Gagea

Gagea
	Gagea lutea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Subfamily:	Lilioideae
Tribe:	Lilieae
Genus:	Gagea; Salisb.
Synonyms
	Upoxis Adans.; Rhabdocrinum Rchb.; Ornithoxanthum Link; Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb. 1830 not Delile 1844 (Poaceae); Nectarobothrium Ledeb.; Cronyxium Raf.; Hemierium Raf.; Hornungia Bernh. [1840], illegitimate homonym not Rchb. [1837] (Brassicaceae); Reggeria Raf.; Bulbillaria Zucc.; Plecostigma Turcz.; Boissiera Haens. ex Willk. [1846], illegitimate homonym not Hochst. ex Steud. [1840] (syn of Bromus in Poaceae) nor Hochst. ex Griseb. [1852] (Poaceae); Solenarium Dulac; Szechenyia Kanitz; Giraldiella Dammer;

Gagea is a large genus of spring flowers in the lily family.^[2] It is found primarily in Eurasia with a few species extending into North Africa and one species (Gagea serotina) in North America.^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

The genus is named after the English naturalist Sir Thomas Gage (1791-1820). They were originally described as species of Ornithogalum, which, together with the usual yellow colour of the flowers, explains the English name yellow star-of-Bethlehem for the common European species, Gagea lutea.^[8]^[1]

Species

As of January 2014^[update], the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognizes over 200 species, including those previously assigned to Lloydia.^[9]

Gagea afghanica A.Terracc. – Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
Gagea aipetriensis Levichev – Crimea
Gagea alashanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
Gagea alberti Regel – Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz. – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
Gagea alexejana Kamelin ex Levichev – Tajikistan
Gagea alexii Ali & Levichev – Tajikistan, Iran, Pakistan
Gagea algeriensis (Chabert) Chabert ex Batt. – Spain, Morocco, Algeria
Gagea alii Levichev – Pakistan
Gagea altaica Schischk. & Sumnev. – Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia
Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr. – southeastern Europe
Gagea ancestralis Levichev – Altay Krai
Gagea angelae Levichev & Schnittler – Xinjiang
Gagea angrenica Levichev – Tajikistan
Gagea anisopoda Popov – Turkmenistan
Gagea artemczukii Krasnova – Ukraine, Russia (incl Crimea, North Caucasus)
Gagea azutavica Kotukhov – Altay Krai
Gagea baluchistanica Levichev & Ali – Pakistan
Gagea baschkyzylsaica Levichev – Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Gagea bashoensis Ali – Pakistan, Kashmir
Gagea bergii Litv. – Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
Gagea bezengiensis Levichev – North Caucasus
Gagea bithynica Pascher – Turkey
Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.) Schult. & Schult.f. (syn. G. fistulosa) – Early star-of-Bethlehem, Radnor lily – Europe, Mediterranean
Gagea bornmuelleriana Pascher – Iran
Gagea bowes-lyonii Levichev – Pakistan, Kashmir
Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea bulbifera (Pall.) Salisb. – Eurasia from Romania to Xinjiang
Gagea caelestis Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea calantha Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea calcicola Zarrei & Wilkin – Iran
Gagea calyptrifolia Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea capillifolia Vved. – Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
Gagea capusii A.Terracc. – Afghanistan, Central Asia
Gagea caroli-kochii Grossh. – Iran, South Caucasus
Gagea chabertii A.Terracc. – Algeria, Tunisia
Gagea chanae Grossh. – Iran, Turkey, Caucasus
Gagea charadzeae Davlian. – Caucasus
Gagea chinensis Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
Gagea chitralensis S.Dasgupta & D.B.Deb – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan
Gagea chlorantha (M.Bieb.) Schult. & Schult.f. – Middle East, Turkmenistan, Caucasus
Gagea chloroneura Rech.f. – Afghanistan
Gagea chomutovae (Pascher) Pascher – Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schult. & Schult.f. – Italy incl Sicily
Gagea circumplexa Vved. – Middle East, Central Asia
Gagea commutata K.Koch – Caucasus, Iran
Gagea confusa A.Terracc. – Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Caucasus, Turkmenistan
Gagea cuneata Levichev & Murtaz. – North Caucasus
Gagea czatkalica Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea daghestanica Levichev & Murtaz. – North Caucasus
Gagea daqingshanensis L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang – Inner Mongolia
Gagea davlianidzeae Levichev Kyrgyzstan
Gagea dayana Chodat & Beauverd – Middle East
Gagea delicatula Vved. – Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
Gagea deserticola Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea divaricata Regel – Xinjiang, Central Asia
Gagea drummondii Levichev & Ali – Pakistan, Kashmir
Gagea dschungarica Regel – Xinjiang, Central Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran
Gagea dubia A.Terracc. – Mediterranean, Iran
Gagea durieui Parl. ex Trab. – Morocco, Algeria, Spain incl Balearic Islands
Gagea eleonorae Levichev – Turkey, Caucasus
Gagea elliptica (A.Terracc.) Prain – Spain, Portugal, Morocco
Gagea exilis Vved. – Iran, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
Gagea extremadurensis M.Gut. & F.M.Vázquez – Spain
Gagea fedtschenkoana Pascher – Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia
Gagea ferganica Levichev – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Gagea fibrosa (Desf.) Schult. & Schult.f. – North Africa
Gagea filiformis (Ledeb.) Kar. & Kir. – Altay Krai, Central Asia, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Pakistan
Gagea flavonutans (H.Hara) Zarrei & Wilkin – Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam
Gagea foliosa (C.Presl) Schult. & Schult.f. – France, Italy, Algeria
Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved. – Caucasus, Middle East, Central Asia
Gagea germainae Grossh. – Caucasus
Gagea glacialis K.Koch – Caucasus, Turkey
Gagea glaucescens Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea goljakovii Levichev – Altay Krai
Gagea gracillima Pamp. – Kashmir
Gagea graeca (L.) Irmsch. – Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel
Gagea graminifolia Vved. – Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
Gagea granatellii (Parl.) Parl. – Mediterranean, Black Sea regions
Gagea granulosa Turcz. – Russia, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia
Gagea grey-wilsonii Rech.f. – Iran
Gagea gymnopoda Vved. – Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Gagea gypsacea Levichev – Tajikistan
Gagea helenae Grossh. – Turkey, Caucasus
Gagea hiensis Pascher – Russia, China, Korea, Mongolia
Gagea hissarica Lipsky – Afghanistan, Central Asia
Gagea humicola Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea huochengensis Levichev – Xinjiang
Gagea ignota Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea incrustata Vved. – Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
Gagea intercedens Pascher – Iran
Gagea iranica Zarrei & Zarre – Iran
Gagea jaeschkei Pascher – Xinjiang, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Western Himalayas
Gagea japonica Pascher – Japan
Gagea jensii Levichev & Schnittler – Xinjiang
Gagea jispensis Ali & Levichev – Western Himalayas
Gagea joannis Grossh. – Turkey, Caucasus
Gagea juliae Pascher – Turkey, Cyprus
Gagea kamelinii Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea kneissea J.Thiébaut – Syria
Gagea kopetdagensis Vved. – Turkmenistan
Gagea kunawurensis (Royle) Greuter – central + southwest Asia
Gagea kuraiensis Levichev – Altay Krai
Gagea kuraminica Levichev – Tajikiistan
Gagea lacaitae A.Terracc. – France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Morocco
Gagea leosii Ali & Levichev – Western Himalayas
Gagea libanotica (Hochst.) Greuter. – Syria, Lebanon, Israel
Gagea liotardii (Sternb.) Schult. & Schult.f. – Eurasia from Spain to Mongolia
Gagea lojaconoi Peruzzi – Sicily, Sardinia, Turkey
Gagea longiscapa Grossh. – Siberia, Prinorye
Gagea ludmilae Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea lusitanica A.Terracc. – Spain, Portugal
Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. – Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem – Eurasia from Spain to Japan
Gagea luteoides Stapf – Caucasus, Middle East
Gagea maeotica Artemczuk – Ukraine, Russia incl North Caucasus
Gagea marchica Henker – Germany
Gagea mauritanica Durieu – France, Italy, Balearic Islands, Algeria
Gagea menitskyi Levichev – Iran, South Caucasus
Gagea mergalahensis Ali & Levichev – Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Gagea michaelis Golosk. – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Gagea micrantha (Boiss.) Pascher – Lebanon, Syria
Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. – Europe, Caucasus
Gagea minutiflora Regel – Central Asia
Gagea minutissima Vved. – Tajikiistan
Gagea multipedunculifera Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea nabievii Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea nakaiana Kitag. – eastern + central Asia, Himalayas
Gagea neopopovii Golosk. – Kazakhstan, Xinjiang
Gagea nevadensis Boiss. – Spain, Morocco
Gagea noltiei Peruzzi. syn Lloydia delicatula – Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan
Gagea novoascanica Klokov – Ukraine
Gagea olgae Regel – Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang
Gagea paedophila Vved. – Tajikiistan, Afghanistan
Gagea pakistanica Levichev & Ali – Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Gagea paniculata Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea pauciflora (Turcz. ex Trautv.) Ledeb. – Asiatic Russia, China, Mongolia
Gagea pedata Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea peduncularis (C.Presl) Pascher – Mediterranean
Gagea podolica Schult. & Schult.f. – Russia, Ukraine
Gagea polymorpha Boiss. – Spain
Gagea popovii Vved. – Central Asia
Gagea praemixta Vved. – Uzbekistan
Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. – Meadow gagea – Europe, Morocco, Turkey
Gagea pseudominutiflora Levichev – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Gagea punjabica Levichev & Ali – Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Gagea pusilla (F.W.Schmidt) Sweet – Europe, Kazakhstan
Gagea quasitenuifolia Levichev – Caucasus, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan
Gagea quettica Levichev & Ali – Pakistan
Gagea ramulosa A.Terracc. – eastern Mediterranean, Black Sea region
Gagea rawalpindica Levichev & Ali – Pakistan
Gagea reinhardii Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. SE Europe, N Africa, SW Asia
Gagea reverchonii Degen – Spain
Gagea rigida Boiss. & Spruner – Middle East, eastern Mediterranean
Gagea robusta Zarrei & Wilkin – Iran, Afghanistan
Gagea rubicunda Meinsh. – Russia, Baltic Republics
Gagea rubinae Ali – Pakistan
Gagea rufidula Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea rupicola Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea sarmentosa K.Koch – Caucasus, Iran
Gagea sarysuensis Murz. – Kazakhstan
Gagea schachimardanica Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea schugnanica Levichev & Navruzsh. – Tajikistan
Gagea scythica Artemczuk – Russia, Ukraine
Gagea serotina (L.) Ker Gawl. – Arctic + Subarctic Eurasia + North America
Gagea setifolia Baker – Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Himalayas, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan
Gagea shmakoviana Levichev – Altay Krai
Gagea sicula Lojac. – Sicily
Gagea siphonantha Rech.f. – Afghanistan
Gagea sivasica Hamzaoglu – Turkey
Gagea soleirolii F.W.Schultz – Spain, France, Portugal, Sardinia
Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb. – Europe
Gagea spumosa Levichev – Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
Gagea staintonii Rech.f. – Afghanistan, Pakistan
Gagea stepposa L.Z.Shue – Xinjiang
Gagea subtilis Vved. – Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Gagea subtrigona J.-M.Tison – Spain, Morocco
Gagea sulfurea Miscz. – Turkey, Caucasus
Gagea tadshikistanica Levichev – Tajikistan
Gagea takhtajanii Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea talassica Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea taschkentica Levichev – Uzbekistan
Gagea taurica Steven – Crimea, North Caucasus
Gagea tenera Pascher – central + southwest Asia, Xinjiang, Himalayas
Gagea tenuissima Miscz. – Caucasus, Turkey
Gagea tesquicola Krasnova – Ukraine
Gagea tisoniana Peruzzi – Italy
Gagea toktogulii Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
Gagea toppinii S.Dasgupta & D.B.Deb – Pakistan
Gagea transversalis (Pall.) Steven – eastern Europe
Gagea triflora (Ledeb.) Schult. & Schult.f. – Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, northeastern China
Gagea trinervia (Viv.) Greuter – Sicily, Libya
Gagea turanica Levichev – South Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Gagea ucrainica Klokov – Ukraine, Russia, Xinjiang, Mongolia
Gagea ugamica Pavlov – Kazakhstan
Gagea ulazsaica Levichev – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Gagea uliginosa Siehe & Pascher – Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Gagea utriculosa Levichev – Himachal Pradesh
Gagea vaginata Pascher – Kuril Islands, Hokkaido
Gagea vegeta Vved. – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Caucasus
Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet – Field Gagea – Europe, Mediterranean, Middle East
Gagea villosula Vved. – Tajikistan
Gagea vvedenskyi Grossh. – Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan
Gagea wallichii Levichev & Ali – Western Himalaya
Gagea wendelboi Rech.f. – Iran
Gagea xiphoidea Levichev – Altay Krai

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Lloydia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
^ Salisbury, Richard Anthony. 1806" Annals of Botany 2: 555
^ Zarrei, M.; Zarre, S.; Wilkin, P.; Rix, M. (2007). "Systematic revision of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 154 (4): 559–588. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00678.x.
^ Tison, J.M. (2009). An update of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in the Iberian peninsula. Lagascalia 29: 7-22
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Gagea
^ Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 117 顶冰花属 ding bing hua shu Gagea Salisbury, Ann. Bot. (Oxford). 2: 555. 1806.
^ Flora of China, Vol. 24 Page 121 洼瓣花属 wa ban hua shu Lloydia Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. 102. 1830.
^ Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Moore, D.M.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A., eds. (1980). Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20108-7. p. 25.
^ "Gagea". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2014-01-09.

Bibliography

Peterson, Angela; Levichev, Igor G.; Peterson, Jens (February 2008). "Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46 (2): 446–465. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.016. PMID 18180173.
Tison, Jean-Marc; Peterson, Angela; Harpke, Dörte; Peruzzi, Lorenzo (28 November 2012). "Reticulate evolution of the critical Mediterranean Gagea sect. Didymobulbos (Liliaceae) and its taxonomic implications". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 299 (2): 413–438. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0731-4. S2CID 24970202.

External links

Pacific Bulb Society photos of several species
Treknature, Photos of Gagea sp., a genus of the family Liliaceae Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine photos of several species

[WCSP_280365-1] "Lloydia". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2014-01-09.

[2] Salisbury, Richard Anthony. 1806" Annals of Botany 2: 555

[3] Zarrei, M.; Zarre, S.; Wilkin, P.; Rix, M. (2007). "Systematic revision of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 154 (4): 559–588. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00678.x.

[4] Tison, J.M. (2009). An update of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in the Iberian peninsula. Lagascalia 29: 7-22

[5] Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Gagea

[6] Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 117 顶冰花属 ding bing hua shu Gagea Salisbury, Ann. Bot. (Oxford). 2: 555. 1806.

[7] Flora of China, Vol. 24 Page 121 洼瓣花属 wa ban hua shu Lloydia Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. 102. 1830.

[FE5-8] Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Moore, D.M.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A., eds. (1980). Flora Europaea. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20108-7. p. 25.

[WCSP_Gagea-9] "Gagea". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2014-01-09.

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