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From 1996 to 2001, Aprile was spokesperson of the [[NASA]]-sponsored [[Liquid Xenon Gamma-Ray Imaging Telescope]] (LXeGRIT) project, leading the first engineering test of the telescope in a near-space environment and subsequent science campaigns with long-duration balloon flights. LXeGRIT used a liquid xenon time projection chamber as a Compton telescope for imaging cosmic sources in the 0.15 to 10 MeV energy band. A total of about 36 hours of data were gathered from two long-duration flights in 1999 and 2000, at an average altitude of 39&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.053|title = Calibration and in-flight performance of the Compton telescope prototype LXeGRIT|year = 2004|last1 = Aprile|first1 = E.|display-authors=etal|journal = New Astronomy Reviews|volume = 48|issue = 1–4|pages = 257–262}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://xenon.astro.columbia.edu/lxegrit/publications/Aprile_IEEE03.pdf |doi=10.1109/TNS.2003.818235 |title = A New Light Readout System for the LXeGRIT Time Projection Chamber|year = 2003|last1 = Aprile|first1 = E.|last2 = Curioni|first2 = A.|last3 = Giboni|first3 = K.-L.|last4 = Kobayashi|first4 = M.|last5 = Ni|first5 = K.|last6 = Oberlack|first6 = U.G.|journal = IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science|volume = 50|issue = 5|pages = 1303–1308}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://xenon.astro.columbia.edu/lxegrit/ |title=LXeGRIT - A Liquid Xenon Gamma-Ray Imaging Telescope |date=2002-10-22 |accessdate=2015-02-12 }}</ref>
From 1996 to 2001, Aprile was spokesperson of the [[NASA]]-sponsored [[Liquid Xenon Gamma-Ray Imaging Telescope]] (LXeGRIT) project, leading the first engineering test of the telescope in a near-space environment and subsequent science campaigns with long-duration balloon flights. LXeGRIT used a liquid xenon time projection chamber as a Compton telescope for imaging cosmic sources in the 0.15 to 10 MeV energy band. A total of about 36 hours of data were gathered from two long-duration flights in 1999 and 2000, at an average altitude of 39&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.053|title = Calibration and in-flight performance of the Compton telescope prototype LXeGRIT|year = 2004|last1 = Aprile|first1 = E.|display-authors=etal|journal = New Astronomy Reviews|volume = 48|issue = 1–4|pages = 257–262}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://xenon.astro.columbia.edu/lxegrit/publications/Aprile_IEEE03.pdf |doi=10.1109/TNS.2003.818235 |title = A New Light Readout System for the LXeGRIT Time Projection Chamber|year = 2003|last1 = Aprile|first1 = E.|last2 = Curioni|first2 = A.|last3 = Giboni|first3 = K.-L.|last4 = Kobayashi|first4 = M.|last5 = Ni|first5 = K.|last6 = Oberlack|first6 = U.G.|journal = IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science|volume = 50|issue = 5|pages = 1303–1308}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://xenon.astro.columbia.edu/lxegrit/ |title=LXeGRIT - A Liquid Xenon Gamma-Ray Imaging Telescope |date=2002-10-22 |accessdate=2015-02-12 }}</ref>


Since 2001, Aprile's research focus shifted to particle astrophysics, specifically to direct detection of [[dark matter]] with liquid xenon.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.081302|title = Simultaneous Measurement of Ionization and Scintillation from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for a Dark Matter Experiment|year = 2006|last1 = Aprile|first1 = E.|display-authors=etal|journal = Physical Review Letters|volume = 97|issue = 8|page = 081302|pmid = 17026288|arxiv = astro-ph/0601552}}</ref> Aprile is the founder and spokesperson of the [[XENON]] dark matter experiment, which aims to discover [[WIMPs]] as they scatter off xenon atoms in massive yet ultra-low background<ref>{{cite journal |title=Study of the electromagnetic background in the XENON100 experiment |year=2011|volume=83|issue=82001|page=082001|doi=10.1103/physrevd.83.082001 |arxiv=1101.3866|bibcode=2011PhRvD..83h2001A|last1=Aprile|first1=E.|display-authors=etal|collaboration=XENON100 Collaboration|journal=Physical Review D}}</ref> liquid xenon detectors operated deep underground.<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=astro-ph/0407575|doi=10.1016/j.newar.2005.01.035|title=The XENON dark matter search experiment|year=2005|last1=Aprile|first1=E.|display-authors=etal|journal=New Astronomy Reviews|volume=49|issue=2–6|pages=289–295|bibcode=2005NewAR..49..289A}}</ref> Using a two-phase (liquid/gas) [[time projection chamber]] with active [[target mass ranging]] from tens to hundreds of kilograms, the XENON project has operated the XENON10<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021303|title = First Results from the XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory|year = 2008|last1 = Angle|first1 = J.|display-authors=etal |collaboration=XENON Collaboration |journal = Physical Review Letters|volume = 100|issue = 2|page = 021303|pmid = 18232850}}</ref> and XENON100 detectors at the [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso|Gran Sasso underground laboratory]], leading the field with the best sensitivity and the most competitive limits on WIMP-nucleon interaction [[cross section (physics)|cross-sections]].<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=1107.2155|doi=10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.01.003|title=The XENON100 dark matter experiment|year=2012|last1=Aprile|first1=E.|display-authors=etal|collaboration=XENON100 Collaboration|journal=Astroparticle Physics|volume=35|issue=9|pages=573–590|bibcode=2012APh....35..573X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=1005.0380|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.131302|title=First Dark Matter Results from the XENON100 Experiment|year=2010|last1=Aprile|first1=E.|display-authors=etal|collaboration=XENON100 Collaboration|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=105|issue=13|page=131302|pmid=21230760|bibcode=2010PhRvL.105m1302A}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/science/space/14dark.html |title=Particle Hunt Nets Almost Nothing; the Hunters Are Almost Thrilled |work=The New York Times |date=2011-04-14 |page=A18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = First Axion Results from the XENON100 Experiment |date = 2014 |volume=90|issue = 6|page= 062009 |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.062009 |arxiv= 1404.1455|bibcode= 2014PhRvD..90f2009A|last1 = Aprile |first1 = E. |collaboration=XENON100 Collaboration |display-authors=etal|journal = Physical Review D}}</ref> The XENON100 detector has been in operation since 2009, and the construction of the next-generation detector, XENON1T is near completion. With an active xenon mass larger than 3000&nbsp;kg, XENON1T is expected to start operation by the end of 2015, to become the first experiment for dark matter detection at the tonne-scale. With the increased mass and hundred times lower background than XENON100, the new XENON1T will be able to probe dark matter interactions with ordinary matter at the 10<sup>−47</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> level for a particle mass of 50 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=1206.6288|title=The XENON1T Dark Matter Search Experiment|journal=Springer Proceedings in Physics|year=2012|volume=148|page=93|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-7241-0_14|bibcode=2013SPPhy.148...93A|isbn=978-94-007-7240-3|last1=Aprile|first1=Elena}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.studio360.org/story/292104-finding-beauty-search-dark-matter/ |title=Finding Beauty in the Search for Dark Matter |work=Studio 360 |location=New York |publisher=Public Radio International |date=2013-05-10 |access-date=2014-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423110807/http://www.studio360.org/story/292104-finding-beauty-search-dark-matter/ |archive-date=2015-04-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Since 2001, Aprile's research focus shifted to particle astrophysics, specifically to direct detection of [[dark matter]] with liquid xenon.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.081302|title = Simultaneous Measurement of Ionization and Scintillation from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for a Dark Matter Experiment|year = 2006|last1 = Aprile|first1 = E.|display-authors=etal|journal = Physical Review Letters|volume = 97|issue = 8|page = 081302|pmid = 17026288|arxiv = astro-ph/0601552}}</ref> Aprile is the founder and spokesperson of the [[XENON]] dark matter experiment, which aims to discover [[WIMPs]] as they scatter off xenon atoms in massive yet ultra-low background<ref>{{cite journal |title=Study of the electromagnetic background in the XENON100 experiment |year=2011|volume=83|issue=82001|page=082001|doi=10.1103/physrevd.83.082001 |arxiv=1101.3866|bibcode=2011PhRvD..83h2001A|last1=Aprile|first1=E.|display-authors=etal|collaboration=XENON100 Collaboration|journal=Physical Review D}}</ref> liquid xenon detectors operated deep underground.<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=astro-ph/0407575|doi=10.1016/j.newar.2005.01.035|title=The XENON dark matter search experiment|year=2005|last1=Aprile|first1=E.|display-authors=etal|journal=New Astronomy Reviews|volume=49|issue=2–6|pages=289–295|bibcode=2005NewAR..49..289A}}</ref>


== Awards ==
== Awards ==

Revision as of 14:03, 23 May 2020

Elena Aprile
Born(1954-03-12)March 12, 1954
Milan, Italy
Alma materUniversity of Naples
University of Geneva
Known forXENON Dark Matter Search
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsColumbia University

Elena Aprile (born March 12, 1954 in Milan) is an Italian experimental particle physicist. She has been a professor of physics at Columbia University since 1986. She is the founder and spokesperson of the XENON Dark Matter Experiment. Aprile is well known for her work with noble liquid detectors and for her contributions to particle astrophysics in the search for dark matter.[1][2]

Education and Academic Career

Aprile studied physics at the University of Naples and completed her masters thesis at CERN under the supervision of Professor Carlo Rubbia.[3] After receiving her Laurea degree in 1978, she enrolled at the University of Geneva, from which she received her Ph.D. in physics in 1982. She moved to Harvard University in 1983 as a postdoctoral researcher in Carlo Rubbia's group. Aprile joined the faculty of Columbia University in 1986,[3] attaining her full professorship in 2001. From 2003 to 2009, Aprile served as co-director of the Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory.

Research

Aprile is a specialist in noble liquid detectors and their application in particle physics and astrophysics.[4] She began working on liquid argon detectors as a graduate student at CERN, continuing her research as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard. At Columbia she investigated the properties of noble liquids for radiation spectroscopy and imaging in astrophysics.[5] This work led to the realization of the first liquid xenon time projection chamber (LXeTPC) as a Compton telescope for MeV gamma rays.

From 1996 to 2001, Aprile was spokesperson of the NASA-sponsored Liquid Xenon Gamma-Ray Imaging Telescope (LXeGRIT) project, leading the first engineering test of the telescope in a near-space environment and subsequent science campaigns with long-duration balloon flights. LXeGRIT used a liquid xenon time projection chamber as a Compton telescope for imaging cosmic sources in the 0.15 to 10 MeV energy band. A total of about 36 hours of data were gathered from two long-duration flights in 1999 and 2000, at an average altitude of 39 km.[6][7][8]

Since 2001, Aprile's research focus shifted to particle astrophysics, specifically to direct detection of dark matter with liquid xenon.[9] Aprile is the founder and spokesperson of the XENON dark matter experiment, which aims to discover WIMPs as they scatter off xenon atoms in massive yet ultra-low background[10] liquid xenon detectors operated deep underground.[11]

Awards

References

  1. ^ Kolata, Gina (2011-06-06). "Women Atop Their Fields Dissect the Scientific Life". The New York Times. New York.
  2. ^ http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jul-aug/20-the-dark-hunter
  3. ^ a b Nathaniel Herzberg (2017-05-29). "Elena Aprile, la chasseuse de matière noire". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  4. ^ E. Aprile, A. E. Bolotnikov, A. I. Bolozdynya, T. Doke: Noble Gas Detectors. Wiley 2006.
  5. ^ Aprile, E.; Doke, T. (2010). "Liquid xenon detectors for particle physics and astrophysics". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (3): 2053–2097. arXiv:0910.4956. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82.2053A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2053.
  6. ^ Aprile, E.; et al. (2004). "Calibration and in-flight performance of the Compton telescope prototype LXeGRIT". New Astronomy Reviews. 48 (1–4): 257–262. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.053.
  7. ^ Aprile, E.; Curioni, A.; Giboni, K.-L.; Kobayashi, M.; Ni, K.; Oberlack, U.G. (2003). "A New Light Readout System for the LXeGRIT Time Projection Chamber" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 50 (5): 1303–1308. doi:10.1109/TNS.2003.818235.
  8. ^ "LXeGRIT - A Liquid Xenon Gamma-Ray Imaging Telescope". 2002-10-22. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
  9. ^ Aprile, E.; et al. (2006). "Simultaneous Measurement of Ionization and Scintillation from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for a Dark Matter Experiment". Physical Review Letters. 97 (8): 081302. arXiv:astro-ph/0601552. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.081302. PMID 17026288.
  10. ^ Aprile, E.; et al. (XENON100 Collaboration) (2011). "Study of the electromagnetic background in the XENON100 experiment". Physical Review D. 83 (82001): 082001. arXiv:1101.3866. Bibcode:2011PhRvD..83h2001A. doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.082001.
  11. ^ Aprile, E.; et al. (2005). "The XENON dark matter search experiment". New Astronomy Reviews. 49 (2–6): 289–295. arXiv:astro-ph/0407575. Bibcode:2005NewAR..49..289A. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2005.01.035.
  12. ^ "Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana" (in Italian). 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-03-16.
  13. ^ "268686 Elenaaprile (2006 GW)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  14. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  15. ^ "Elena Aprile of XENON1T to Receive 2019 Berkeley Prize". AAS – American Astronomical Society. 18 June 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  16. ^ "UC San Diego Announces Margaret Burbidge Visiting Professorship". ucsdnews.ucsd.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-05.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elena_Aprile&oldid=958384317"