China–Netherlands relations

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People's Republic of China relations–Netherlands relations
Map indicating locations of China and Netherlands

China
Netherlands

People's Republic of China – Netherlands relations officially began in November 1954.[1] In May 1972, diplomatic mission was increased to ambassadorial level.[1]

History

Sino-Dutch relations began prior to the founding of the People's Republic of China in the 17th and 18th century when Dutch traders of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) setup trading post in Guangzhou and also in the western coast of Taiwan.[2] In the Sino–Dutch conflicts Ming dynasty China defeated the Dutch East India Company in a war over the Penghu islands from 1622-1624. The Ming dynasty forces under Zheng Zhilong defeated the Dutch again at the Battle of Liaoluo Bay in 1633, and Ming loyalists under Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) defeated the Dutch and expelled them from Taiwan in the 1662 Siege of Fort Zeelandia.

People's Republic of China–Netherlands began in 1954.[3] Due to the Netherlands government assistance with two submarines to Taiwan, the bilateral relationship was downgraded in May 1981 to the level of Chargé d'affaires.[1] It was until 1 February 1984, China and the Netherlands restored full diplomatic relations when the Netherlands agreed not to conduct trade in relation to defence hardware with Taiwan.[1]

Netherlands export to China includes petrochemicals, machinery, transport equipment, food, high technology and fossil fuels.[4] China's export to the Netherlands includes computer and consumer electronics, toys and clothes.[4][5][6]

In March 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping made the first state visit of China to the Netherlands in history.[7]

Bilateral relations

Bilateral trade between the two countries have increased over the years. The Netherlands are China’s third largest trade partner in the EU. The trade volume jumped last year has increased by 44.3 percent.[8] This is 4.6 billion euro in 2009.[4] China exported $36.7 billions to the Netherlands in 2009.[9]

Dutch enterprises have invested US$7.48 billion into 824 projects in China.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d China and the Netherlands
  2. ^ Author Yong Liu, (2007), The Dutch East India Company's tea trade with China, 1757–1781, Volume 6 of TANAP monographs on the history of the Asian-European interaction, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-15599-6, ISBN 978-90-04-15599-2, 277 pages, 17–89, 91–117
  3. ^ http://www.country-studies.com/china/relations-with-europe.html
  4. ^ a b c http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/internationale-handel/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2010/2010-3101-wm.htm
  5. ^ http://www.tinbergen.nl/discussionpapers/08016.pdf
  6. ^ http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/internationale-handel/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2008/2008-2549-wm.htm
  7. ^ "Historisch bezoek Xi aan Nederland". NOS (in Dutch). 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  8. ^ a b 1 Jul 2009, Background Information about the People's Republic of China
  9. ^ http://www.uschina.org/statistics/tradetable.html

External links

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