Ovarian tumor: Difference between revisions

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Ovarian tumors, or ovarian neoplasms, are tumors arising from the ovary. They can be benign or malignant (ovarian cancer). They consists of mainly solid tissue, while ovarian cysts contain fluid.

Histopathologic classification

Ovarian tumors are classified according to the histology of the tumor, obtained in a pathology report. Histology dictates many aspects of clinical treatment, management, and prognosis.

The most common forms are:

Type	Subtype	Relative incidence^[2]	Percent malignant^[2]	Comments	Micrograph
Germ cell tumor	Mature cystic teratoma	46,0%	0,0%	Cystic, with elements of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm).^[3]	Hair follicles.
	Immature teratoma	2,5%	100,0%	A teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma.^[4]
	Other germ cell tumors	3,0%		Others mainly include dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, struma ovarii and squamous cell carcinoma arising from a dermoid cyst, and malignant mixed germ cell tumor.^[2]
Surface epithelial-stromal tumor	Serous tumor	25,3%	18,5%
	Mucinous tumor	15,7%	8,8%
	Endometrioid tumor	1,1%	100,0%
	Other surface-epithelial tumors	1,4%		Others include mainly malignant mixed mullerian tumor, Brenner tumor and mixed epithelial tumor.^[2]
Sex cord-stromal tumor	Fibroma	1,4%	0,0%
	Adult granulosa cell tumor	1,1%	100,0%
	Other sex cord-stromal tumors	0,8%		Others include mainly juvenile granulosa cell tumor, thecoma and sclerosing stromal tumor^[2]
Secondary/metastatic) tumor		1,7%	100,0%	Usually from breast cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, stomach cancer or cervical cancer.^[5]

Mixed tumors contain elements of more than one of the above classes of tumor histology.

References

^ - Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
- Minor adjustment for mature cystic teratomas (0.17 to 2% risk of ovarian cancer): Mandal, Shramana; Badhe, Bhawana A. (2012). "Malignant Transformation in a Mature Teratoma with Metastatic Deposits in the Omentum: A Case Report". Case Reports in Pathology. 2012: 1–3. doi:10.1155/2012/568062. ISSN 2090-6781.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
^ Hillary Rose Elwood. "Skin nonmelanocytic tumor - Other tumors of skin - Benign (mature) cystic teratoma". pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 November 2016. Revised: 4 April 2019
^ Sun, Hang; Ding, Hongxin; Wang, Jianjun; Zhang, Emma; Fang, Yihua; Li, Zhenhua; Yu, Xiao; Wang, Chongren; Zhao, Yifan; Chen, Kan; Wen, Siwan; Li, Liang; Shan, Shan; Hong, Liu; Chen, Face; Su, Pu (2019). "The differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas in both genders and the effects of chemotherapy". BMC Cancer. 19 (1). doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0. ISSN 1471-2407.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Lisa Lee-Jones, University of Wales College of Medicine (2003-12-01). "Ovarian tumours : an overview". Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.

[1] - Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
- Minor adjustment for mature cystic teratomas (0.17 to 2% risk of ovarian cancer): Mandal, Shramana; Badhe, Bhawana A. (2012). "Malignant Transformation in a Mature Teratoma with Metastatic Deposits in the Omentum: A Case Report". Case Reports in Pathology. 2012: 1–3. doi:10.1155/2012/568062. ISSN 2090-6781.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Vaidya2014-2] Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.

[3] Hillary Rose Elwood. "Skin nonmelanocytic tumor - Other tumors of skin - Benign (mature) cystic teratoma". pathology Outlines. Topic Completed: 1 November 2016. Revised: 4 April 2019

[SunDing2019-4] Sun, Hang; Ding, Hongxin; Wang, Jianjun; Zhang, Emma; Fang, Yihua; Li, Zhenhua; Yu, Xiao; Wang, Chongren; Zhao, Yifan; Chen, Kan; Wen, Siwan; Li, Liang; Shan, Shan; Hong, Liu; Chen, Face; Su, Pu (2019). "The differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas in both genders and the effects of chemotherapy". BMC Cancer. 19 (1). doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0. ISSN 1471-2407.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Lee-Jones-5] Lisa Lee-Jones, University of Wales College of Medicine (2003-12-01). "Ovarian tumours : an overview". Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.

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@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Type !! Subtype !! Relative incidence<ref name=Vaidya2014>Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: {{cite journal|last1=Vaidya|first1=SA|last2=Kc|first2=S|last3=Sharma|first3=P|last4=Vaidya|first4=S|title=Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal|journal=Journal of Pathology of Nepal|volume=4|issue=7|year=2014|pages=539–543|issn=2091-0908|doi=10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295}}</ref> !! Percent malignant<ref name=Vaidya2014/> !! Comments
+! Type !! Subtype !! Relative incidence<ref name=Vaidya2014>Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: {{cite journal|last1=Vaidya|first1=SA|last2=Kc|first2=S|last3=Sharma|first3=P|last4=Vaidya|first4=S|title=Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal|journal=Journal of Pathology of Nepal|volume=4|issue=7|year=2014|pages=539–543|issn=2091-0908|doi=10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295}}</ref> !! Percent malignant<ref name=Vaidya2014/> !! Comments !! Micrograph
 |-
 !rowspan=3| [[Germ cell tumor]] !! Mature cystic teratoma
+| 46,0% || 0,0% || Cystic, with elements of all 3 [[germ layer]]s ([[endoderm]], [[mesoderm]] and [[ectoderm]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocyticbenigncysticteratoma.html|title=Skin nonmelanocytic tumor - Other tumors of skin - Benign (mature) cystic teratoma|author=Hillary Rose Elwood|website=pathology Outlines}} Topic Completed: 1 November 2016. Revised: 4 April 2019</ref> || [[File:Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary Hair Follicles (4047144010).jpg|thumb|190px|Hair follicles.]]
-| 46,0% || 0,0% ||
 |-
 ! [[Immature teratoma]]
+| 2,5% || 100,0% || A [[teratoma]] that contains [[anaplastic]] immature elements, and is often synonymous with '''malignant teratoma'''.<ref name="SunDing2019">{{cite journal|last1=Sun|first1=Hang|last2=Ding|first2=Hongxin|last3=Wang|first3=Jianjun|last4=Zhang|first4=Emma|last5=Fang|first5=Yihua|last6=Li|first6=Zhenhua|last7=Yu|first7=Xiao|last8=Wang|first8=Chongren|last9=Zhao|first9=Yifan|last10=Chen|first10=Kan|last11=Wen|first11=Siwan|last12=Li|first12=Liang|last13=Shan|first13=Shan|last14=Hong|first14=Liu|last15=Chen|first15=Face|last16=Su|first16=Pu|title=The differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas in both genders and the effects of chemotherapy|journal=BMC Cancer|volume=19|issue=1|year=2019|issn=1471-2407|doi=10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0}}</ref> || [[File:Histopathology of immature teratoma of the ovary.jpg|200px]]
-| 2,5% || 100,0% ||
 |-
 ! Other germ cell tumors