunder: The World's Strangest True Weather Stories |publisher=[[Avalon Publishing|Thunder's Mouth Press]] |location=New York |page=272 |isbn=1-56025-801-2 |quote="a tornado cut a long track, up to a mile wide, through about fifty miles of the poor country [Bangladesh]. The Bangladeshi towns of Salturia [sic] and Manikganj were leveled and about eighty thousand people were left homeless."}}</ref> A [[World Meteorological Organization]] news letter noted the tornado as F3.5 on the [[Fujita Scale]]. However, the stated wind estimate of {{convert|338|to|418|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} would rank it as an F4.<ref name="TornadoSummary">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences|first1=Akram|last1=Hossain|first2=Samarendra|last2=Karmakar|year=1998|volume=22|issue=1|pages=109–122|title=Some Meteorological aspects of the Saturia tornado, 1989—A case study}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Roger|last1=Edwards|first2=James G.|last2=LaDue|first3=John T.|last3=Ferree|first4=Kevin|last4=Scharfenberg|first5=Chris|last5=Maier|first6=William L.|last6=Coulbourne|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society||url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00006.1|format=PDF|doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00006.1|pages=641–653|title=Tornado Intensity Estimation: Past, Present, and Future|date=May 2013|volume=94|issue=5|issn=0003-0007|eissn=1520-0477}}</ref>


It killed roughly 1,300 people and injured 12,000.<ref name="aj28Apr2014" /> Damage was extensive, as countless trees were uprooted and every home within a six square kilometer area of the tornado's path was completely destroyed.<ref name="finch"/> An article in the ''Bangladesh Observer'' stated, "The devastation was so complete, that barring some skeletons of trees, there were no signs of standing infrastructures".<ref name="finch"/> Approximately 80,000 people were left homeless. [[Saturia]] and [[Manikganj]] were both completely destroyed.<ref name="Cerveny" /> The tornado was part of a wider outbreak which saw another 5 deaths and 500 injuries in [[Narsingdi District]].<ref name="aj28Apr2014" />
It killed roughly 1,300 people and injured 12,000.<ref name="aj28Apr2014" /> Damage was extensive, as countless trees were uprooted and every home within a six square kilometer area of the tornado's path was completely destroyed.<ref name="finch"/> An article in the ''Bangladesh Observer'' stated, "The devastation was so complete, that barring some skeletons of trees, there were no signs of standing infrastructures".<ref name="finch"/> Approximately 80,000 people were left homeless. [[Saturia]] and [[Manikganj]] were both completely destroyed.<ref name="Cerveny" /> The tornado was part of a wider outbreak which saw another 5 deaths and 500 injuries in [[Narsingdi District]].<ref name="aj28Apr2014" />

Revision as of 05:27, 9 August 2019

Daulatpur–Saturia tornado
F3 tornado
Dhaka, the area hit by the tornado
Formed12:30 UTC on April 26, 1989
Max. rating1F3 tornado
Fatalities1,300 fatalities (estimated) 12,000 injuries
Areas affectedManikganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

The Daulatpur–Saturia tornado occurred in Manikganj District, Bangladesh on April 26, 1989. It was the deadliest tornado in Bangladesh's history. There is great uncertainty about the death toll, but estimates indicate that it was devastating and that it killed approximately 1,300 people, which would make it the deadliest tornado in history.[1] The tornado affected the cities of Daulatpur and Saturia the most, moving east through Daulatpur and eventually northeast and into Saturia.[1] Previously, the area that the tornado hit had been in a state of drought for six months, possibly generating tornadic conditions.[1]

Background

The Ganges Basin, comprising the entirety of Bangladesh, is frequented by severe weather.[2] Such storms that are capable of producing tornadoes in this region are most common during the pre- and post-monsoon months.[3] An average of six tornadoes occur annually in Bangladesh, with peak activity in April.[4] The pre-monsoon months (March to May) display the most favorable conditions for severe weather. During this time, convective available potential energy—an indicator of atmospheric instability whereby higher values denote a greater likelihood of thunderstorms—and wind shear are conducive to the development of rotating thunderstorms.[5] Instability is greatest over West Bengal, India, and adjacent areas of Bangladesh. Storm frequently develop in this region and travel southeast across the country. These storms are locally referred to as norwesters or Kalbaishakhi.[6]

Event and aftermath

The tornado struck around 6:30 pm (18:30) local time.[7] For most of its path it was 1.5 km (1 mi) wide, reaching a maximum width of 2.4 km (1.5 mi).[8] Its path was about 80 km (50 mi) long.[9] A World Meteorological Organization news letter noted the tornado as F3.5 on the Fujita Scale. However, the stated wind estimate of 338 to 418 km/h (210 to 260 mph) would rank it as an F4.[10][11]

It killed roughly 1,300 people and injured 12,000.[7] Damage was extensive, as countless trees were uprooted and every home within a six square kilometer area of the tornado's path was completely destroyed.[1] An article in the Bangladesh Observer stated, "The devastation was so complete, that barring some skeletons of trees, there were no signs of standing infrastructures".[1] Approximately 80,000 people were left homeless. Saturia and Manikganj were both completely destroyed.[9] The tornado was part of a wider outbreak which saw another 5 deaths and 500 injuries in Narsingdi District.[7]

Frequency

Bangladesh is one of the countries with the highest frequency of tornadoes, behind the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Canada,[12] with damage and loss of life often severe due to the country's high population density and low lying communities. Bangladesh has received other deadly tornadoes, but this particular storm was the worst in the country's history.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Finch, Jonathan. "Tornados in Bangladesh and East India –—". National Weather Service. Bangladesh tornadoes. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
  2. ^ Smriti Mallapaty (12 April 2019). "Nepali scientists record country's first tornado". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01159-w. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  3. ^ Peterson, R. E.; Mehta, K. C. (December 1981). "Climatology of tornadoes of India and Bangladesh". Archives for Meteorology, Geophysics, and Bioclimatology Series B. 29 (4): 345–356. Bibcode:1981AMGBB..29..345P. doi:10.1007/BF02263310.
  4. ^ Paul, Bimal Kanti; Bhuiyan, Rejuan Hossain (2014). "The April 2004 Tornado in North-Central Bangladesh: A Case for Introducing Tornado Forecasting and Warning Systems" (PDF). University of Colorado. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  5. ^ Yamane, Yusuke; Hayashi, Taiichi; Dewan, Ashraf Mahmmood; Akter, Fatima (March 2010). "Severe local convective storms in Bangladesh: Part I. Climatology". Atmospheric Research. 95 (4): 400–406. Bibcode:2010AtmRe..95..400Y. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.11.004.
  6. ^ Karmakar, Samarendra; Mannan, Abdul; Quadir, Dewan Abdul (July 2015). "Trends in maximum temperature and thunderstorms, their correlation and impacts on the livelihood of Bangladesh". The Atmosphere. 5 (1): 113–129.
  7. ^ a b c Angwin, Richard (28 April 2014). "The deadliest tornado remembered". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  8. ^ "Tornado Facts". Bangladesh Tornado. Retrieved 2016-06-05.
  9. ^ a b Cerveny, Randy (2006). Freaks of the Storm: From Flying Cows to Stealing Thunder: The World's Strangest True Weather Stories. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 272. ISBN 1-56025-801-2. a tornado cut a long track, up to a mile wide, through about fifty miles of the poor country [Bangladesh]. The Bangladeshi towns of Salturia [sic] and Manikganj were leveled and about eighty thousand people were left homeless.
  10. ^ Hossain, Akram; Karmakar, Samarendra (1998). "Some Meteorological aspects of the Saturia tornado, 1989—A case study". Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences. 22 (1): 109–122.
  11. ^ Edwards, Roger; LaDue, James G.; Ferree, John T.; Scharfenberg, Kevin; Maier, Chris; Coulbourne, William L. (May 2013). "Tornado Intensity Estimation: Past, Present, and Future" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 94 (5): 641–653. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00006.1. eISSN 1520-0477. ISSN 0003-0007. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  12. ^ a b Edwards, Rodger. "Tornado FAQ". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-08-23.

External links

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