Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
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| Charles VII Albert | |
| Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of Bavaria | |
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| Charles VII Albert | |
| Reign | 1726–1745 (Bavaria) 1742–1745 (Holy Roman Empire) |
| Born | August 6, 1697 |
| Birthplace | Brussels |
| Died | January 20, 1745 (aged 47) |
| Place of death | Munich |
| Predecessor | Maximilian II Emanuel (Bavaria) Charles VI (Holy Roman Empire) |
| Successor | Maximilian III Joseph (Bavaria) Francis I (Holy Roman Empire) |
| Consort | Marie Amalie of Austria |
| Offspring | Maximilian III Joseph |
| Royal House | House of Wittelsbach |
| Father | Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria |
| Mother | Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska |
Emperor Charles VII Albert (Brussels August 6, 1697 – January 20, 1745 in Munich), a member of the Wittelsbach family, was Prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from January 24, 1742 until his death in 1745.
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[edit] Early life and career
He was the son of Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria and Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska, and the grandson of Polish King John III Sobieski.
His family was split during the War of the Spanish Succession and was for many years under house arrest in Austria. Only in 1715 did the family become re-united. From 3 December 1715 until 24 August 1716 Charles visited Italy and in 1717 he joined the war of the Habsburgs against the Turks with Bavarian auxiliaries. On 5 October 1722, Charles married Marie Amalie, Archduchess of Austria. Marie Amalie was a daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Her maternal grandfather was John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1725 Charles Albert visited Versailles for the wedding of Louis XV and established a firm contact to France.
In 1726 when his father died Charles Albert became Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire and Duke of Bavaria. He managed to maintain good relations with his Habsburg relatives but also with France.
[edit] Emperor
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In continuance of the policy of his father Charles Albert aspired to an even higher rank. As son-in-law of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles Albert rejected the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and claimed the German territories of the Habsburg dynasty after the death of Charles VI in 1740. With the treaty of Nymphenburg concluded in July 1741, Charles Albert allied with France and Spain against Austria.
During the War of the Austrian Succession Charles Albert invaded Upper Austria in 1741 and planned to conquer Vienna but his allied French troops were redirected to Bohemia instead. So Charles Albert was crowned King of Bohemia in Prague (9 December 1741) when the Habsburgs were still not defeated. He was elected 'King of the Romans' on 24 January 1742, and took the title 'Holy Roman Emperor' upon his coronation on 12 February 1742. His brother Klemens August of Bavaria, archbishop and elector (Kurfürst) of Cologne, who mostly sided with the Austria Habsburg-Lorraine side during the Habsburg successions, cast his vote for him and personally crowned him emperor at Frankfurt. Charles VII was the second Wittelsbach Emperor after Louis IV and the first Wittelsbach King of the Romans since the rule of Rupert of Germany.
Shortly after the coronation most of Charles Albert's territories were overrun by the Austrians and Bavaria was occupied by the troops of Maria Theresa. Therefore the emperor resided for almost three years in the Palais Barckhaus in Frankfurt.
The new commander of the Bavarian army, Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff fought Austria by a series of battles in 1743 and 1744. The new alliance with Frederick II of Prussia during the Second Silesian War finally forced the Austrian army to leave Bavaria and to retreat back into Bohemia. In October 1744 Charles VII reobtained Munich. Very gouty, he returned, only to die three months later. His brother Klemens August then again leaned toward Austria and also his son and successor Maximilian III Joseph made peace with Austria. With the Treaty of Füssen Austria recognized the legitimacy of Charles VII's election as Holy Roman Emperor.
Charles Albert is buried in the crypt of the Theatinerkirche in Munich.
[edit] Cultural legacy
Charles Albert's reign was the peak of the era of Bavarian rococo. François de Cuvilliés was appointed chief architect of the court and constructed also the Amalienburg. For the Munich Residence Charles Albert ordered to erect the Ancestral Gallery and the Ornate Rooms.
Among the most gifted Bavarian artists of his time, were Johann Michael Fischer, Cosmas Damian Asam and Egid Quirin Asam, Johann Michael Feuchtmayer, Matthäus Günther, Johann Baptist Straub and Johann Baptist Zimmermann.
 Thaler coin of Charles VII Albert, 1743 |
 Hall of Mirrors (Amalienburg) |
[edit] Ancestors
| Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor | Father: Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria |
Father's father: Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria |
Father's father's father: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria |
| Father's father's mother: Maria Anna of Austria |
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| Father's mother: Henriette Adelaide of Savoy |
Father's mother's father: Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy |
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| Father's mother's mother: Christine Marie of France |
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| Mother: Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska |
Mother's father: John III Sobieski |
Mother's father's father: Jakub Sobieski |
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| Mother's father's mother: Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz |
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| Mother's mother: Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien |
Mother's mother's father: Henri Albert de La Grange d'Arquien |
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| Mother's mother's mother: Francis de la Châtre |
[edit] Children
He and his wife Marie Amalie, Archduchess of Austria were parents of seven children:
- Maximiliane, Princess of Bavaria (1723). Believed to have died young.
- Maria Antonia, Princess of Bavaria (July 18, 1724 - April 23, 1780). Married Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony.
- Therese Benedikta, Princess of Bavaria (December 6, 1725 - March 29, 1743).
- Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria (March 28, 1727 - December 30, 1777).
- Joseph Ludvig Leo, Prince of Bavaria (August 25, 1728 - December 2, 1733).
- Maria Anna, Princess of Bavaria (August 7, 1734 - May 7, 1776). Married Ludwig Georg Simpert, Margrave of Baden-Baden.
- Maria Josepha, Princess of Bavaria (March 30, 1739 - May 28, 1767). Married Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor.
[edit] See also
- Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.
- War of the Austrian Succession
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Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Born: 6 August 1697 Died: 20 January 1745 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Maximilian II Emanuel |
Elector of Bavaria 1726-1745 |
Succeeded by Maximilian III Joseph |
| Preceded by Charles VI |
King of Bohemia 1741-1743 |
Succeeded by Maria Theresa |
| Preceded by Charles VI |
Holy Roman Emperor (elect) King in Germany (formally King of the Romans) 1742-1745 |
Succeeded by Francis I |
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