List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

UN refugee camp in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

UN peacekeeping missions, dark blue = current, light blue = former

This is a list of UN peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1945, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation. Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations.

IDP camp in Sudan resulting from the Darfur conflict.

The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorizes regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.

Completed missions

Africa

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1960–1964	United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC)		Congo	Congo Crisis	[1]
1988–1991	United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)		Angola	Angolan War of Independence	[2]
1989–1990	United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)		Namibia	Namibian War of Independence	[3]
1991–1995	United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II)		Angola	Angolan Civil War	[4]
1992–1994	United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)		Mozambique	Mozambican Civil War	[5]
1992–1993	United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)		Somalia	Somali Civil War	[6]
1993–1997	United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)		Liberia	Liberian Civil War	[7]
1993–1994	United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)		Rwanda	Rwandan genocide	[8]
			Uganda
1993–1996	United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)		Rwanda	Rwandan genocide	[9]
1993–1995	United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)		Somalia	Somali Civil War	[10]
1994	United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)		Chad	Aouzou Strip dispute	[11]
			Libya
1995–1997	United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III)		Angola	Angolan Civil War	[12]
1997–1999	United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)		Angola	Angolan Civil War	[13]
1998–1999	United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)		Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone civil war	[14]
1998–2000	United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)		Central African Republic	Central African Republic mutinies	[15]
1999–2005	United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)		Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone civil war	[16]
2004–2006	United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)		Burundi	Burundi Civil War	[17]

Americas

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1965–1966	Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP)		Dominican Republic	Dominican Civil War	[18]
1989–1992	United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA)	1	Central America	Nicaraguan Civil War	[19]
1991–1995	United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)		El Salvador	El Salvador Civil War	[20]
1993–1996	United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)		Haiti	1991 coup and military rule in Haiti	[21]
1996–1997	United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)		Haiti	Stabilizing Haiti's new democracy	[22]
1997	United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)		Guatemala	Guatemalan Civil War	[23]
1997	United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)		Haiti	Training of the Haitian National Police	[24]
1997–2000	United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)		Haiti	Training of the Haitian National Police	[25]

¹  Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Asia

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1962–1963	United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF)	Template:Country data West New Guinea1	West New Guinea	Indonesian takeover of West New Guinea	[26]
1965–1966	United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM)		India	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965	[27]
			Pakistan
1988–1990	United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)		Afghanistan	Soviet invasion of Afghanistan	[28]
			Pakistan
1991–1992	United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)		Cambodia	Fall of the Khmer Rouge	[29]
1992–1993	United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)		Cambodia	Fall of the Khmer Rouge	[30]
1994–2000	United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)		Tajikistan	Tajikistan Civil War	[31]
1999	United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)	2	East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[32]
1999–2002	The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)	2	East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[33]
2002–2005	United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)		East Timor	Indonesian invasion and occupation	[34]

¹  The first flag shown is that of the West Papua (West New Guinea), the country that had been arranged to succeed the Dutch colony. However, the Netherlands, whose flag is the second shown, was later forced to hand over the territory to Indonesia, whose flag is last.

²  Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).

Europe

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1992–1995	United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)	1	Former Yugoslavia	Yugoslav wars	[35]
1994–1996	United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO)		Croatia	Croatian War	[36]
1995–2002	United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)		Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian War	[37]
1995–1999	United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP)		Republic of Macedonia	Aftermath of the Yugoslav wars	[38]
1996–1998	United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES)		Croatia	Croatian War	[39]
1996–2002	United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)	2	Prevlaka Peninsula	Prevlaka territorial dispute	[40]
1998	United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG)		Croatia	Croatian War	[41]

¹  This mission operated within the current successor states to the Former Yugoslavia of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order.

²  Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.

Middle East

Dates of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1956–1967	First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I)		Egypt	Suez Crisis, Six-Day War	[42]
			Israel
1958	United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL)		Lebanon	Lebanon crisis of 1958	[43]
1963–1964	United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM)		Yemen	Yemen Civil War (See also Yemen Arab Republic)	[44]
1973–1979	Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II)		Egypt	Yom Kippur War	[45]
			Israel
1988–1991	United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)		Iran	Iran-Iraq War	[46]
			Iraq
1991–2003	United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)		Iraq	Gulf War	[47]
			Kuwait

Current deployment

Africa

Start of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1991	United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)		Western Sahara	Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara	[48]
1999	United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)		Democratic Republic of Congo	Second Congo War	[49]
2000	United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)		Eritrea	Eritrean-Ethiopian War	[50]
			Ethiopia
2003	United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)		Liberia	Second Liberian Civil War	[51]
2004	United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)		Côte d'Ivoire	Civil war in Côte d'Ivoire	[52]
2005	United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)		Sudan	Second Sudanese Civil War	[53]

Americas

Start of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
2004	United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)		Haiti	2004 Haiti rebellion	[54]

Asia

Start of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1949	United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)		India	Indo-Pakistani Wars	[55]
			Pakistan
2006	United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)		East Timor	2006 East Timor crisis	[56]

Europe

Start of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1964	United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)	1	Cyprus	Cyprus dispute	[57]
1993	United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)		Georgia	Abkhazian War	[58]
1999	United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)	2	Kosovo	Kosovo War	[59]

¹  The United Nations and all foreign governments but Turkey recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, whose flag is shown first, over the whole island of Cyprus. The second flag is that of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state, by virtue of controlling the northern third of the island, which is recognized only by Turkey and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.

²  There is no official flag of Kosovo. The top flag is the flag of Albania, favoured by the ethnic Albanian-dominated provisional institutions and the majority of Kosovo Albanians. The bottom flag is the flag of Serbia, used by Republic of Serbia which retains formal sovereignty pending the outcome of Final Status discussions. For more see Kosovo.

Middle East

Start of operation	Name of Operation	Location	Conflict	Website
1948	United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)	1	Middle East	(Monitors the various ceasefires and assists UNDOF and UNIFIL)	[60]
1974	United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)	2	Golan Heights	Agreed withdrawal by Syrian and Israeli forces following the Yom Kippur War.	[61]
1978	United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)		Lebanon	Israeli invasion of Lebanon and 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict	[62]

¹  There is no officially recognized flag of the entire region of the Middle East. Shown is a map of the Middle East.

²  Various regions of the Golan Heights have been claimed by Israel, Lebanon, and Syria; all three flags are shown, in alphabetical order.

See also

• List of countries where UN peacekeepers are currently deployed
• Timeline of UN peacekeeping missions

References

See individual mission websites with their listing.

• UN peacekeeping website