Monmouth-class cruiser
 Suffolk
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Monmouth class |
| Operators |  Royal Navy |
| Preceded by | Drake class |
| Succeeded by | Devonshire class |
| Built | 1899–1904 |
| In commission | 1903–1921 |
| Completed | 10 |
| Lost | 2 |
| Scrapped | 8 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Armoured cruiser |
| Displacement | 9,800 long tons (10,000 t) (normal) |
| Length | 463 ft 6 in (141.3 m) (o/a) |
| Beam | 66 ft (20.1 m) |
| Draught | 25 ft (7.6 m) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 2 × shafts; 2 × triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) |
| Complement | 678 |
| Armament |
|
| Armour |
|
The Monmouth class was a ten-ship class of 10,000-ton armoured cruisers built around 1901 to 1903 for the Royal Navy and designed specifically for commerce protection. The ships were also referred to as County class cruisers as they carried the names of British counties.
Design
Expected only to fight light cruisers and armed merchant ships, the class was armed with fourteen 6-inch guns at a time when most British armoured cruisers also carried at least a pair of 9.2-inch guns: Four of the guns were mounted in two twin turrets at a good height, the remaining ten were installed in hull-mounted casemates, five on each side. The lower casemate guns were just a few feet above water, making them impossible to use in heavy seas. Sir John Fisher commented that "Sir William White designed the County class but forgot the guns."[1] On the other hand, they were relatively fast ships for their time.
Ships
The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Monmouth class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores. The compilers of The Naval Annual revised costs quoted for British ships between the 1905 and 1906 editions. The reasons for the differences are unclear.[2]
| Ship | Builder | Date of | Cost according to | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laid down | Launch | Completion | (BNA 1905)[3] | (BNA 1906)[4] | ||
| Monmouth | London & Glasgow Shipbuilding, Govan | 29 Aug 1899 | 13 Nov 1901 | 2 Dec 1903 | £709,085 | £979,591 |
| Bedford | Fairfield Shipping and Engineering, Govan | 19 Feb 1900 | 31 Aug 1901 | 11 Nov 1903 | £734,330 | £706,020 |
| Essex | HM Dockyard, Pembroke | 1 Jan 1900 | 29 Aug 1901 | 22 Mar 1903 | £770,325 | £736,557 |
| Kent | HM Dockyard, Portsmouth | 12 Feb 1900 | 6 Mar 1901 | 1 Oct 1903 | £733,940 | £700,283 |
| Berwick | William Beardmore and Company | 19 Apr 1901 | 20 Sep 1902 | 9 Dec 1903 | £776,868 | £750,984 |
| Cornwall | HM Dockyard, Pembroke | 11 Mar 1901 | 29 Oct 1902 | 1 Dec 1904 | £789,421 | £756,274 |
| Cumberland | London & Glasgow Shipbuilding, Govan | 19 Feb 1901 | 16 Dec 1902 | 1 Dec 1904 | £751,508 | £718,168 |
| Donegal | Fairfield Shipping and Engineering, Govan | 14 Feb 1901 | 4 Sep 1902 | 5 Nov 1903 | £752,964 | £715,947 |
| Lancaster | Armstrong-Whitworth, Elswick | 4 Mar 1901 | 22 Mar 1903 | 5 Apr 1904 | £763,084 | £732,858 |
| Suffolk | HM Dockyard, Portsmouth | 25 Mar 1901 | 15 Jan 1903 | 21 May 1904 | £783,054 | £722,681 |
Service
Upon completion, the ships served briefly in home waters before being assigned to various oversea stations (China, Halifax, and the Caribbean). During this time HMS Bedford was wrecked in the East China Sea and scrapped.
Following the outbreak of WW1, the ships were primarily tasked with combating German commerce raiders, patrolling in both the North and South Atlantic. HMS Monmouth was assigned to Rear Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock's squadron, and was sunk at the Battle of Coronel. HMS Kent was also assigned to Cradock's squadron, but failed to join in time; she remained at the Falklands and joined Admiral Sturdee's squadron, which also included HMS Cornwall. In the ensuing Battle of the Falklands, HMS Kent pursued and sank Nürnberg, while HMS Cornwall pursued and sank Leipzig. HMS Kent continued the pursuit of Dresden, eventually locating her and forcing her to be scuttled at the Battle of Más a Tierra. Later HMS Cornwall participated in the blockade of Königsberg in the Rufiji river.
After the war, several of the ships served briefly as training ships. All were withdrawn from service and scrapped in 1920–21.
Notes
Footnotes
- ^ Massie, Robert K. (2004). Castles of Steel. Balantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40878-0.
- ^ The 1906 figure for Monmouth is particularly high. but is as quoted in the original. The 1914 edition also quotes £979,591 as the cost of Monmouth.
- ^ Brassey's Naval Annual 1905, p234-243
- ^ Brassey's Naval Annual 1906, p208-215
Bibliography
- Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1905
- Corbett, Julian (1997) [1938]. Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-256-X.
- Friedman, Norman (2012). British Cruisers of the Victorian Era. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-59114-068-9.
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
- Leyland, J. and Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1906
- Massie, Robert K. (2003). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45671-6.
- McBride, K. D. (1998). "Re: HMS Kent (1914–1915)". Warship International. XXXV (4): 334–341. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
External links
- The Dreadnought Project Technical details of the ships.