Cypriot Turkish

Cypriot Turkish
Kıbrıs Türkçesi
Native to	Northern Cyprus, Cyprus
Native speakers	177,000  (1995)
Language family	Turkic Southwestern Turkic (Oghuz) Western Oghuz Turkish Cypriot Turkish
Writing system	Latin (Turkish alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

Cypriot Turkish, known locally as Kıbrıs Türkçesi, is a dialect of the Turkish language spoken by Turkish Cypriots both in Cyprus and among its diaspora.

History

Emanating from Anatolia and evolved for four centuries, Cypriot Turkish is the vernacular spoken by Cypriots with Ottoman ancestry, as well as by Cypriots who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule. It is understood by expatriate Cypriots living in the UK, United States, Australia and other parts of the world.

Cypriot Turkish consists of a blend of Ottoman Turkish and the Yörük dialect spoken to this day in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. In addition it has absorbed influences from Greek, Italian and English.

Sounds

Differences between standard Turkish and Cypriot Turkish

Cypriot Turkish is distinguished by a number of sound alternations not found in standard Turkish, but some of which are also quite common in other Turkish vernaculars:

• Voicing of some unvoiced stops
  • t↔d, k↔g

Standard Turkish kurt ↔ Cypriot Turkish gurt "worm"

Standard Turkish taş ↔ Cypriot Turkish daş "stone"

• Preservation of earlier Turkic *ŋ

Standard Turkish son ↔ Cypriot Turkish soŋ "end, last"

Standard Turkish bin ↔ Cypriot Turkish biŋ "thousand"

• Changing 1st person plural suffix
  • z↔k

Standard Turkish isteriz ↔ Cypriot Turkish isterik "we want"

• Unvoicing of some voiced stops
  • b↔p

Standard Turkish Kıbrıs ↔ Cypriot Turkish Gıprıs "Cyprus"

• Lenition of final affricates
  • ç ([tʃ]) ↔ ş ([ʃ])

Standard Turkish hiç ↔ Cypriot Turkish hiş "no, none"

The last two alternations are more specific to Cypriot Turkish.

Consonants

Consonant phonemes

	Labial		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Glottal
Plosive	p	b	t̪	d̪			k	ɡ	q	ɢ
Affricate					tʃ	dʒ
Fricative	f	v	s̟	z̟	ʃ		x	ɣ			h
Nasal	m		n				ŋ
Flap/Tap			r
Lateral			l
Approximant					j

Vowels

	front		central		back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
high	i	y (ü)			ɯ (ı)	u
mid	e (ẹ)	œ (ö)				o
low	æ (e)		ɑ̟

Grammar

Cypriot Turkish is structured as VO language as opposed to standard Turkish which is OV language. It is very typical in forming a question.

• Standard Turkish "Okula gidecek misin?" is, in Cypriot Turkish, "Gideceŋ okula?" (Will you go to school?)

Cypriot Turkish also lacks the question suffix of "mi".

• Standard Turkish "Annen evde mi?" is, in Cypriot Turkish, "Anneŋ evdedir?" (Is your mother at home?)

In Cypriot Turkish, the reflexive pronoun in third person is different, namely genni (him, himself, them, themself). In Standard Turkish, kendisini.

Semantics

Typical question sentences most of the time do not qualify as a standard Turkish question. See the example above. This is due to the fact that question suffixes are most of the time dropped by native Turkish Cypriots.

Another subtle difference is the emphasis on verbs.

See also

• Turkish language
• Cypriot Greek
• Cypriot Maronite Arabic

References

• Erdoğan Saracoğlu (1992). Kıbrıs Ağzı: Sesbilgisi Özellikleri, Metin Derlemeleri, Sözlük. K.K.T.C. Millî Eğitim ve Kültür Bakanlığı. ISBN 975-17-1015-4. 
• Yıltan Taşçı (1986). Kıbrıs Ağzı Dil Özellikleri. Lefkoşa: Akar Yayıncılık. 

External links

• List of Cypriot Turkish Vocabulary (in Turkish)
• Turkish Cypriot Idioms Search Engine