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Chrysophyllum

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Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Subfamily: Chrysophylloideae
Genus: Chrysophyllum
L. (1753)[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Achrouteria Eyma (1936)
  • Cainito Plum. ex Adans. (1763), nom. superfl.
  • Chloroluma Baill. (1891)
  • Chlorophyllum Liais (1872), orth. var.
  • Cornuella Pierre (1891)
  • Cynodendron Baehni (1964)
  • Dactimala Raf. (1838)
  • Fibocentrum Pierre ex Glaziou (1910), opus utique oppr.
  • Gambeyobotrys Aubrév. (1972)
  • Guersentia Raf. (1838)
  • Martiusella Pierre (1891)
  • Nycterisition Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
  • Prieurella Pierre (1891)
  • Ragala Pierre (1891)
  • Villocuspis (A.DC.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1961)

Chrysophyllum is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[2][3]

The genus is native to the tropical Americas, from Mexico to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean.[1] One species, C. oliviforme, extends north to southern Florida.[4][1]

Description

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Chrysophyllum members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named.[5] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible. [citation needed][6][7]

Species

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Currently accepted species include:[1]

  1. Chrysophyllum acreanum - Brazil (Acre, Amazonas)
  2. Chrysophyllum albipilum - Peru (San Martín)
  3. Chrysophyllum amazonicum - Amazon Basin
  4. Chrysophyllum arenarium - E Brazil
  5. Chrysophyllum argenteum - West Indies, Central America, N South America
  6. Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum - Miranda
  7. Chrysophyllum bicolor - Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
  8. Chrysophyllum bombycinum - Loreto, Amazonas
  9. Chrysophyllum brenesii - Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
  10. Chrysophyllum cainito - Belize, Jamaica, Cayman Is
  11. Chrysophyllum colombianum - Central America, NW South America
  12. Chrysophyllum contumacense - Peru
  13. Chrysophyllum cuneifolium - N South America
  14. Chrysophyllum durifructum - Amazonas
  15. Chrysophyllum euryphyllum - Colombia
  16. Chrysophyllum eximium - Suriname, N. Brazil
  17. Chrysophyllum flexuosum - Brazil
  18. Chrysophyllum gonocarpum - Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, N Argentina
  19. Chrysophyllum hirsutum - Panama, Costa Rica
  20. Chrysophyllum imperiale - E Brazil
  21. Chrysophyllum inornatum - S Brazil
  22. Chrysophyllum januariense - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  23. Chrysophyllum lanatum - Colombia
  24. Chrysophyllum lancisepalum R.Lima – Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo)
  25. Chrysophyllum lucentifolium - Panama, Costa Rica, South America
  26. Chrysophyllum manabiense - Ecuador
  27. Chrysophyllum manaosense - N South America
  28. Chrysophyllum marginatum - South America
  29. Chrysophyllum mexicanum - Mexico, Central America
  30. Chrysophyllum moralesiananum Aguilar, D.Santam. & J.M.Chaves – Costa Rica
  31. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. - Florida, West Indies
  32. Chrysophyllum ovale - Peru, Bolivia, Acre
  33. Chrysophyllum paranaense - São Paulo, Paraná
  34. Chrysophyllum parvulum - Colombia, Venezuela
  35. Chrysophyllum pauciflorum - Puerto Rico to Virgin Islands
  36. Chrysophyllum pomiferum - tropical South America
  37. Chrysophyllum prieurii - Panama, tropical South America
  38. Chrysophyllum pubipetalum Sossai & Alves-Araújo – Brazil (Espirito Santo)
  39. Chrysophyllum reitzianum – Santa Catarina
  40. Chrysophyllum revolutum - Peru
  41. Chrysophyllum rufum - E Brazil
  42. Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum - tropical South America
  43. Chrysophyllum scalare - Peru, Venezuela
  44. Chrysophyllum sierpense Aguilar, D.Santam. & J.M.Chaves – Costa Rica
  45. Chrysophyllum sparsiflorum - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
  46. Chrysophyllum splendens - E Brazil
  47. Chrysophyllum striatum - Panama
  48. Chrysophyllum subspinosum - Bahia
  49. Chrysophyllum superbum - Amazonas
  50. Chrysophyllum ucuquirana-branca - S Venezuela, N Brazil
  51. Chrysophyllum venezuelanense - tropical South America, Central America, Mexico
  52. Chrysophyllum viride - Brazil
  53. Chrysophyllum wilsonii - Amazonas
Formerly included[1]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chrysophyllum.
Wikispecies has information related to Chrysophyllum.
  1. ^ a b c d e f Chrysophyllum L. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 5 June 2023.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192 in Latin
  3. ^ Tropicos, Chrysophyllum L.
  4. ^ Chrysophyllum L. World Flora Online. Accessed 3 December 2022.
  5. ^ The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. I A-C. CRC Press. p. 534. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
  6. ^ Flora of North America Vol. 8 Page 245 Cainito Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
  7. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
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