Elephantopus
| Elephantopus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Elephantopus scaber in India | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Cichorioideae |
| Tribe: | Vernonieae |
| Genus: | Elephantopus L. |
| Type species | |
| Elephantopus scaber | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae).[3][4][5]
The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas.[2] Several species are native to the southeastern United States,[6][7] and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.[8][9][10]
Uses
Elephantopus scaber is a traditional medicine[11] and other species, including E. mollis[12] and E. carolinianus,[13] have also been investigated for medicinal properties. Elephantopus scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.[14]
Species
- accepted species[2]
- Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm. - Angola
- Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba
- Elephantopus arenosus Krasch. - Brazil
- Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil
- Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.- southeastern + south-central United States; Cuba, Puerto Rico
- Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason - Costa Rica, Panama
- Elephantopus elatus Bertol. - southeastern United States
- Elephantopus elongatus Gardner- Brazil
- Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. - Brazil, Venezuela
- Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson - Angola
- Elephantopus micropappus Less.- Brazil
- Elephantopus mollis Kunth native to Latin America + West Indies; widely naturalized in tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, various islands
- Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild. - Angola, Zaire, Tanzania
- Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray - southeastern + south-central United States, east Texas to Maryland
- Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir. - Mexico
- Elephantopus palustris Gardner - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
- Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir - Brazil
- Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright - Cuba
- Elephantopus racemosus Gardner- Brazil
- Elephantopus riparius Gardner- Brazil
- Elephantopus scaber L.- China, India, southeast Asia, northern Australia; naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, Latin America
- Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern- tropical Africa
- Elephantopus tomentosus L. - southern United States
- Elephantopus vernonioides S. Moore - Africa
- Elephantopus virgatus Desv. ex Ham. - Guyana
- Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern - Africa
References
- ^ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: 43-56 in English
- ^ a b c Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 814 in Latin
- ^ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: plate IX line drawings of fruits of several species of Elephantopus and Pseudelephantopus (captions on page 56)
- ^ Clonts, J. A. 1972. A Revision of the Genus Elephantopus Including Orthopappus and Pseudelephantopus (Compositae). Ph.D. thesis. Mississippi State University.
- ^ "Elephantopus L." United States Department of Agriculture plants profile.
- ^ Flora of North America, Elephant’s foot, Elephantopus Linnaeus
- ^ Press, J.R.; Shrestha, K.K. & Sutton, D.A. "Elephantopus L." Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 368 地胆草属 di dan cao shu Elephantopus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
- ^ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - ^ Poli, A; Nicolau, M; Simoes, Cm; Nicolau, Rm; Zanin, M (August 1992). "Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I: in vivo studies". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 37 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90005-C. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 1453704.
- ^ Tabopda, Tk; Liu, J; Ngadjui, Bt; Luu, B (Apr 2007). "Cytotoxic triterpene and sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells". Planta Medica. 73 (4): 376–80. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967132. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 17366372.
- ^ Lee, Kh; Cowherd, Cm; Wolo, Mt (September 1975). "Antitumor agents. XV: Deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 64 (9): 1572–3. doi:10.1002/jps.2600640938. ISSN 0022-3549. PMID 1185584.
- ^ Rajkapoor B, Jayakar B, Anandan R (Jan–Feb 2002). "Antitumor activity of Elephantopus scaber linn against Dalton's ascitis lymphoma". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 64 (1): 71–3. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30.
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