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Abdul Ali Mazari

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Ustad
Abdul Ali Mazari
استاد عبدالعلی مزاری
File:Abdul Ali Mazari.jpeg
Leader of Hezbe Wahdat
In office
1989 – 13 March 1995
Personal details
Born1946
Charkent, Balkh province, Afghanistan
DiedMarch 13, 1995(1995-03-13) (aged 48–49)
Ghazni city, Ghazni province, Afghanistan
NationalityAfghanistan
Political partyHezbe Wahdat
OccupationPolitician
AwardsMim Hea Mim peace award
EthnicityHazara
Websitebabamazari.info
NicknameBaba Mazari (Template:Lang-prs)
File:Statue of Mazari in Bamyan.JPG
Statue of Abdul Ali Mazari in Bamyan, Afghanistan. It was demolished by the Taliban regime in August 2021

Abdul Ali Mazari (Template:Lang-prs‎) (1946 – 13 March 1995)[1] was an ethnic Hazara militia and political leader of the Hezb-e Wahdat party during and following the Soviet-Afghan War.[2][3] Mazari believed that the solution to the internal divisions in Afghanistan was in a federal system of governance, with each ethnic group having specific constitutional rights and able to govern their land and people.[4] He was murdered by the Taliban in 1995, and posthumously given the title ‘Martyr Of National Unity’ in 2016 by Ashraf Ghani government.[5][6] He supported equal representation of all ethnic groups of Afghanistan, especially Hazaras, who are still being persecuted in Afghanistan.[7][8][9]

Early life

Abdul Ali Mazari was born in the Charkent district of Balkh province, south of the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif. This explains the surname, "Mazari". He began his primary schooling in theology at the local school in his village, then went to Mazar-i-Sharif, and later to Qom in Iran, and to Najaf in Iraq.

Political life

During the Soviet Red Army occupation of Afghanistan, Abdul Ali Mazari returned to his birthplace and gained a prominent place in the anti-Soviet resistance movement. During the first years of the resistance, he lost his young brother, Mohammed Sultan, during a battle against the Soviet-backed forces. He soon lost his sister and other members of his family in the resistance. His uncle, Mohammad Ja'afar, and his son, Mohammad Afzal, were imprisoned and killed by the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. His father, Haji Khudadad, and his brother, Haji Mohammad Nabi, were killed as well in the war.

Hezbe Wahdat

Abdul Ali Mazari was one of the founding members and the first leader of the Hezbe Wahdat ("Unity Party"). In the first party congress in Bamiyan, he was elected leader of the Central Committee and in the second congress, he was elected Secretary General. Mazari's initiative led to the creation of the Jonbesh-e Shamal or (Northern Movement), in which the country's most significant military forces joined ranks with the rebels, leading to a coup d'état and the eventual downfall of the Communist regime in Kabul.

Civil war

After the fall of Kabul[citation needed], the Afghan political parties agreed on a peace and power-sharing agreement, the Peshawar Accords. The Peshawar Accords created the Islamic State of Afghanistan and appointed an interim government for a transitional period to be followed by general elections. According to Human Rights Watch:

The sovereignty of Afghanistan was vested formally in the Islamic State of Afghanistan, an entity created in April 1992, after the fall of the Soviet-backed Najibullah government. ... With the exception of Pashtun warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami, all of the parties... were ostensibly unified under this government in April 1992. ... Hekmatyar's Hezbe Islami, for its part, refused to recognize the government for most of the period discussed in this report and launched attacks against government forces but the shells and rockets fell everywhere in Kabul resulting in many civilian casualties.[10]

The Hezbe Wahdat initially took part in the Islamic State and held some posts in the government. Soon, however, conflict broke out between the Hazara Hezbe Wahdat of Mazari and the Pashtun Ittihad-i Islami of warlord Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, supported by Saudi Arabia.[10][11][12] The Islamic State's defense minister Ahmad Shah Massoud tried to mediate between the factions with some success, but the cease-fire remained only temporary. In June 1992, the Hezbe Wahdat and the Ittihad-i Islami engaged in violent street battles against each other. With the support of Saudi Arabia,[11] Sayyaf's forces repeatedly attacked the western suburbs of Kabul resulting in heavy civilian casualties. Likewise, Mazari's forces were also accused of attacking civilian targets in the west.[13] Mazari acknowledged taking Pashtun civilians as prisoners, but defended the action by saying that Sayyaf's forces took Hazaras first.[14] Mazari's group started cooperating with Hekmatyar's group from January 1993.[15]

Death

File:Aramgah-e-shahid-mazari.png
Shrine of Abdul Ali Mazari in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh province

On March 12, 1995, the Taliban requested a personal meeting with Mazari and a delegation from the Islamic Wahdat Central Party Abuzar Ghaznawi, Ekhlaasi, Eid Mohammad Ibrahimi Behsudi, Ghassemi, Jan Mohammad, Sayed Ali Alavi, Bahodari, and Jan Ali in Chahar Asiab, near Kabul.[16] On their arrival, the group were abducted and tortured. The following day Mazari was executed and his body was found in a district of Ghazni. The Taliban issued a statement that Mazari had attacked the Taliban guards while being flown to Kandahar. Later his body and those of his companions were handed over to Hezb-e Wahdat, mutilated and showing signs of torture.

Mazari's body was carried on foot from Ghazni to Mazar-i-Sharif in the north (at the time under the control of his ally Abdul Rashid Dostum) all across the Hazara lands in heavy snow by his followers over forty days. Hundreds of thousands attended his funeral in Mazar-i Sharif. Mazari was officially named a Martyr for National Unity of Afghanistan by President Ashraf Ghani in 2016.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Biography of Abdul Ali Mazari". April 2, 2018.
  2. ^ "Afghanistan Online: Biography (Abdul Ali Mazari)". Afghan-web.com. 1995-03-13. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  3. ^ "Afghanistan rocked by northern bombing". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ Mazari, Abdul Ali (1995 (1374 AH)) Iḥyā-yi huvyyat: majmū‘ah-’i sukhanrānīha-yi shahīd-i mazlūm ... Ustād ‘Abd ‘Ali Mazāri (rah) (Resurrecting Identity: The collected speeches of Abdul Ali Mazari) Cultural Centre of Writers of Afghanistan, Sirāj, Qum, Iran, OCLC 37243327
  5. ^ a b "Mazari Conferred Title Of 'Martyr Of National Unity'". www.bakhtarnews.com.af.
  6. ^ "Taliban face stiff resistance in several provinces; violence breaks out in Pashtun-dominated Jalalabad". The Week. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  7. ^ "The Hazaras – Afghanistan's oppressed minority". Morning Star. August 22, 2019.
  8. ^ Zucchino, David; Faizi, Fatima (March 27, 2019). "They Are Thriving After Years of Persecution but Fear a Taliban Deal". The New York Times.
  9. ^ "'It's inhumane': Hazara react after 63 killed in targeted ISIS attack". Public Radio International.
  10. ^ a b "Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity". Human Rights Watch. 6 July 2005.
  11. ^ a b Amin Saikal (2006). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (1st ed.). London New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 352. ISBN 1-85043-437-9.
  12. ^ Gutman, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington DC.
  13. ^ "Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". www.hrw.org.
  14. ^ "Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". www.hrw.org.
  15. ^ "Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". www.hrw.org.
  16. ^ "Father of Hazara Nation - Abdul Ali Mazari". www.hazara.net. Retrieved 2019-06-11.
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