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12th century in Wales

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11th century | 13th century | Other years in Wales
Other events of the century

This article is about the particular significance of the century 1101–1200 to Wales and its people.

Events

1102

1103

  • Iorwerth ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys, having been insufficiently rewarded for his actions the previous year, again rebels against Henry I[1] and is arraigned before a royal tribunal at Shrewsbury, convicted and imprisoned, leaving his brother Cadwgan ap Bleddyn as sole ruler of the parts of Powys not already in Norman hands.[4]

1109

1110

1111

1112

  • William de Braose regains possession of the estates lost two years earlier.

1113

1114

1115

1116

1119

1120

1121

1123

1124

1125

  • Bernard, Bishop of St David's, ejects the Benedictines from Carmarthen, replacing them with the Augustinian order.
  • David, Bishop of Bangor, visits the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth.

1127

1128

  • 19 April - Bishop Urban of Llandaff seeks support from the Pope for the extension of his diocese.[9]

1129

1130

1131

  • 9 May - Tintern Abbey is founded.
  • Bernard, Bishop of St David's, is present at a second council of Reims. His cathedral at St David's receives a “dedication”, possibly indicating a partial rebuilding.

1132

1133

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139

1140

1141

1143

1144

  • Bernard, Bishop of St David's, gives land at Trefgarn to the first Cistercian monks to settle in west Wales.
  • Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd ap Cynan brings a Danish fleet to Abermenai from his Irish allies; the Danes are driven out by his brother Owain Gwynedd. Cadwaladr is reconciled with Owain and restored to Ceredigion.
  • Hugh de Mortimer recaptures Maelienydd and Elfael from the Welsh.

1145

1146

1147

1148

1149

1150

1151

  • Cadell ap Gruffydd is attacked by Normans while hunting in the forest of Coed Rhath. Although he survives the attack, he is unable to continue his military activities.

1152

1153

1154

1155

1157

  • King Henry II of England invades Wales, with the support of Madog ap Maredudd, attacking Anglesey by sea. Following a highly successful ambush in Hawarden Woods (led by Owain's sons Dafydd and Cynan) near Ewloe in north-east Wales, Owain Gwynedd repulsed Henry II's army, his forces scattering in disarray and his royal standard was thrown to the ground; a symbol of surrender in those times. The standard bearer was later killed in a judicial duel connected to this humiliating retreat. King Henry escaped with his life but had suffered a humiliating set back. Realising that further confronting the Plantagenet king would be a highly risky affair, the subsequent peace agreement between Henry and Owain saw the latter buy peace with a certain number of cattle and, although he also cedes Tegeingl to Henry; it is recovered into Welsh hands in the late 1160s. Owain is also made to return his brother Cadwaladr to his former position.

1158

1159

1160

1162

1163

1164

1165

  • King Henry II of England invades Wales via Oswestry; Owain Gwynedd gathers an army composed of the forces of the several of the other native rulers of Wales and camps at Corwen. After a few skirmishes, Henry withdraws up Berwyn mountain for security and eventually felly retreats to England without fighting. Although Henry cites bad weather as the reason for his withdrawal, the Welsh troops, under the same skies, remained in the field; from now on, Owain is considered prince of Wales. This was a signal success for Owain and was recorded as such by contemporary English chronicler, John of Salisbury. Similarly, Owain's successes against Henry are mentioned in the diplomatic messages exchanged with the French king, Louis VII.
  • Cardigan Castle is captured and Robert Fitz-Stephen is taken prisoner by the Lord Rhys of Deheubarth.

1165

1167

1170

1171

1172

  • Philip de Braose is given the “honour” of Limerick, in recognition of his service to the English king in Ireland.
  • Gerald of Wales completes his studies at the University of Paris and returns to Britain. He is soon commissioned by the Archbishop of Canterbury to enforce the payment of tithes on wool and cheese in the diocese of St David's. In the same year David Fitzgerald, the bishop, is granted a royal charter confirming all his possessions.
  • Following the death of his son Owain at the hands of the Earl of Gloucester, Iorwerth ab Owain rebels against Norman rule.

1173

  • Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd, one of the sons of Owain Gwynedd, is driven into exile in Ireland by his brother Dafydd. Dafydd sides with the King of England against the Welsh rebels and seeks the hand of Henry's half-sister Emma of Anjou in return for his assistance.
  • Iorwerth ab Owain and his son take Caerleon and other castles in Gwent.

1174

1175

1176

1177

1179

1180

1183

  • Gerald of Wales visits Ireland, with his brother Philip.
  • A rising in Glamorgan is led by Morgan ap Caradog ap Iestyn.

1184

1185

1186

1187

1188

  • Gerald of Wales accompanies Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, on a journey through Wales to recruit volunteers for the Third Crusade. The only Welsh ruler who refuses to support the visit is Owain Cyfeiliog, who is excommunicated for his failure to cooperate.

1189

1190

1192

1194

1195

1196

1199

1200

Books

Births

1132

1146

1173

Deaths

1101

1107

1111

1115

1116

1120

1129

1132

1134

1136

1137

1143

1148

1155

1160

1170

1172

1175

1176

1191

1195

1197

1200

References

  1. ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 58–60. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  2. ^ Crouch, David (2007). The Normans; The History of a Dynasty. London: Hambledon Continuum. p. 175.
  3. ^ Moody; et al., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland. 8: A Chronology of Irish History. T. W.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
  4. ^ "Iorwerth ap Bleddyn". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 1959. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  5. ^ Beeler, John (1966). Warfare in England, 1066-1189. Cornell University Press. p. 222-226.
  6. ^ Glenn, Thomas Allen (1913). Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania. Oxford, England. ISBN 0806304308.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Turner, Sharon (1830). The History of England from the Earliest Period to the Death of Elizabeth: The history of England: middle ages. In five volumes. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green. pp. 286.
  8. ^ Pryce, Huw (15 October 2010). The Acts of Welsh Rulers, 1120-1283. University of Wales Press. p. 473. ISBN 978-1-78316-429-5.
  9. ^ Historical Society of the Church in Wales (1947). Journal. p. 95.
  10. ^ Morgan, Charles Octavius S. (1867). Notes on Penhow castle, by O. Morgan and T. Wakeman. p. 6.
  11. ^ Brett, M. (1975). The English Church Under Henry I. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 105–111. ISBN 0-19-821861-3.
  12. ^ Millward, Roy; Adrian Henry Wardle Robinson (1971). The Welsh Marches. Macmillan. p. 56. ISBN 9780333126073.
  13. ^ Archaeologia Cambrensis. W. Pickering. 1866. p. 403.
  14. ^ Lloyd, John Edward. "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1203), king of Gwynedd". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  15. ^ "Giraldus Cambrensis". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 1959. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  16. ^ Robert William Eyton (1856). Antiquities of Shropshire. J. R. Smith. p. 249.
  17. ^ Michael Prestwich; R. H. Britnell; Robin Frame (2003). Thirteenth Century England IX: Proceedings of the Durham Conference 2001. Boydell Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-85115-575-3.
  18. ^ David Crouch (29 November 2005). The Image of Aristocracy: In Britain, 1000-1300. Routledge. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-134-97794-9.
  19. ^ Brut y Tywysogion pp. 136–137.
  20. ^ "A Christian presence since the 12th Century". St Mary's Church, Aberavon. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  21. ^ William of Malmesbury; Thomson, Rodney M.; Winterbottom, Michael (1998). Gesta Regum Anglorum. Clarendon Press. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-19-820682-8.
  22. ^ Doran, John; Damian J. Smith (10 June 2016). Pope Innocent II (1130-43): The World vs the City. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-317-07831-9.
  23. ^ Davies, Sean (15 November 2014). War and Society in Medieval Wales 633-1283: Welsh Military Institutions. University of Wales Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-78316-142-3.
  24. ^ Glenn, Thomas Allen (1970). Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-8063-0430-4.
  25. ^ Transactions - Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. The Society. 1943. p. 25.
  26. ^ Maund, K. L. (1996). Gruffudd Ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Boydell & Brewer. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-85115-389-6.
  27. ^ Brut y Tywysogion p. 138. "...there was a great pestilence throughout the island of Britain ... and that tempest killed innumerable people and many of the nobility and many princes, and spared none. That year, four days before May Day, died Rhys ap Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth and unconquered head of all Wales."
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