Bac Giang province

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Bac Giang province
Tỉnh Bắc Giang
—  Province  —
Làng Vân commune, Việt Yên District
Nickname(s): North of the River
Location of Bắc Giang within Vietnam
Coordinates: 21°20′N 106°20′E / 21.333°N 106.333°E / 21.333; 106.333Coordinates: 21°20′N 106°20′E / 21.333°N 106.333°E / 21.333; 106.333
Country  Vietnam
Region Northeast
Capital Bac Giang
Government
 • People's Council Chair Nguyễn Quốc Cường
 • People's Committee Chair Đào Xuân Cần
Area
 • Total 3,827.45 km2 (1,477.8 sq mi)
Population (2008)
 • Total 1,628,400
 • Density 425.5/km2 (1,101.9/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Ethnicities Vietnamese, Nùng, Sán Chay, Sán Dìu, Hoa, Tày
Time zone ICT (UTC+7)
Calling code 240
ISO 3166 code VN-54
Website Bacgiang Portal

Bắc Giang (About this sound listen) is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, being situated 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the east of Hanoi. The province covers an area of 3827.45 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,628,400 people.[1]

Bac Giang history is traced to the Hung Kings who established the Văn Lang nation, then followed in succession the rule of the Lê Dynasty and the Nguyen Dynasty. It was the prefecture of Đa Phúc during the time of Emperor Tu Duc, Vietnam’s last independent monarch. However, the modern province of Bắc Giang was founded in 1895.[2]

The province lies in the Red River Delta and borders Quảng Ninh to the east, Lạng Sơn to the north, Thái Nguyên and the urban district of Sóc Sơn in the capital Hanoi to the west, and Bắc Ninh and Hải Dương to the south.[3]

Industrial development has been planned intensively in this predominantly agararian province and as result there is discernible improvements in its economic conditions.

The province has many places of interest to visit such as the Xuong Giang Ancient Citadel, Cam Son Lake, Duc La Pagoda, Tho Ha Communal House and so forth.[3][4]

Contents

[edit] Etymology

The province's name is derived from the Sino-Vietnamese word Hán Tự: 北江, meaning "north of the river."

[edit] History

During the time of the Hung Kings, who started the nation of Văn Lang, Bắc Giang was in the division of Võ Ninh.

During the Lê Dynasty, the province was the prefecture of Bắc Hà. Following the ascent of the Nguyen Dynasty, it became the prefecture of Thiên Phúc in 1822, before becoming the prefecture of Đa Phúc during the time of Emperor Tu Duc, Vietnam’s last independent monarch. From November 5, 1889 to September 9, 1891 there existed the province of Lục Nam.[5] It comprised the districts of Bảo Lộc, Phượng Nhỡn, Lục Nam, Hữu Lũng (split from Lạng Giang and Bắc Ninh Province) and the district of Yên Bái (split from Lạng Sơn Province). In 1891 after the return of the districts of Bảo Lộc and Phượng Nhỡn back to Bắc Ninh Province, Lục Nam was abolished and integrated into Đạo Quan binh I.

The modern province of Bắc Giang was founded on October 10, 1895, when it was created out of Bắc Ninh Province.[2] It initially comprised the prefectures of Lạng Giang and Đa Phúc and the districts of Kim Anh, Yên Dũng, Phượng Nhỡn, Việt Yên, Hiệp Hòa, Yên Thế and some small territories south of the Lục Nam River. The province capital was Phủ Lạng Thương, which is now the city of Bắc Giang. In 1896, the prefecture of Đa Phúc and the district of Kim Anh was returned to Bắc Ninh Province.

In 1950, Bắc Giang was put into the Confederation of Northern Vietnam (Liên khu Việt Bắc) by the communist Vietminh and comprised seven districts: Hiệp Hoà, Lục Ngạn, Yên Thế, Lạng Giang, Việt Yên, Yên Dũng, Hữu Lũng.[6]

On February 22, 1955, the district of Sơn Động of Quảng Yên Province was incorporated into Bắc Giang Province. On July 1, 1956, upon the formation of the Autonomous Region of Northern Vietnam (Khu tự trị Việt Bắc), the district of Hữu Lũng was transferred to Lạng Sơn Province. On January 21, 1957, the districts of Sơn Động and Lục Ngạn were divided into the three districts of Sơn Động, Lục Ngạn and Lục Nam. On October 27, 1962, Bắc Giang merged with Bắc Ninh into the new province of Hà Bắc, until it was re-partitioned on January 1, 1997 into its previous components.

[edit] Geography

Bắc Giang lies in the Red River Delta. It borders Quảng Ninh to the east, Lạng Sơn to the north, Thái Nguyên and the urban district of Sóc Sơn in the capital Hanoi to the west, and Bắc Ninh and Hải Dương to the south.[3] It comprises three land forms namely, the lowland or the delta land, the midland and the mountainous region. While the midland areas are in the districts of Hiep Hoa and Viet Yen and the Bac Giang city, the mountanous districts are the Son Dong, Luc Ngan, Yen The, Tan Yen, Yen Dung, Lang Giang; the seven mountanous districts account for 72% of area of the Bac Giang province.[4][7]

Of the total land area of the province, 123,000 hectares (300,000 acres) is agricultural land,110,000 hectares (270,000 acres) is forest land, 66,500 hectares (164,000 acres) is residential and urban land and for other uses. The farmland in the proivnce is good intensive farming of rice crops vegetable, fruit and bulb trees. There is scope for expanding land under forests. The produce from the forests has been estimated as 3,5 million m3 of wood and 500 million trees of bamboo and neohouzeaua.

Bắc Giang occupies an area of 3,827.45 square kilometres (1,477.79 sq mi),[8] which is 1.2% of the area of the whole country. According to statistics from 2000, 32.4% of the land is used for agriculture, while 28.9% is used for forestry, industry or is otherwise uncleared. The remainder comprises mountains, unexploited waterways and land used for miscellaneous purposes.

The province is 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Hanoi and has a good network of roads such as the National Highways No. 1A, 31 and 279. It has railway lines from Bac Giang to Hanoi, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen and mineral areas in Quang Ninh by train.[4]

The terrain is moderately mountainous, lying between the high mountains to the north and the Red River Delta to the south. Although a large part of the terrain is mountainous most of it is not isolated. The region to the northern end of the province is mountainous uncleared forest. To the east and southeast of the province is Đông Triều and the Mount Yên Tử, located with the Yên Tử Nature Reserve. The elevation of the province is mostly in the 300–900 metres (980–3,000 ft) range, with a maximum of 1,068 metres (3,504 ft) (Mount Yên Tử).[9] To the northeastern end of the province, along the border with Quảng Ninh there is the Khe Rỗ forest, spanning 71.53 km2, with a rich biodiversity.

Cau River in Viet Yen district

Bắc Giang has a total of 347 km of rivers and springs, the three most prominent being Lục Nam River, Thương River and the Cầu River.[8] Apart from waterways, Bắc Giang has many lakes, including Cấm Sơn Lake and Khuôn Thần Lake; the area covered by ponds, lakes and lagoons is 16,300 hectares (40,000 acres).[10] Cấm Sơn Lake lies in Luc Nagan district of the province in the area bordering the province of Lạng Sơn. It is30 kilometres (19 mi) long and has a width varying from 200 metres (660 ft) up to7 kilometres (4.3 mi). It has an area of 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi), but this can increase to 30 kilometres (19 mi) during monsoonal flooding. Khuôn Thần Lake has an area of2.4 square kilometres (0.93 sq mi) and the centre of the lake has five small hilly islands surrounded by 20-year-old pine forests. Pedalboating and motorboating are permitted on the lake. Ethnic minority hamlets are located on the shores of the lake. Apprroach route to the lake is from Bac Ninh - 31 kilometres (19 mi)), then to Bac Giang - 51 kilometres (32 mi)), further to the Hoa River-98 kilometres (61 mi) and finally arrive at the Cam Son Lake.[3][4][7][8] The highest flow in the Thuong River is reported to be 64.4 m3/s and lowest flow is 12.9 m3/s.[11]

Climate

The province has the dominant charechteristics of the tropical and temperate climate zone of the Northern Plain. The temperature, humidity and rainfall indexes clearly vary over months and seasons. The climate in the province has been discerned in two distinct seasons - the hot, rainy season from May to September and the cold, dry season from November to March. The average temperature varies between 22–23 °C (72–73 °F); the Maximum Temperatures recorded was 41 °C (106 °F) while the lowest temperature was 13 °C (55 °F). Humidity values are in the range of 73% to 87%. The average rainfall is reported to be 1,953 millimetres (76.9 in). The annual Sun shine hours of 1,500 to 1,700 hours is good to grow tropical and subtropical trees. The average wind velocity is 2.1 metres (6.9 ft)/s and average atmosphere pressure 757.71 mmHg. Since the province is located away from the South China Sea (East Sea), the incidence of hurricanes and storms is rare though Whirlwind and hail storm are a localised phenomenon in a few mountainous districts.[3][7][11]

Minerals

Bac Giang had 63 registered mines in 2005 involved in mining 15 types of minerals such as coal, metal, industrial minerals, building materials. Important mines are the coal mines in Yen The, Luc Ngan and Son Dong districts, which have coal reserves of about 114 million tonnes (including anthracite, lean-coal, peat-coal); Dong Ri mine has 107.3 million tonnes that has potential for a large scale industrial development. Iron ore reserves (0,5 million tnnes) have been found in the Yen The district. Bronze ore reserves (100,000 tonnes) has been found in Luc Ngan and Son Dong districts. 3 million tons of Kaolin reserves estimated at 3 million tonnes has been located in Yen Dung. Large reserves of clay (360 million m3) is concentrated in Viet Yen, Lang Giang, Luc Nam, Yen The and Hiep Hoa districts, about 100 m3 are used to make fire-bricks. Gravel and conglomerates are in Hiep Hoa and Luc Nam districts.[7]

Avifauna

A joint survey of the multi-taxa inventory conducted in the Back Giang Province by the Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History, New York (CBC-AMNH) and the Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi (IEBR) has recorded 146 species of birds, including 61 species from Khau Ria and Mt Pu Tha Ca and 105 species from Mt Tay Con Linh. New species recorded were “the Beautiful Nuthatch Sitta formosa (Vulnerable), Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouillea danjoui (Near Threatened), the first record for Vietnam of Yellow-vented Warbler Phylloscopus cantator, and 16 additional species previously unrecorded in East Tonkin. The results indicate that the montane regions of northern Vietnam east of the Red River remain under-surveyed.”[12]

[edit] Demographics

According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Bắc Giang province as on 2008 was 1,628,400 with a density of 425 persons per km2 over a total land area of 3,827.45 square kilometres (1,477.79 sq mi) of the province.[13] The male population during this period was 790,300[14] with females accounting for 838,100.[15] The rural population was 1,473,000 against an urban population of 153,400.[16][17]

According to the census of April 1, 2009, the population was 1,555,720 with a density of 407 people/km², 1.7 times the national average. There are 26 ethnic groups in the province, of these ethnic Vietnamese comprised 88.1%, followed by Nung people with 4.5%, Tay people with 2.6%; San Chay people and San Diu people, both with 1.6%, Hoa people 1.2% and Dao people 0.5%.

[edit] Administration

Administrative units comprise one city municipality, nine rural districts, seven precincts, 16 town districts and 207 communes.[18] The provincial districts and towns in the province are Son Dong, Luc Ngan, Luc Nam, Yen The, Lang Giang, Yen Dung, Viet Yen, Tan Yen and Hiep Hoa.[3] "Bac Giang Introduction". Savdee. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BvvEv9phz3gJ:vietnam.sawadee.com/bacgiang/index.htm+Bac+Giang&cd=19&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. </ref>

Name Division type Population (2003) Area (km²) Towns (huyện lỵ or thị trấn) (bold)
and communes (xã)
Bắc Giang City (thành phố) 126,810 32.21 Wards (phường): Trần Phú, Ngô Quyền, Lê Lợi, Hoàng Văn Thụ, Mỹ Độ, Trần Nguyên Hãn, Thọ Xương. Communes: Dĩnh Kế, Xương Giang, Đa Mai, Song Mai.
Hiệp Hoà District District (huyện) 210,980[19] 201[19] Thắng, Bắc Lý, Châu Minh, Đại Thành, Danh Thắng, Đoan Bái, Đông Lỗ, Đồng Tân, Đức Thắng, Hòa Sơn, Hoàng An, Hoàng Lương, Hoàng Thanh, Hoàng Vân, Hợp Thịnh, Hùng Sơn, Hương Lâm, Lương Phong, Mai Đình, Mai Trung, Ngọc Sơn, Quang Minh, Thái Sơn, Thanh Vân, Thường Thắng, Xuân Cẩm.
Lạng Giang District District (huyện) 184,956[19] 246[19] Kép, Dĩnh Tri, Thái Đào, Đại Lâm, Tân Dĩnh, Xương Lâm, Tân Hưng, Hương Sơn, Xuân Hương, Mỹ Thái, Phi Mô, Tân Thanh, Mỹ Hà, Tiên Lục, Đào Mỹ, An Hà, Tân Thịnh, Hương Lạc, Nghĩa Hưng, Nghĩa Hòa, Quang Thịnh, Dương Đức, Yên Mỹ.
Lục Nam District District (huyện) 202,886[19] 597[19] Đồi Ngô and Lục Nam (capital) , Lục Sơn, Bình Sơn, Trường Sơn, Vô Tranh, Trường Giang, Nghĩa Phương, Huyền Sơn, Bắc Lũng, Cẩm Lý, Vũ Xá, Đan Hội, Yên Sơn, Lan Mẫu, Phương Sơn, Thanh Lâm, Chu Điện, Bảo Đài, Bảo Sơn, Tam Dị, Đông Phú, Đông Hưng, Tiên Nha, Khám Lạng.
Lục Ngạn District District (huyện) 195,989[19] 1012[19] Chũ, Cấm Sơn, Tân Sơn, Phong Vân, Sa Lý, Phong Minh, Sơn Hải, Hộ Đáp, Trung tâm huấn luyện Cấm Sơn, Kim Sơn, Biên Sơn, Kiên Lao, Thanh Hai, Kiên Thành, Giáp Sơn, Tân Hoà, Biển Động, Tân Hoa, Tân Quang, Hồng Giang, Trù Hựu, Quý Sơn, Phượng Sơn, Mỹ An, Tân Mộc, Đèo Gia, Phỉ Điền, Đồng Cốc, Phú Nhuận, Nghĩa Hò, Tân Quang, Tân Lập and Nam Dương.
Sơn Động District District (huyện) 70,629 [19] 844[19] An Châu (the capital), Thanh Sơn, Hữu Sản, An Lạc, Vân Sơn, Lệ Viễn, Vĩnh Khương, An Lập, Dương Hưu, Long Sơn, An Châu, An Bá, Yên Định, Tuấn Đạo, Bồng Am, Thanh Luận, Cẩm Đàn, Giáo Liêm, Chiên Sơn, Quế Sơn, Phúc Thắng, Thạch Sơn, Tuấn Mậu.
Tân Yên District District (huyện) 161,835[19] 203.7[19] Cao Thượng (capital), Nhã Nam, Quế Nham, Việt Lập, Liên Chung, Cao Xá, Ngọc Lý, Ngọc Thiện, Ngọc Châu, Ngọc Vân, Hợp Đức, Phúc Hòa, Tân Trung, An Dương, Lan Giới, Nhã Nam, Đại Hóa, Quang Tiến, Phúc Sơn, Lam Cốt, Việt Ngọc, Song Vân, Liên Sơn
Việt Yên District District (huyện) – – Bích Động (capital), Nếnh, Quang Châu, Ninh Sơn, Tiên Sơn, Trung Hà, Bich Sơn, Nghĩa Trung, Hồng Thái, Tăng Tiến, Quảng Minh, Vân Hà, Vân Trung, Việt Tiến, Thượng Lan, Minh Đức, Tự Lan, Hương Mai, Hoàng Ninh.
Yên Dũng District District (huyện) 162,497 [19] 213 [19] Neo (capital), Tân Dân, Đồng Phúc, Đồng Việt, Tư Mại,

Đức Giang, Tiến Dũng, Cảnh Thụy, Lãng Sơn, Trí Yên, Lão Hộ, Tân An, Xuân Phú, Tân Tiến, Tân Liễu, Tiền Phong, Yên Lư, Hương Gián, Quỳnh Sơn, Tân Mỹ, Song Khê, Nội Hoàng, Đồng Sơn, Nham Sơn, Thắng Cương
Yên Thế District District (huyện) 91,934[19] 301[19] Cầu Gồ, Bố Hạ (capital), Đồng Vương, Canh Nậu, Đồng Kỳ, Bố Hạ, Hương Vĩ, Đông Sơn, Xuân Lương, Tam Tiến, Tiến Thắng, Tân Hiệp, Tam Hiệp, An Thượng, Phồn Xương, Đồng Lạc, Hồng Kỳ, Đồng Hưu, Tân Sỏi, Đồng Tiến, Đồng Tâm.

[edit] Economy

Bắc Giang’s land area is primarily dedicated to agriculture. Increasingly, the province is becoming known as a producer of fruit, particularly pineapples and lychees. Around a quarter of Bắc Giang's land area is devoted to forestry. Located 50 km50 kilometres (31 mi) from Hanoi, the province is within economic development zones of the Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh Economic Corridor and the Nam Ninh - Lang Son - Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. Before the province was formulated in 1997 and industrial development of the region was initiated, the GDP of the province was only US$ 170 with Agro-Forestry accounting for 55% and Industry hardly contributed. It was a poor economy with 90% of agricultural workers remaining below the poverty line. However, during the period 1997-2008, the province having launched several industrial projects in all its districts, 410 projects were launched with investment of US$ 23.174 billion that included 74 'Foreign Direct Investment' projects worth US$ 432.9 million. As a result, several economic farming models were introduced, which resulted in 'Rural Economic Development', social consumer retail sales, and services got a boost, the poverty rate (2005 level) reduced to 17.78%, and textiles and garment exports accounted to bout US$130 million which was 76% of export turnover of the province. Infrastructure facilities such as National Highways and rural roads were substantially expanded, towns were better planned and beautified. Industrial parks, urban Areas-service and high-tech parks are being added. Key Industries like fertilizer, high technology, engineering, building materials, assembling Automobiles, agricultural processing, Forestry products, Textiles and Electric power generation are planned with the objective of achieving a GDP growth rate of 11-12% by 2020.[20] The province has the Bac Giang Department of Industry and Trade established in 2008 by the Bac Giang People’s Committee, which unifies the Department of Industry and the Department of Trade and Tourism; this testifies to the importance given to promote industrial development of the province.[21]

Some of the economic indicators in respect of farming, agriculture and industrial production are the following.

As against the national figure of 7592 of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery cooperatives there are only agriculture cooperatives in the province.[22] [23] There are 1786 farms as against the national number of 120699.[24] The output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 3,491.7 billion đồngs against the national figure of 156,681.9 billion đồngs.[25] The province produced 569,400 tonnes of cereals as against the national production of 43.26 million tones [26] The per capita production of cereals in the district was 349.7 kilograms (771 lb) as against the national figure of 501.8 kilograms (1,106 lb) in 2007.[27] In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 3,868.3 billion đồngs of the national output of 1.47 million billion đồngs.[28]

Thac Huong irrigation scheme

The Thac Huong Irrigation Scheme, in the Yen The district, adjacent to Thai Nguyen province and to the west of Hanoi, was implemented in early 20th century by then French Government in Vietnam. Construction of the irrigation scheme for utilization of the Cau River was started in 1922 and operationalised in 1936. The irrigation system was built on the left bank of the river and envisaged irrigation to a total command area of 57,325 hectares (141,650 acres). Net irrigation provided was to an area of 28,500 hectares (70,000 acres) in four districts of Phu Binh (Thai Nguyen province), Viet Yen, Tan Yen, Hiep Hoa (in Bac Giang Province). In addition, drinking water supply was also built in to the system. Navigation also was part of its beneficial uses as a transport route for shipment of rice and salt from Hai Phong to Thai Nguyen. The scheme, as built, has a concrete dam of 6.7 metres (22 ft) height and100 metres (330 ft) length, known as the Thac Huong dam across the Cau River. A Head regulator on the canal is 36 metres (118 ft) in width and 6.5 metres (21 ft) in height. 10 branch canal intakes were provided, each with a capacity of 25m3/s. However, the energy dissipation arrangements of the dam have been damaged, several times since it was built, by floods and bombing raids. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) funded the rehabilitation project in 2000. Though restored after 1955, the project is facing water shortages and is unable to meet the demands for irrigation due to building of many projects in the upstream reaches of the river, over utilisation by industries and poor maintenance. Transbasin diversions have been implemented along with pumping from other streams to meet the water demands for irrigation and other uses of drinking water and industries.[29]

[edit] Lychee

Lychee Tree - a dominat commercial fruit tree in Bac Giang Province

Lychee (also spelt Litchi) fruit tree, an important fruit variety of Vietnam considered a precious fruit since generations of Vietnamese kings of the Mai Dynasty, is a dominant fruit crop of the Bac Giang Province. It is grown in an area of 20,275 hectares (50,100 acres) in this province, out of a total area of 35,352 hectares (87,360 acres) in the country and the production is reported to be 20,248 tonnes. This variety originated from Hai Duong Province (Thanh Ha district) and is commercially cultivated in Luc Ngan, Luc Nam and Yen The districts of Bac Giang Province, apart from other provinces in the country. According to the Research Institute of Fruits and Vegetables (RIFAV), 33 accessions have been identified as 33 cultivars of lychee grown in different locations in home gardens and consolidated farms.[30]

[edit] Visitor attractions

Bac Giang has many locations of interest to visitors. It has several monuments such as Khe Ro Primitive Forest, Xuong Giang Ancient Citadel, Cam Son Lake, Duc La Pagoda and Tho Ha Communal House. The Kinh Bac people hold an annual cultural festival and in the spring, the ethnic groups of the province also hold a colourful festival.[3][4]

Khe Ro Primitive forest

Khe Ro Primitive Forest, a virgin primitive forest is located in An Lac Commune in the Son Dong District of the province. It is a protected forest covering an area of7,153 hectares (17,680 acres). The forest has rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. 236 species of trees, 255 tubers of valuable medical plants, 37 mammals, 73 species of birds and 18 species of reptiles (7 are considered rare and valuable) have been recorded in the forest. Many streams flow through the forest area.[4]

Duc La Pagoda

Duc La Pagoda, located in Tri Yen Commune, Yen Dung District of the province was built in the 12th century and is well preserved. It was then the centre of the "Truc Lam Trinity" (King Tran Nhan Tong, Phap Loa and Huyen Quang monks) who established a school of Buddhist preaching and started the Truc Lam religious sect. The pagoda is set in the backdrop of the Co Tien Mountain range at the Phuong Nhon confluence. The pagoda is surrounded by an expanse of rice-fields, amidst villages and hamlets around green bamboo groves. The "99 Nham Bien Mountain range" is seen at a distance. The pagoda is built on a south-west axis and has four principal zones. The first zone has the Pagodas of Ho, Thieu Huong and Buddhists, and is deified with many images. There are two Thap Dien niches where very large statues of Thien Wong, Dia Tang and Long Than are installed. The Thien Huong Palace, adjacent to this, is an exquisite structure, which has three horizontal panels and a gilded door. The first chamber of Buddha is the architectural legacy of the Le Dynasty. The second zone is separated from the first zone by a brick yard. Within this zone is a simple building built with wooden planks and decorated with natural scenes of sky and clouds. It is the first ancestral shrine, and a panel here has the inscription "Truc Lam ho thuong" (A rendezvous of the Truc Lam Trinity) in Chinese characters. This inscription is engraved above the three statues of the Truc Lam Trinity. The third zone has the two-roofed bell tower. The fourth zone is another ancestral shrine with two statues made in the architectural style of the Nguyen Dynasty. The Duc La Pagoda is also an important training centre of Buddhism. The pagoda also has wooden printing blocks of Buddhist sutras.[4]

Tho Ha Communal House

The Tho Ha Communal House is located in Tho Ha Village in Viet Yen District of the province. It is an ancient communal house built during the rule of King Le Hy Tong. It is set amidst many old trees. It was Built in the form of the Chinese character cong and it is known as "the praise-giving house." It is built over a raised ground and is 27 metres (89 ft) long and 16 metres (52 ft) wide and approached from all sides by three grey stone steps. The roofs of the Communal House has an ancient crescent-shaped tiled roof that curves up like a scimitar sword blade. At the four corners, decorated with purple-burned glazed terra-cotta creatures of lion cubs are depicted. It has 22 levels engraved with dragons, clouds, and lion cubs. The communal house has 7 rooms built on 48 ironwood pillars. The roof frame is decorated with engravings of "ladies in long dresses wearing their hair in buns or turbans, riding phoenixes and dragons or dancing over the floating clouds". Polished blue stones decorate the floor of the house. It has a wooden entrance engraved and painted in gold which gives it an ancient ambience. There is also an inscription on a stone, which says that the Tho Ha Communal House was built out of contributions made by Tho Ha villagers.[4]

ATK2

ATK is an abbreviation of 'An Toan Khu,' which means "safe zone". It was primarily built by the Vietcong guerrillas during the war, in the period 1965-1972, against the Americans. This zone consists of a network of underground tunnels as defense works against any army attacks by bombs and guns. This has now been developed as a historical monument.[3]

Other sights

Other sights of interest in the province are: The Museum dedicated to Hoàng Hoa Thám and Đồn Phồn Xương in Yên Thế District ;the Dinh Hương Tomb at Hiệp Hòa, burial place of La Quý Hầu, a Le Dynasty noble and army officer; the historical region of Suối Mỡ and Đền Suối Mỡ in Lục Nam District; the Đức La Temple in Yên Dũng; the ancient fort of Xương Giang; and the Cây Dã tree, believed to be more than 1000 years old, located in Tiên Lục commune, Lạng Giang district. Eight people are required to hold hands to span this tree's circumference.

[edit] Gallery

  • Bắc Giang

  • Bắc Giang

  • Bắc Giang

  • Bắc Giang

  • Bắc Giang

  • Highway in Bắc Giang Province

  • Viet Yen

  • Viet Yen

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Population and population density in 2008 by province". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8653. Retrieved September 5, 2010. 
  2. ^ a b "Giới thiệu sách: Địa chí Thành phố Bắc Giang" (in Vietnamese). Vanhoabacgiang. http://www.vanhoabacgiang.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=212:gii-thiu-sach-a-chi-thanh-ph-bc-giang&catid=58:gioithieu-sachbacgiang&Itemid=91. Retrieved 2010-08-25. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Bac Giang Introduction". Savdee. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BvvEv9phz3gJ:vietnam.sawadee.com/bacgiang/index.htm+Bac+Giang&cd=19&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Bac Giang Province". Indo China Cycling. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:1v25fyCfltEJ:www.indocycling.com/destination/view/28+Bac+Giang+Province+Flora+and+fauna&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  5. ^ "Bắc Giang" (in Vietnamese). Tangthuphathoc. http://www.tangthuphathoc.com/mevaquehuong/qhvn/13.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-25. 
  6. ^ Quang Thưởng Lê (2004) (in Vietnamese). Sách tra cứu các mục từ vè̂ tỏ̂ chức. Nhà xuá̂t bản Chính trị quó̂c gia. 
  7. ^ a b c d "Bac Giang Province: Minerals". Bac Giang Industrial Zones Authority. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:VjFFQjgQ86kJ:bacgiang-iza.gov.vn/en/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D123:natural-condition%26catid%3D25:natural-condition%26Itemid%3D89+Bac+Giang+Province+Minerals&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  8. ^ a b c "Bag Giang Province". VN Tours. http://www.vn-tours.com/guide/bac-giang-province.asp. Retrieved 2010-08-25. 
  9. ^ "Yen Tu Nature Reserve". Bird Life in Indo China. http://birdlifeindochina.org/birdlife/source_book/pdf/2%20north%20east/Yen%20Tu.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-25. 
  10. ^ "Bac Giang: Government Information". Local Government. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:K5cKSHdFNOUJ:www.asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn/Localgovernment/Local.aspx%3FProvinceId%3D22%26Langid%3D2%26MenuID%3D8%26Type%3D1+Bac+Giang+Province+water+resources&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  11. ^ a b "Upgrade and Expansion Project of Habac Nitrogenous Fertilizer Plant of HANICHEMCO". Vietnam National Chemical Group. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:1JC4eMMdeG0J:www.vinachem.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Projects/Projects-Deploying/Upgrade_and_Expansion_Project_of_Habac_Nitrogenous_Fertilizer_Plant_of_HANICHEMCO/+Bac+Giang+Province+Flora+and+fauna&cd=39&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  12. ^ "Ornithological records from Ha Giang province, north-east Vietnam, during March–June 2000" (pdf). Oriental Bird Club. pp. 22–25. http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/19pdfs/Vogel-Vietnam.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-30. 
  13. ^ "Population and population density in 2008 by province". General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8653. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  14. ^ "Population and Employment: Average male population by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8650. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  15. ^ "Average female population by province". General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8649. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  16. ^ "Average urban population by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8648. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  17. ^ "Average urbanpopulation by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8647. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  18. ^ "Number of administrative units as of 31 December 2008 by province". General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=466&idmid=3&ItemID=8601. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Districts of Vietnam". Statoids. http://www.statoids.com/yvn.html. Retrieved June 20, 2010. 
  20. ^ Bac Giang province 12 years after re-Establishment "Bac Giang Deaprtment of Planning and Investment". http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=vi&u=http://www.bacgiangdpi.gov.vn/&ei=FlB6TInRK9P0cOim5ZgG&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CEMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBac%2BGiang%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Bac Giang province 12 years after re-Establishment. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  21. ^ "Bac Giang Department of Industry and Trade tasks and powers". Bac Giang Department of Industry and Trade. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:wdEncsszybIJ:www.bacgiangintrade.gov.vn/so-cong-thuong-Bac-Giang.gplist.244.gpopen.1117.gpside.2.gpnewtitle.bac-giang-department-of-industry-and-trade-tasks-and-powers.asmx+Bac+Giang+Province+Minerals&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  22. ^ "Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Number of cooperatives by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8895. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  23. ^ "Number of cooperatives in 2008 by kind of activity and by province: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8894. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  24. ^ "Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Number of farms by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8893. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  25. ^ "Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Output value of agriculture at constant 1994 prices". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8889. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  26. ^ "Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Production of cereals by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8883. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  27. ^ "Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Production of cereals per capita by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8882. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  28. ^ "Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Production of cereals per capita by province". Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=470&idmid=3&ItemID=8970. Retrieved 2010-06-23. 
  29. ^ "Irrigation Management Company of Bac Giang: Water Rights and Water Allocation in Irrigation Scheme of Cau River – Bac Giang" (pdf). Bac Giang Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. http://www.adb.org/water/NARBO/2005/Thematic-Workshop/report-Bac-Giang.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 
  30. ^ "Lychee Production in Vietnam". FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e0d.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-29. 

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