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15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic

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15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic

XVe législature de la Cinquième République française
Coat of arms or logo
History
Founded21 June 2017 (2017-06-21)
Disbanded21 June 2022 (2022-06-21)
Preceded by14th legislature
Succeeded by16th legislature
Leadership
Structure
Seats577 deputies
Political groups
Government (344)
  •   LREM (266)[a]
  •   MDDA (56)[b]
  •   AE (22)[c]

Opposition (222)

Vacant (11)

  •   Vacant (11)
Elections
Two-round system
Last election
11 and 18 June 2017

The 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic (French: XVe législature de la Cinquième République française) was the French Parliament that was in office from 27 June 2017 (following the legislative elections on 11 and 18 June 2017) until 21 June 2022. The party of President Emmanuel Macron, La République En Marche! (LREM), obtained an absolute majority of 308 deputies, alongside its ally, the Democratic Movement (MoDem), which secured 42 seats. The newly installed deputies elected François de Rugy as President of the National Assembly when the National Assembly first convened on 27 June. The legislative election saw a record level of renewal, with only a quarter of the deputies elected in 2012 also elected in 2017, as well as a significant increase in the representation of women and youth. With seven planned parliamentary groups, it would be the most fragmented National Assembly since 1958.

It was preceded by the 14th legislature and succeeded by the 16th legislature.

Composition of the executive

[edit]

Composition of the National Assembly

[edit]
See also: List of deputies of the 15th National Assembly of France
Proportion of women elected
to the National Assembly[1]
2017 elections
 
 38.8%
2012 elections
 
 26.9%
2007 elections
 
 18.5%
2002 elections
 
 12.1%
1997 elections
 
 10.8%
1993 elections
 
 5.9%
1988 elections
 
 5.6%

A record number and proportion of women were elected in the legislative elections, with 224 in total representing 38.8% of the National Assembly. This was an 11.9 percentage point increase over the previous legislature in which 155 women were elected deputies, representing 26.9% of the composition.[1]

The average age of deputies in the 15th legislature was also significantly lower than that of the previous, at 48 years and 240 days compared to the previous legislature at 53 years and 195 days. The number of deputies under 30 years old soared from 4 to 29, while the number from 30 to 49 years old increased from 197 to 271, and the number of deputies between 60 and 69 years old was halved from 171 to 87.[2]

Higher professions continued to remain dominant in the assembly despite these changes.[2]

The legislative elections also saw a massive degree of renewal, with only a quarter of deputies elected in 2012 being re-elected in 2017; of the 354 outgoing deputies who stood for re-election, only 148 won. A total of 429 deputies elected to the 15th legislature were not elected in 2012. The renewal can be explained in part by the large number of outgoing deputies who did not seek to retain their seat: 223 deputies, representing 39% of the assembly. Of the 354 who did present themselves, 125 were eliminated in the first round on 11 June, 81 were defeated in the second round, and 148 were re-elected.[3]

Changes in composition

[edit]
See also: List of deputies of the 15th National Assembly of France § Former deputies

Members of the National Assembly who join the government are required to give up their seats to their substitutes (suppléants) a month after their appointment, as stipulated in the constitution.[4] Should ministers quit the government, they recover their seat in the National Assembly from their substitute a month after their resignation. By-elections are held in the event of the annulation of electoral results or vacancies caused by resignations (in most circumstances not those related to the death of a deputy, in which case the substitute takes the seat if possible), except within the year before legislative elections.[5]

The appointment of the Philippe I government obligated several appointed ministers to give up their seats in the National Assembly to their substitutes: specifically, Minister of Economy and Finance Bruno Le Maire (Eure's 1st constituency) in favor of Séverine Gipson; Secretary of State for the Digital Sector Mounir Mahjoubi (Paris's 16th constituency) in favor of Delphine O; Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Marielle de Sarnez (Paris's 11th constituency) in favor of Maud Gatel; Minister of Territorial Cohesion Richard Ferrand (Finistère's 6th constituency) in favor of Lætitia Dolliou; Minister for Overseas France Annick Girardin (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon's 1st constituency) in favor of Stéphane Claireaux; and Secretary of State for Relations with Parliament and Government Spokesman Christophe Castaner (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence's 2nd constituency) in favor of Emmanuelle Fontaine-Domeizel.[6] Following a reshuffle and the formation of the Philippe II government, Ferrand took his seat after his ephemeral ministerial tenure, as did de Sarnez after her departure from the government.[7]

By-elections

[edit]
Main article: List of by-elections to the 15th National Assembly of France
Dates Constituency Incumbent deputy Party Group Elected deputy Party Reason for by-election Ref(s)
28 Jan and 4 Feb 2018 Val-d'Oise's 1st Isabelle Muller-Quoy LREM LREM Antoine Savignat LR Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [8][9][10]
28 Jan and 4 Feb 2018 Territoire de Belfort's 1st Ian Boucard LR LR Ian Boucard LR Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [11][12][13]
4 Mar and 11 Mar 2018 French Guiana's 2nd Lénaïck Adam LREM LREM Lénaïck Adam LREM Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [14][15]
11 Mar and 18 Mar 2018 Haute-Garonne's 8th Joël Aviragnet PS NG Joël Aviragnet PS Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [16][17]
18 Mar and 25 Mar 2018 Loiret's 4th Jean-Pierre Door LR LR Jean-Pierre Door LR Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [18][19]
18 Mar and 25 Mar 2018 Mayotte's 1st Ramlati Ali PS LREM Ramlati Ali LREM Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [20][21]
8 Apr and 22 Apr 2018 French residents overseas' 5th Samantha Cazebonne LREM LREM Samantha Cazebonne LREM Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [22][23]
15 Apr and 22 Apr 2018 Wallis and Futuna's 1st Napole Polutele DVG UAI app. Sylvain Brial SE Election invalidated by the Constitutional Council [24][25]
23 Sep and 30 Sep 2018 Réunion's 7th Thierry Robert MoDem MoDem Jean-Luc Poudroux DVD Declared ineligible by the Constitutional Council [26]
18 Nov and 25 Nov 2018 Essonne's 1st Manuel Valls DVG LREM Francis Chouat LREM Resignation [27]

Election of the President of the National Assembly

[edit]

The election of the President of the National Assembly occurred on 27 June at 15:00 CEST at the Palais Bourbon. The election, conducted by secret ballot, was presided over by the oldest member of the National Assembly (Bernard Brochant, LR), assisted by the six youngest deputies in the National Assembly, who serve as secretaries,[28] namely, Ludovic Pajot, Typhanie Degois, Lénaïck Adam, Pierre Henriet, Robin Reda, and Bénédicte Peyrol.[29] If, after two rounds, no candidate receives an absolute majority of votes, only a relative majority is required for election in the third ballot. Though the government indicated its preference for a politician from the right to take the position, a number of members of La République En Marche! voiced support for electing a president from among their ranks. Emmanuel Macron has also indicated a preference for a woman to become president of the assembly.[30] Deputies named as ministers may not participate in the election of the president of the assembly, and their substitutes are only seated a month after the formation of the government (21 July).

Three deputies under the LREM label sought to seek the election as President of the National Assembly. After his re-election in Loire-Atlantique's 1st constituency on 18 June, the ecologist François de Rugy announced his intention to seek the presidency of the assembly, having made known his intentions to Macron.[31] The candidacies of Sophie Errante and Brigitte Bourguignon were revealed discreetly on 23 June; both women served a single term after elected under the Socialist label in the 2012 legislative elections.[32] LR deputy Jean-Charles Taugourdeau also presented himself as a candidate "for the form", according to the entourage of the Christian Jacob, the president of The Republicans group,[33] in addition to Laure de la Raudière for the "constructives" group, Laurence Dumont for the "New Left" (former socialist) group, and Caroline Fiat for the FI group. The LREM candidate François de Rugy was designated by a vote of members; with 301 votes, a total of 153 votes were cast for de Rugy, 59 for Errante, 54 for Bourguignon, 32 for Philippe Folliot (whose candidacy was announced on 27 June by government spokesman Christophe Castaner), 2 blank votes, and 1 null vote.[34] De Rugy was ultimately elected president of the assembly with 353 votes, against 94 for Taugourdeau, 34 for de La Raudière, 32 for Dumont, and 30 for Fiat, with 567 votes of which 543 were expressed.[35]

Candidate Constituency Political
group 		Votes %
François de Rugy Loire-Atlantique's 1st LREM 353 65.01
Jean-Charles Taugourdeau Maine-et-Loire's 3rd LR 94 17.31
Laure de La Raudière Eure-et-Loir's 3rd LC 34 6.26
Laurence Dumont Calvados's 2nd NG 32 5.89
Caroline Fiat Meurthe-et-Moselle's 6th FI 30 5.52
Votes 567 100.00
Blank and null votes 24 4.23
Expressed votes 543 95.77
Designation of the LREM candidate[34]
Candidate Constituency Political
group 		Votes
François de Rugy Loire-Atlantique's 1st LREM 153
Sophie Errante Loire-Atlantique's 10th LREM 59
Brigitte Bourguignon Pas-de-Calais's 6th LREM 54
Philippe Folliot Tarn's 1st LREM 32
Votes 301
Blank votes 2
Null votes 1

Parliamentary groups

[edit]

Parliamentary groups had until 26 June to elect their presidents, and on 27 June political groups were officially registered within the National Assembly through the rendering of a political declaration signed by each of its members.[30] With 7 parliamentary groups, this National Assembly would be the most fragmented since 1958.[36]

The Democratic Movement (MoDem) sought to form its own group in the National Assembly independent of that of La République En Marche!, with more than the 15 seats required to form a parliamentary group.[37] The French Communist Party and la France Insoumise, which failed to secure an alliance during the preceding legislative elections,[38] also chose to form independent groups in the National Assembly, with André Chassaigne of the PCF announcing the continuation of the previous group on 21 June, including 11 of its own deputies and 4 from overseas France, but without opposition to the FI group. Jean-Luc Mélenchon's demand to impose voting discipline and an obligation to respect the program of his movement prevented the creation of a common group.[39]

In the aftermath of the legislative elections, the split between Macron-compatible "constructives" within the Republicans (LR) and the rest of the party re-emerged. On 21 June, Thierry Solère announced the creation of a new common group in the National Assembly with the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) likely to contain 18 UDI and about 15 LR deputies. The formation of two parliamentary groups on the right represented a symbolic divorce to the two threads on the right (the moderates and the hardliners) and the end of the old Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) which had been created in 2002 to unite the right and centre.[40]

On 21 June, Christian Jacob was re-elected to lead the Republicans group with 62 votes against Damien Abad with 32 votes.[41] Olivier Faure was re-elected as president of the New Left group on 22 June with 28 votes against Delphine Batho with 3 votes,[42] Richard Ferrand was elected president of the La République En Marche group on 24 June with 306 votes and 2 abstentions,[43] Marc Fesneau was unanimously elected president of the Democratic Movement group on 25 June with 42 votes,[44] Mélenchon was unanimously elected president of la France insoumise group on 27 June, the "constructives" group selected Franck Riester (LR) and Stéphane Demilly (UDI) as co-chairs, and the GDR will continue to be presided over by André Chassaigne.[34]

Composition of the National Assembly as of 30 October 2018[45]
Parliamentary group Members Related Total President
LREM La République En Marche 307 1 308 Gilles Le Gendre
LR The Republicans 99 5 104 Christian Jacob
MoDem Democratic Movement and affiliated 40 6 46 Patrick Mignola
NG New Left 25 4 29 Valérie Rabault
UAI UDI, Agir and Independents 27 1 28 Jean-Christophe Lagarde
FI La France Insoumise 17 0 17 Jean-Luc Mélenchon
GDR Democratic and Republican Left 16 0 16 André Chassaigne
LT Libertés and Territories 16 0 16 Bertrand Pancher, Philippe Vigier
NI Non-inscrits – – 12 –
Vacant, pending Essonne's 1st by-elections 1 –

Bureau of the National Assembly

[edit]

The National Assembly elected six vice presidents, three quaestors, and twelve secretaries on 30 October 2018.[46]

Composition of the bureau[47]
Post Name Constituency Group
President Richard Ferrand Finistère's 6th LREM
Vice president Carole Bureau-Bonnard Oise's 6th LREM
Hugues Renson Paris's 13th LREM
Sylvain Waserman Bas-Rhin's 2nd constituency Modem
Marc Le Fur Côtes-d'Armor's 3rd LR
Annie Genevard Doubs's 5th LR
Maurice Leroy Loir-et-Cher's 3rd UAI
Quaestor Florian Bachelier Ille-et-Vilaine's 8th LREM
Laurianne Rossi Hauts-de-Seine's 11th LREM
Éric Ciotti Alpes-Maritimes's 1st LR
Secretary Lénaïck Adam French Guiana's 2nd LREM
Ramlati Ali Mayotte's 1st LREM
Clémentine Autain Seine-Saint-Denis's 11th FI
Danielle Brulebois Jura's 1st LREM
Luc Carvounas Val-de-Marne's 9th NG
Lionel Causse Landes's 2nd LREM
Laurence Dumont Calvados's 2nd NG
Marie Guévenoux Essonne's 9th LREM
Annaïg Le Meur Finistère's 1st LREM
Sophie Mette Gironde's 9th MoDem
Gabriel Serville French Guiana's 1st GDR
Guillaume Vuilletet Val-d'Oise's 2nd LREM

Former members of National Assembly's Bureau

[edit]
Post Name Constituency Group Mandate
President François de Rugy Loire-Atlantique's 1st LREM 27 June 2017 – 4 September 2018 [48]
Vice president Cendra Motin Isère's 6th LREM 28 June 2017 – 7 November 2017 [49]
Danielle Brulebois Jura's 1st LREM 28 June 2017 – 7 November 2017 [50]
Sacha Houlié Vienne's 2nd LREM 28 June 2017 – 16 January 2018 [51]
Yves Jégo Seine-et-Marne's 3rd UAI 16 January 2018 - 15 July 2018[52]
Quaestor Thierry Solère Hauts-de-Seine's 9th UAI, later LREM 28 June 2017 – 16 January 2018 [53]
Secretary Lénaïck Adam French Guiana's 2nd LREM 28 June 2017 – 8 December 2017
Ramlati Ali Mayotte's 1st LREM 28 June 2017 – 19 January 2018
Stéphanie Do Seine-et-Marne's 10th LREM 28 June 2017 – 31 January 2018
Marie Lebec Yvelines's 4th LREM 1 February 2018 – 3 April 2018

Presidencies of committees

[edit]

The presidencies of the eight standing committees was divided between the political groups on 29 June.[34]

Presidencies of committees[47]
Standing committees President Group
Cultural and Education Affairs Committee Bruno Studer LREM
Economic Affairs Committee Roland Lescure LREM
Foreign Affairs Committee Marielle de Sarnez MoDem
Social Affairs Committee Brigitte Bourguignon LREM
National Defence and Armed Forces Committee Jean-Jacques Bridey LREM
Sustainable Development, Spatial and Regional Planning Committee Barbara Pompili LREM
Finance, General Economy and Budgetary Monitoring Committee Éric Woerth LR
Constitutional Acts, Legislation and General Administration Committee Yaël Braun-Pivet LREM
Other committee President Group
European Affairs Committee Sabine Thillaye LREM

Vote of confidence

[edit]

In the vote of confidence in the new government on 4 July 2017, 370 voted in favor, 67 opposed, and 129 abstained,[54] representing a record level of abstention and the lowest level of opposition since 1959.[55]

Vote of confidence on 4 July 2017[54]
For Against Abstentions Non-voting
370
  • LREM (305)
  • MoDem (46)
  • LC (12)
  • NG (3)
  • NI (3)
  • LR (1)
 67
  • LR (23)
  • FI (17)
  • GDR (12)
  • NI (10)
  • NG (5)
 129
  • LR (75)
  • LC (23)
  • NG (23)
  • GDR (4)
  • NI (4)
 11
  • LREM (9)
  • LR (1)
  • MoDem (1)

Results of the legislative elections

[edit]
Main article: 2017 French legislative election
Party or allianceFirst roundSecond roundTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Presidential
majority		La République En Marche!6,391,26928.2127,826,24543.06306308
Democratic Movement932,2274.1201,100,6566.064242
Total7,323,42632.3328,926,90149.11348350
Parliamentary
right		The Republicans3,573,42715.7704,040,20322.23112112
Union of Democrats and Independents687,2253.031551,7843.041718
Miscellaneous right625,3452.760306,0741.6866
Total4,885,99721.5714,898,06126.95135136
National Front2,990,45413.2001,590,8698.7588
La France Insoumise2,497,62211.030883,5734.861717
Parliamentary
left		Socialist Party1,685,6777.4401,032,8425.683030
Miscellaneous left362,2811.601263,4881.451112
Radical Party of the Left106,3110.47064,8600.3633
Total2,154,2699.5111,361,1907.494445
Ecologists[k]973,5274.30023,1970.1311
French Communist Party615,4872.720217,8331.201010
Miscellaneous500,3092.210100,5740.5533
Debout la France265,4201.17017,3440.1011
Regionalists204,0490.900137,4900.7655
Far-left175,2140.7700
Far-right[l]68,3200.30019,0340.1011
Total22,654,164100.00418,176,066100.00573577
Valid votes22,654,16497.7818,176,06690.14
Invalid votes156,3260.67578,7652.87
Blank votes357,0181.541,409,7846.99
Total votes23,167,508100.0020,164,615100.00
Registered voters/turnout47,570,98848.7047,293,10342.64
Source: Ministry of the Interior
  1. ^
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  3. ^
  4. ^
  5. ^
  6. ^
  7. ^
  8. ^
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  10. ^
  11. ^ Seat won by Europe Ecology – The Greens.
  12. ^ Seat won by League of the South

Successive governments

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Législatives 2017 : 224 femmes élues, un chiffre historique". Le Monde. Agence France-Presse; Reuters. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  2. ^ a b Gary Dagorn (19 June 2017). "Législatives : une Assemblée plus jeune, plus paritaire, mais toujours peu représentative". Le Monde. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  3. ^ Adrien Sénécat (19 June 2017). "Après les législatives 2017, 75 % de l'Assemblée nationale est renouvelée, un record". Le Monde. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  4. ^ Astrid de Villaines (23 June 2012). "Arrivée des 25 députés suppléants de ministres à l'Assemblée nationale". LCP. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  5. ^ "Code électoral, Chapitre IX : Remplacement des députés". Légifrance. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  6. ^ Aurélie Delmas (19 June 2017). "Ces députés siégeront à la place d'un ministre". Libération. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  7. ^ Constance Daire (22 June 2017). "Remaniement : qu'est-ce qui change à l'Assemblée nationale ?". Libération. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  8. ^ "Décision n° 2017-4999/5007/5078 AN du 16 novembre 2017". Conseil constitutionnel. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  9. ^ "Décret n° 2017-1685 du 14 décembre 2017 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (1re circonscription du Val-d'Oise)". Légifrance. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  10. ^ "Élection législative partielle des 28 janvier et 4 février 2018 - 1ère circonscription du Val d'Oise (95)" (PDF). Ministère de l'Intérieur. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  11. ^ "Décision n°2017-5067 AN du 8 décembre 2017". Conseil constitutionnel. 8 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  12. ^ "Décret n° 2017-1693 du 15 décembre 2017 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (1re circonscription du département du Territoire de Belfort)". Légifrance. 16 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  13. ^ "Élection législative partielle des 28 janvier et 4 février 2018 - 1ère circonscription du Territoire de Belfort (90)" (PDF). Ministère de l'Intérieur. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  14. ^ "Décision n° 2017-5091 AN du 8 décembre 2017". Conseil constitutionnel. 8 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  15. ^ "Décret n° 2018-25 du 19 janvier 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (2e circonscription de la Guyane)". Légifrance. 20 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  16. ^ "Décision n° 2017-5098/5159 AN du 18 décembre 2017". Conseil constitutionnel. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  17. ^ "Décret n° 2018-40 du 23 janvier 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (8e circonscription de Haute-Garonne)". Légifrance. 25 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  18. ^ "Décision n° 2017-5092 AN du 18 décembre 2017". Conseil constitutionnel. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  19. ^ "Décret n° 2018-45 du 29 janvier 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (4e circonscription du Loiret)". Légifrance. 31 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  20. ^ "Décision n° 2017-5126 AN du 19 janvier 2018". Conseil constitutionnel. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  21. ^ "Décret n° 2018-59 du 2 février 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (1re circonscription de Mayotte)". Légifrance. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  22. ^ "Décision n° 2017-5052 AN du 2 février 2018". Conseil constitutionnel. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  23. ^ "Décret n° 2018-116 du 20 février 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (5e circonscription des Français établis hors de France)". Légifrance. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  24. ^ "Décision n° 2017-5162 AN du 2 février 2018". Conseil constitutionnel. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  25. ^ "Décret n° 2018-145 du 1er mars 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (circonscription des îles Wallis et Futuna)". Légifrance. 2 March 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  26. ^ "Décision n° 2018-1 OF du 6 juillet 2018". Conseil constitutionnel. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  27. ^ "Décret n° 2018-844 du 5 octobre 2018 portant convocation des électeurs pour l'élection d'un député à l'Assemblée nationale (1re circonscription de l'Essonne)". Légifrance. 6 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  28. ^ Noah Moulinet (21 June 2017). "Présidence de l'Assemblée nationale : LR ou LREM, à qui le perchoir?". Europe 1. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  29. ^ Blandine Le Cain; Roland Gauron (27 June 2017). "EN DIRECT - Jean-Luc Mélenchon désigné à la tête des députés de La France insoumise". Le Figaro. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  30. ^ a b Julien Licourt (19 June 2017). "Remaniement, président de l'Assemblée, vote de confiance... l'agenda chargé des prochains jours". Le Figaro. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  31. ^ Arthur Berdah (19 June 2017). "À peine réélu, François de Rugy postule à la présidence de l'Assemblée". Le Figaro. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  32. ^ Philippe Mathon (23 June 2017). "INFO LCP - Deux femmes candidates au "perchoir" de l'Assemblée nationale". LCP. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  33. ^ Loris Boichot (26 June 2017). "Assemblée nationale : trois "marcheurs" pour un perchoir". Le Figaro. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  34. ^ a b c d "En direct : Mélenchon élu à la tête du groupe de La France insoumise à l'Assemblée". Le Monde. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  35. ^ "LIVE POLITIQUE - Réforme du code du Travail : la CGT appelle à une journée de grève le 12 septembre". LCI. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  36. ^ Etienne Baldit (21 June 2017). "Il n'y a jamais eu autant de groupes à l'Assemblée nationale... depuis 1958". Europe 1. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  37. ^ Christophe Forcari (10 May 2017). "Pourquoi le Modem veut-il son propre groupe à l'Assemblée nationale ?". Libération. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  38. ^ Rachid Laïreche (9 May 2017). "Législatives : pas d'accord entre la France insoumise et le PCF". Libération. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  39. ^ "Les communistes ne s'allient pas à La France insoumise à l'Assemblée nationale". Le Monde. Agence France-Presse. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  40. ^ Matthieu Goar (21 June 2017). "Assemblée nationale : la droite consacre son divorce". Le Monde. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  41. ^ Clémence Bauduin (21 June 2017). "Les Républicains : Christian Jacob réélu président du groupe à l'Assemblée". RTL. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  42. ^ "Olivier Faure réélu à la tête du groupe socialiste de l'Assemblée nationale". Le Monde. Agence France-Presse. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
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  44. ^ "Marc Fesneau élu président du groupe MoDem à l'Assemblée nationale". Le Figaro. 25 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
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  46. ^ "Le Bureau de l'Assemblée nationale". National Assembly (in French). Retrieved 30 October 2018.
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  49. ^ "Cendra Motin n'est plus vice-présidente à l'Assemblée" (in French). Le Dauphiné libéré. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  50. ^ "Assemblée nationale : Danielle Brulebois perd sa vice-présidence au profit de Annie Genevard" (in French). france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  51. ^ "Sacha Houlié va démissionner de la vice-présidence de l' Assemblée Nationale" (in French). France Bleu. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  52. ^ Marcelo Wesfreid (19 September 2018). "Le député Yves Jégo quitte la vie politique" (in French). Le Figaro. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  53. ^ "Thierry Solère n'est plus questeur de l'Assemblée" (in French). 20 minutes. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  54. ^ a b "Scrutin public sur la déclaration de politique générale du Gouvernement de M. Édouard Philippe (application de l'article 49, alinéa premier, de la Constitution)" (PDF). Assemblée nationale. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  55. ^ "Discours de politique générale de Philippe : ce qu'il faut retenir des annonces du premier ministre". Le Monde. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
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