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Marine Corps League
EstablishedNovember 10, 1922; 102 years ago (1922-11-10)
Founders
Founded atNew York City
Type501(c)(4) – U.S. Marines Corps veterans organization
23-1598250
Legal status36 U.S.C. 1401 – U.S. chartered corporation
HeadquartersStafford, Virginia
Coordinates39°46′37″N 86°09′22″W / 39.776996°N 86.156201°W / 39.776996; -86.156201
Region served
Worldwide
Membership (2019)
c. 63,250
Johnny Baker
Warren Griffin
TJ Morgan
Phil Zamora
National Division Vice Commandants
Key people
Chief Operating Officer
  • Robert J. Borka
Main organ
National Convention
Subsidiaries
Websitemclnational.org
Formerly called
Marine Corps Veterans Association (MCVA)

The Marine Corps League is the only congressionally chartered United States Marine Corps-related veterans organization in the United States. Its congressional charter was approved by the 75th U.S. Congress and signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 4, 1937. The organization credits Major General John A. Lejeune, the 13th Marine Corps commandant, as one of its founding members.

The League holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Mission statement

The mission of the Marine Corps League is to promote the interest and to preserve traditions of the United States Marine Corps; strengthen the fraternity of Marines and their families; serve Marines, FMF Corpsmen, and FMF Chaplains who wear or who have worn the Eagle, Globe and Anchor; and foster the ideals of Americanism and patriotic volunteerism.[1]

History

The Marine Corps League perpetuates the traditions and spirit of all Marines, Navy FMF corpsmen and Navy FMF chaplains who wear or have worn the Eagle, Globe and Anchor of the Marine Corps. The League is the only federally chartered Marine Corps-related veterans organization in the country. Since its earliest days, the League has enjoyed the support and encouragement of the active duty and reserve establishments of the Marine Corps. The League boasts a membership of more than 60,000 men and women, officer and enlisted, active duty, reserve Marines, honorably discharged Marine veterans, qualified Navy FMF corpsmen and qualified Navy FMF chaplains. It is one of the few veterans organizations that experiences annual membership increases.[2]

Marine Corps Veterans Conference of 1922 (November 10, 1922)

In 1922, retired Major Sidney W. Brewster had a vision in which appeared thousands of Marines marching in a parade. Until February 1923, his vision was an obsession until others with whom Brewster talked became impressed. From 1919-23, veteran organizations sprang up in all parts of the country. Clubs, associations and groups for Marine veterans were formed in keeping with the prevalent feeling of esprit de corps and good fellowship. They had served and fought together and now they met to recount the days of 1917-19 spent in Parris Island, Quantico, France and Germany.

A gathering convened on November 10, 1922 at the Hotel McAlpin in New York City to discuss establishing relationships with other Marine Corps veteran organizations. Among attendees were retired First Lt. Paul Howard, retired First Lt. James Duffy, Second Lt. Frank D'Ipoli, Albert Lages, Milton Solomon, Roy Hagan, Frank Lambert, Miss Ray Sawyer, Mrs. Mae Garner, Webster de S. Smith, Merle McAlister and Rev. J. H. Clifford. After lengthy discussion, Brewster's vision materialized and he was elected temporary chairman. Sawyer was elected temporary secretary and Raymond Wills was elected temporary treasurer.

A committee was appointed to plan a national organization and the name "Marine Corps Veterans Association" was adopted. The titles of officers were then changed to Commandant, Adjutant, Paymaster, etc.

Brewster was elected as commandant by acclamation, holding that position until the election of Major General John A. Lejeune at the second annual convention. Sawyer worked almost day and night during those early days to obtain a place for the new organization.[3]

The Marine Corps Veterans Association began to organize posts across the country. The first New York post unanimously elected Colonel George C. Reid as post commandant on December 11, 1922.[4] Detachments began to organize in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Cleveland, Chicago, Indianapolis, Houston and Pittsburgh.

The New York post and the McLemore detachment[5] are the only remaining units of the Marine Corps Veterans Association that predate the Marine Corps League.

The following list of units is arranged in order of first publication appearance in the Leatherneck Magazine (no organization or charter dates mentioned):

MARINE CORPS VETERANS ASSOCIATION DETACHMENTS
No. Post/Detachment name City State Organization date Charter date Status Leatherneck Magazine issue
1 New York (Post) Detachment New York City New York Unknown Unknown Active December 1922
2 Anthony-Fagan Detachment Albany New York Unknown Unknown Deactivated February 1923
3 Elias Jay Messinger Detachment Tacoma Washington Unknown Unknown Deactivated April 1923
4 McLemore Detachment Houston Texas Unknown Unknown Active May 1923

All-Marine Caucus of 1923 (June 3–6, 1923)

The Marine Corps League was organized at the All-Marine caucus held at the Hotel Pennsylvania in New York City from June 3–6, 1923. It was the offspring of the Marine Corps Veterans Association headed by Brewster, who presided at the caucus.

Marine Corps veterans from many states attended. LeJeune, Commandant of the Marine Corps at the time, was unable to be present, but was kept informed of the proceedings by telephone. Brigadier General James G. Harbord, U.S. Army, who commanded the Second Division, American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F.), which included the Fifth Marine Regiment and Sixth Marine Regiment, addressed the closing session and was made an honorary member. At the end of the caucus, the Marine Corps Veterans Association would change its name after a bitter battle on the floor to the "Marine Corps League."

Lejeune was unanimously elected to the position of national commandant and Brewster became the first past national commandant. An amendment to the constitution was also passed at this convention: "All Past National Commandants shall be members of the Staff for life, with vote, and shall also be life delegates to the National Assembly with vote."[6]

Progression of the Marine Corps League

Marine Corps League in Staten Island Memorial Day Parade, 2021

The New York detachment would be the first chartered at the "All Marine Caucus" under the national organization's new name as New York Detachment No. 1, thus making it the League's oldest continuous detachment. Colonel George C. Reid continued as the detachment commandant. After the conclusion of the caucus, other detachments began to organize. Buffalo, New York was the second and Newark, New Jersey the third. Other detachments quickly followed in the east and midwest. By 1928, detachments reached to the west coast. The second national convention was held in Washington, DC, the third in Philadelphia, the fourth in Cleveland and the fifth in Erie, Pennsylvania. LeJeune remained as national commandant until 1929, when Maj. Gen. Wendell C. Neville succeeded him as Marine Corps Commandant. LeJeune then appointed Neville as the National Commandant of the Marine Corps League for the duration of his term until the next national convention in St. Louis, MO in 1930. At the St. Louis convention, W. Karl Lations of Worcester, Massachusetts was elected the first civilian commandant of the League.

The League prospered and expanded under the leadership of Lations, who was national commandant until 1931, when the ninth national convention in Buffalo, New York elected Carlton A. Fisher of the Niagara-Frontier detachment to succeed Lations.

The Great Depression handicapped the League and other veteran and fraternal groups. In 1932, a movement was started in Washington under the guise of economy to abolish the Marine Corps. This was frustrated when New York Detachment No. 1 began a newspaper campaign of protest, followed by contact with every senator and congressman in the United States Congress by letter and personal visits, which ended the movement.

John F. Manning of Methuen, Massachusetts succeeded Fisher as national commandant at the convention in Denver, Colorado in 1934. Manning was succeeded by Maurice A. Illch of Albany, New York at the national convention in Boston, Massachusetts in 1936. During his administration, the "Corrigan Will" contest was settled, which enriched the national treasury by $10,000. On August 4, 1937, the League was chartered by Congress.

Florence E. O'Leary of Cincinnati, Ohio succeeded Illch as national commandant at the national convention in Washington, DC in 1938. He was succeeded by Chris J. Cunningham of Albany, New York at the national convention in Detroit in 1940. During Cunningham's tenure, League membership more than doubled, the number of detachments increased to more than 160 and the first monthly national bulletin was launched. Cunningham was succeeded by Judge Alexander F. Ormsby of Jersey City, New Jersey at the national convention in Chicago. Cunningham was succeeded by Thomas E. Wood at the national convention held in the New Yorker Hotel in September 1943.[7]

MARINE CORPS LEAGUE DETACHMENTS
No. Detachment Name City State Organization Date Charter Date Status
1 New York Detachment No. 1 New York City New York June 3, 1923 June 6, 1923 Active
2 Buffalo Detachment No. 2 Buffalo New York Unknown Unknown Deactivated
3 Newark Detachment No. 3 Newark New Jersey Unknown Unknown Deactivated

Programs

The Marine Corps League supports various programs to promote and honor the spirit and traditions of the Marines:

Injured Marines

  • Marines Helping Marines—Wounded Marines Program: Supports injured Marines in the following
  • Marine-4-Life/Injured Marine Support Program: Mentors and provides support for transitioning Marines.
  • National Marksmanship Program: keeping the heritage and tradition of elite marksmanship. This program promotes safe and responsible marksmanship across the nation. The Marine Corps League Shooting Team is a program within the MCLMP

Youth programs

  • Young Marines: A youth program emphasizing the core values of the Marine Corps.
  • U.S. Marines Youth Physical Fitness Program: For elementary and high school students.
  • Boy Scouts of America: One of the largest youth organizations in the United States.
  • Scholarship program: Provides academic scholarships to children of Marines and former Marines.
  • Toys for Tots: A program of the U.S. Marine Reserve.

Veterans benefits

  • Legislative program: Participates in national and state issues which impact the military and veterans programs.
  • Veterans Service Officer Program: Assist with claims resulting from active duty service.
  • Veterans Affairs Volunteer Service Program: Volunteer assistance in VA hospitals and clinics.

Miscellaneous

  • Military Order of the Devil Dogs: Fun and honor society of the MCL.

Publication

Initially, the official bulletin of the League was the Leatherneck magazine, which carried League news in every issue[8] and had a circulation of over 5,200. Through the magazine and the recruiting services of the Marine Corps, information about the League's activities was disseminated with the hope of building the Marine Corps Reserve to an appreciable size.

Eventually, the League would produce its own official publication, Semper Fi magazine, but the League is allowed to contribute articles to Leatherneck magazine. Semper Fi magazine is published on a quarterly basis.

Organization

The Marine Corps League is headed by an elected National Commandant, with 14 elected national staff officers who serve as trustees. The National Board of Trustees coordinates the efforts of 48 department, or state, entities and the activities of over 1,000 community-based detachments located throughout the United States and overseas. The day-to-day operations of the League are under the control of the National Executive Director/Chief Operating Officer, with the responsibility for the management and direction of all programs, activities and affairs as well the supervision of the national headquarters staff.

National

The prime authority of the League is derived from its congressional charter and from its annual national convention held each August in a different major U.S. city. It is a not-for-profit organization within the provisions of the Internal Revenue Service Code 501(c) (4). A special group exemption letter allows contributions to the Marine Corps League, its auxiliary and subsidiary units to be tax deductible by the donor.

Divisions

For more effective administration, the United States is divided into geographical units called divisions whose function is solely administrative. The duties and authority of the national vice commandants of divisions are covered in the national bylaws.[9] The divisions of the Marine Corps League are:

MARINE CORPS LEAGUE DIVISIONS
Central Mideast Midwest New England Northeast Northwest Rocky Mountain Southeast Southern Southwest
  • (1) Central Division - Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kentucky
  • (2) Mideast Division - Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom
  • (3) Midwest Division - Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota
  • (4) New England Division - Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
  • (5) Northeast Division - New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania
  • (6) Northwest Division - Alaska, Washington, Montana, Oregon, Idaho
  • (7) Rocky Mountain Division - Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming
  • (8) Southeast Division - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee
  • (9) Southern Division - Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas
  • (10) Southwest Division - Arizona, California, Nevada, Hawaii

Departments

A State in which there are three or more Detachments with a combined membership of sixty (60) or more members may be chartered as a Department by the National Board of Trustees upon receiving a written request from such Detachments via the jurisdictional National Division Vice Commandant.[10]

Area

The function of an Area is administrative only and is formed at the discretion of the Department. The Area Vice Commandant will be responsible for the Area.

Detachments

The Detachment is the basic unit of the League and usually represents a small geographic area such as a single town or part of a county. There are over 1000 community-based Detachments located throughout the United States and overseas, supporting veterans and their families while being active and involved in the local community. The Detachment is used for formal business such as meetings and a coordination point for community service projects. A Detachment member is distinguished by a Red garrison cap with gold piping.

Notable members

List of Past National Commandants and Convention Sites

MARINE CORPS VETERANS ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL COMMANDANT AND CONFERENCE SITE
No. Date Site Commandant
1 November 10, 1922 New York, NY *Sidney W. Brewster
MARINE CORPS LEAGUE
NATIONAL COMMANDANTS AND CONVENTION SITES[11]
No. Year Site Commandant
1 1923 New York, NY *John A. Lejeune
2 1924 Washington, DC *John A. Lejeune
3 1925 Philadelphia, PA *John A. Lejeune
4 1926 Cleveland, OH *John A. Lejeune
5 1927 Erie, PA *John A. Lejeune
6 1928 Dallas, TX *John A. Lejeune
7 1929 Cincinnati, OH *John A. Lejeune
*Wendell C. Neville
8 1930 St Louis, MO *W. Karl Lations
9 1931 Buffalo, NY *W. Karl Lations
1932 NO CONVENTION *Carlton A. Fisher
10 1933 Chicago, IL *Carlton A. Fisher
11 1934 Denver, CO *Carlton A. Fisher
12 1935 Newark, NJ *John F. Manning
13 1936 Boston, MA *John F. Manning
14 1937 Akron, OH *Maurice A. Illich
15 1938 Washington, DC *Maurice A. Illich
16 1939 Boston, MA *Florence O'Leary
17 1940 Detroit, MI *Florence O'Leary
18 1941 Indianapolis, IN *Chris Cunningham
19 1942 Chicago, IL *Chris Cunningham
20 1943 New York, NY *Alexander Ormsby
21 1944 Sacramento, CA *Thomas E. Wood
22 1945 Springfield, IL *Alan A. Stevenson
23 1946 Atlantic City, NJ *Thomas F. Sweeny
24 1947 Miami, Fl *Joseph F. Alverez
25 1948 Milwaukee, WI *George T. Bullen
26 1949 Boston, MA *Theus J. McQueen
27 1950 Washington, DC *Clay Nixon
28 1951 Savannah, GA *Maurice J. Fagan
29 1952 Los Angeles, CA *John C. O'Brien
30 1953 Cleveland, OH *John C. O'Brien
31 1954 Baltimore, MD *Charles A. Weaver
32 1955 St Louis, MO *George Shamgochian
33 1956 Miami, FL *William D. Webster
34 1957 San Jose, CA *William Derderian
35 1958 Omaha, NE *John G. Hosko
36 1959 Buffalo, NY *William Gardiner
37 1960 Grand Rapids, MI *Hyman Rosen
38 1961 Atlantic City, NJ *Walter Churchill Sr.
39 1962 Tampa, FL *Wilson L. Peck
40 1963 Cleveland, OH *Raymond B. Butts
41 1964 Wichita, KS *Raymond B. Butts
42 1965 Harrisburg, PA *Burton Daugherty
43 1966 Albany, NY *Burton Daugherty
44 1967 Kansas City, MO *Claude H. Downing
45 1968 Bridgeport, CT *Claude H. Downing
46 1969 Miami, FL *Edward J. Bange
47 1970 St Louis, MO *Edward J. Bange
48 1971 San Antonio, TX *Sydney S. McMath
49 1972 Anaheim, CA *H. Lynn Cavin
50 1973 Miami, FL *Gilbert E. Gray
51 1974 Tucson, AZ *Gilbert E. Gray
52 1975 Philadelphia, PA *Richard J. O'Brien
53 1976 Washington, DC *Patrick J. Cody
54 1977 Indianapolis, IN *Edward A. Schramm
55 1978 Atlantic City, NJ *James H. Frost
56 1979 Milwaukee, WI *James H. Frost
57 1980 Orlando, FL Paul F. Hastings
58 1981 Tucson, AZ Paul F. Hastings
59 1982 Dearborn, MI *Joseph Mammone
60 1983 Nashville, TN *James C. Kelly
61 1984 Colorado Springs, CO *James C. Kelly
62 1985 Lafayette, LA *Robert N. Forsyth
63 1986 Boston, MA *Edward D. MacIntyre
64 1987 Phoenix, AZ *William J. Galvin
65 1988 Cincinnati, OH *William J. Galvin
66 1989 Dallas, TX Linwood P. Liner
67 1990 Sacramento, CA *Raymond R. Berling
68 1991 King of Prussia, PA *Raymond R. Berling
69 1992 St Louis, MO *Lamar Golden
70 1993 Orlando, FL *Lamar Golden
71 1994 Cherry Hill, NJ *Francis J. Meakem
72 1995 Milwaukee, WI Lewis W. Loeven
73 1996 Fort Mitchell, KY *PAULA’s J. Seton
74 1997 Nashville, TN *Paul J. Seton
75 1998 Syracuse, NY Robert E. Becker Jr
76 1999 Denver, CO Robert E. Becker Jr
77 2000 New Orleans, LA Diana Dils
78 2001 Dearborn, MI *Diana Dils
79 2002 Harrisburg, PA John P. Tuohy
80 2003 Spokane, WA John P. Tuohy
81 2004 Irving, TX Helen F. Hicks
82 2005 Cleveland, OH Helen F. Hicks
83 2006 Quincy, MA *Frank S. Kish
84 2007 Albuquerque, NM John V. Ryan
85 2008 Orlando, FL John V. Ryan
86 2009 Rochester, MN *James R. Laskey
87 2010 Greensboro, NC *James R. Laskey
88 2011 Boise, ID Vito Voltaggio
89 2012 Mobile, AL Vito Voltaggio
90 2013 Grand Rapids, MI James Tuohy
91 2014 Charleston, WV James Tuohy
92 2015 Scottsdale, AZ *John W. Kovalcik
93 2016 Tulsa, OK *Richard D. Gore, Sr.
94 2017 Overland Park, Kansas *Richard D. Gore, Sr.
95 2018 Buffalo, NY Wendell Webb
96 2019 Billings, Montana Wendell Webb
2020 NO CONVENTION Dennis Tobin
97 2021 Springfield, Illinois Johnny Baker
98 2022 Coming Soon
99 2023 Coming Soon
  • Deceased

List of Honorary Past National Commandants Of The Marine Corps League

HONORARY PAST NATIONAL COMMANDANTS OF THE MARINE CORPS LEAGUE[12]
Year Name
1945 *Stephen Brown
1958 *Basil Pollitt
1965 *Francis X. Lorbecki
1978 *Jack Brennan
1987 *Clem D. Russell
1995 *Victor T. Fisher
1995 *Charles D. Horn
1996 *Raymond R. Wilkowski
1998 *Johanna Glasrud
1999 *John "Jay" P. Kacsan
1999 *William "Bill" R. Reichstein
2001 *Benny Dotson
2007 Barry Georgopulos
2009 E. "Bud" Randall
2009 *John D. Serpa
2010 Michael A. Blum
2019 Neil B. Corley
  • Deceased

List of Military Order Of Devil Dogs (Founded 1939 Boston, Massachusetts)

MILITARY ORDER OF DEVIL DOGS (FOUNDED 1939 BOSTON, MA)[13]
Year Chief Dogs Year Dog Robbers
39-41 *Gerald L. Bakelaar 39-40 *Charles Vaccaro
40-41 *Raymond Canfield
41-43 *C. A. Gallagher 41-43 *Erastas Darling
43-44 *Joseph T. Alvarez 43-44 *Eugene P. Corey
44-45 *Walter Donnelly 44-45 *John Zak
45-46 *Clarence G. Young 45-46 *John Van de Woude
46-47 *John Zak 46-47 *Mortimer S. Libien
47-48 *John Van de Woude 47-48 *Clarence G. Young
48-49 *Joseph Probst 48-49 *John L. Baker
49-50 *Carl Burger 49-50 *Betty J. Mooney
50-51 *Francis X. Lorbecki 50-51 *Paul Corbin
51-52 *Stanley Bunn 51-52 *Charles A. Hellyer
52-53 *Charles A. Hellyer 52-53 *George W. Jorgenson
53-54 *George W. Jorgenson 53-54 *William W. Hurrell
54-55 *William Harvey 54-55 *Joseph L.T. Fortier
55-56 *William S. Craig 55-56 *Hyman Rosen
56-58 *Mason D. Wade 56-58 *Claude H. Downing
58-59 *Claude H. Downing 58-59 *James T. Fowler
59-60 *James Koenig 59-60 *Paul Plache
60-61 *William Hurrell 60-61 *H. E. Allamon
61-63 *John P. Kacsan 61-63 *H. E. Allamon
63-64 *Joseph Peterson 63-64 *H. E. Allamon
64-65 *John R. Spain 64-65 *John J. McNamara
65-66 *Arthur M. Brokenshire, Jr. 65-66 *Steven Downey
66-67 *John J. McNamara 66-67 *Marshall Lundgren
67-68 *Marshall D. Lundgren 67-68 *John J. McNamara
68-69 *#Hugh A. Maus 68-69 *Antoinette H. Baisden
69-70 *Philip A. Calabrese 69-70 *Antoinette H. Baisden
70-71 *#Antoinette H. Baisden 70-71 *James J. Armstrong
71-72 *James J. Armstrong 71-72 *Hugh A. Maus
72-73 *C. A. Boedigheimer 72-73 Virginia L. McDougall
73-75 #Virginia McDougall 73-75 *C. A. Boedigheimer
75-76 *Jack R. Liddell 75-76 *Manuel Valdez
76-78 *William H. Brooks 76-78 *#Kenneth E. Farris
78-79 *Fred Agosta 78-79 *#Kenneth E. Farris
79-80 *#Kenneth E. Farris 79-80 Raymond E. Kania
80-82 #Edwin F. Gallagher 80-82 Paul L. Sutton
82-84 #Paul L. Sutton 82-84 John C. Muerdler
83-84 *#Francis A. English
84-85 *#Gilbert E. Gray 84-85 Edwin F. Gallagher
85-86 *#Francis A. English 85-86 *#Kenneth E. Farris
86-87 *Donald L. Frost 86-87 *#Kenneth E. Farris
87-88 *Thomas A. Banks 87-88 *#Kenneth E. Farris
88-90 *Mary B. Krauss 88-90 *#Kenneth E. Farris
90-92 Clifton F. Williams, Jr. 90-92 *#Kenneth E. Farris
92-94 *Gary O. Chartrand 92-94 *#Kenneth E. Farris
94-96 William C. Taylor 94-96 *#Kenneth E. Farris
96-98 Jack Nash 96-98 *#Kenneth E. Farris
98-00 Lamar Golden 98-00 *Robert McCallum
00-02 Robert Lent 00-02 Phil Ruhmshottel
4-Feb Douglas Fisk 4-Feb Phil Ruhmshottel
5-Apr George Barrows 5-Apr Phil Ruhmshottel
7-May Donald R. Garland Jr. 7-May Phil Ruhmshottel
9-Jul Laurel A. Hull 9-Jul Steven Joppa
11-Sep #Phil Rumshottel 11-Sep Steven Joppa
11-13 Michael English 13-Nov Steven Joppa
13-14 *Ken Travis 13-14 Steven Joppa
14-15 Leanna L. Dietrich 14-15 Steven Joppa
15-16 C. O. Smith 15-16 Steven Joppa
16-17 C. O. Smith 15-16 Steven Joppa
17-18 Leonard Spicer 15-16 Steven Joppa
18-19 Leonard Spicer 15-16 Steven Joppa
19-20 Thomas Hazlett 15-16 Steven Joppa
  • Deceased

D who served as KDR

See also

References

  1. ^ "About the Marine Corps League - Mission Statement". Marine Corps League. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  2. ^ "About the Marine Corps League - History". Marine Corps League.
  3. ^ Clifford, John (July 1929). "The Marine Corps League". The Leatherneck Magazine. 12 (7). Marine Corps Association & Foundation: 22, 23.
  4. ^ "Ex-Marines Are Rapidly Organizing". The Leatherneck Magazine. 5 (62). Marine Corps Association & Foundation: 5. December 23, 1922 [1922].
  5. ^ "Marine Veteran Chapter Named After Col. M'Lemore". The Leatherneck Magazine. 6 (19). Marine Corps Association & Foundation (published May 12, 1923): 1, 2. May 1923 [1923].
  6. ^ "Greater New York Detachment Marine Corps League 168th Anniversary United States Marine Corps 1775-1943 Program Book". Greater New York Detachment Marine Corps League 168th Anniversary United States Marine Corps 1775-1943 Program Book. New York City: Greater New York Detachment Marine Corps League: 40. November 1943 [1943].
  7. ^ "Greater New York Detachment Marine Corps League 168th Anniversary United States Marine Corps 1775-1943 Program Book". Greater New York Detachment Marine Corps League 168th Anniversary United States Marine Corps 1775-1943 Program Book. New York City: Greater New York Detachment Marine Corps League: 40. November 1943 [1943].
  8. ^ "Marine Corps League News". The Leatherneck Magazine. 7 (23). Marine Corps Association & Foundation (published May 31, 1924): 5. May 1924 [1924].
  9. ^ "Chapter 4 - Divisions". Marine Corps League National Bylaws & Administrative Procedures (PDF) (1987 ed.). Marine Corps League. 2017 [1987]. p. AP 4-1.
  10. ^ "Chapter 5 - Departments". Marine Corps League National Bylaws & Administrative Procedures (PDF) (1987 ed.). Marine Corps League. 2017 [1987]. p. AP 5-1.
  11. ^ https://www.mclnational.org/uploads/1/0/3/1/103183322/national_commandants_and_convention_sites.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  12. ^ https://www.mclnational.org/uploads/1/0/3/1/103183322/honorary_past_national_commandants_of_the_marine_corps_league.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  13. ^ https://www.mclnational.org/uploads/1/0/3/1/103183322/military_order_of_devil_dogs__founded_1939_boston_ma_.pdf [bare URL PDF]
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